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韓愈《醫(yī)說(shuō)》
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：韓愈《醫(yī)說(shuō)》的大意就是把治病和在治天下聯(lián)系在一起，兩者道理相通。下面我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下這篇文章。
《醫(yī)說(shuō)》
作者： 韓愈，年代：唐
善醫(yī)者，不視人之瘠肥，察其脈之病否而已矣;善計(jì)天下者，不視天下之安危，察其紀(jì)綱之理亂而已矣。天下者，人也;安危者，肥瘠也;紀(jì)綱者，脈也。脈不病，雖瘠不害;脈病而肥者，死矣。通于此說(shuō)者，其知所以為天下乎!夏、殷、周之衰也，諸侯作而戰(zhàn)伐日行矣。傳數(shù)十王而天下不傾者，紀(jì)綱存焉耳。秦之王天下也，無(wú)分勢(shì)于諸侯，聚兵而焚之，傳二世而天下傾者，紀(jì)綱亡焉耳。是故四支雖無(wú)故，不足恃也，脈而已矣;四海雖無(wú)事，不足矜也，紀(jì)綱而已矣。憂其所可恃，懼其所可矜，善醫(yī)善計(jì)者，謂之天扶與之。《易》曰：“視履考祥。”善醫(yī)善計(jì)者為之。
翻譯：精通于醫(yī)治的 醫(yī)生，不看別人是胖是瘦，而是觀察他的 脈搏是否正常;善于謀略天下的人，不 看天下是不是安全動(dòng)蕩，而是看他的政治 綱領(lǐng)是不是混亂罷了，謀略天下的人就像醫(yī)生一樣，是安全還是危險(xiǎn)，就像人胖瘦一樣，政治綱領(lǐng)就像人的脈搏一樣。 脈象平穩(wěn)，即使人很瘦也沒(méi)有什么大礙，脈象有問(wèn)題而人很胖，他會(huì)死的。精通這個(gè)道理的人，他的知識(shí)就可以用來(lái)治理天下了!夏、殷、周的衰敗的原因是 諸侯每天都發(fā)起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。傳位數(shù)十代君王而 保全天下不被傾覆的人，政治綱領(lǐng)存在罷了。秦國(guó)稱王于天下，沒(méi)有分封諸侯，聚兵摧毀各個(gè)諸侯，傳位 秦二世被天下人傾覆，是政治綱領(lǐng)失去了。所以四肢即使沒(méi)有病，不足以依賴，脈搏正常才是關(guān)鍵;國(guó)家即使沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)事，不足以自大，政治綱領(lǐng)正常才是關(guān)建。擔(dān)心他所依賴的，恐懼他所自大的，精通醫(yī)術(shù)與善意謀略天下的人，稱之為上天的幫助。《易》說(shuō)：“處于人生艱難跋涉之途的君子，應(yīng)該經(jīng)常檢視自己所走過(guò)的道路，并考察前途可能出現(xiàn)的新情況。”精通醫(yī)術(shù)與善意謀略天下的人就是這么做的。
英譯
On the Treatment of Illness
Han Yu
A good doctor does not treat a patient by looking at his weight, but by observing whether anything is wrong with his pulse. A good strategist does not administer a country by inspecting its safety, but by checking if political guidelines are properly followed. Administering a country is like treating a patient; a country’s safety is like a patient’s weight; political guidelines are like a human’s pulse. If a patient’s pulse is not diseased, then his thinness is not detrimental. However, if his pulse is diseased, although he is fat, he may die. Anyone who is conversant with his principle also knows the principle of administering a country!
Although the wars between the feudal lords erupting every day caused the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties to decline, each had an uninterrupted line of succession for as many as a dozen generations. This is because political guidelines were installed. On the contrary, although all feudal lords were wiped out, the throne of the Qin Dynasty lasted for only two generations before it collapsed. This is all because of its lack of political guidelines. Therefore, even if one’s entire body is fine, there is nothing to be content with, for it is the pulse that is the deciding factor. Even if the whole country is at peace, there is nothing to be complacent over, for it is the political guidelines that play a vital role. If one is worried about what he should be content with or fears what he can be complacent over, he is then a good doctor or a good strategist, and he will then have Heaven’s assistance. The Book of Changes says: “Life is but a journey; watch your footsteps!” That’s exactly the instruction a good doctor or a good strategist is supposed to follow.
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