公共英語二級真題（通用7套）
通過分析真題，考生可以了解到考試的具體要求和命題趨勢，從而有針對性地進行復習。以下是小編整理的公共英語二級真題，歡迎大家分享。
公共英語二級真題 1
第一節(jié)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的.時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
Text 1
M:Jane,are you on a diet?You look thinner than before.
W:Not exactly.The day after I began to diet,I got sick.I stayed in the hospital for the last two weeks and lost five kilos.
1.Why does Jane become thinner?
A.She has been on a diet.
B.She has had an illness.
C.She has exercised a lot.
參考答案：B
Text 2
M:Hi.I need to check out this book.
W:Sure.May I have your card?
M:Okay.
W:Sorry,I’m afraid you have to return one of the five books you’ve already borrowed before you check this one out.
2.Where are the speakers?
A.In a library.
B.In a bookshop.
C.In a classroom.
參考答案：A
Text 3
M:What time is it,Mary?We’ve waited here for about ten minutes.
W:It’s 7:40 now.
M:Oh,our bus is late today.
W:Yes,it should have arrived five minutes ago.
3.What time does the bus usually arrive?
A.7:30.
B.7:35.
C.7:40.
參考答案：B
Text 4
W:Bob,turn off the TV.It’s time for bed.
M:Most of my classmates say they go to bed after nine o’clock.
W:Never mind what time your friends go to bed.I say your bedtime is half past eight.And it’s 8:20 now.
4.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Mother and son.
B.Husband and wife.
C.Teacher and student.
參考答案：A
Text 5
W:Hi Jim.Did you have a nice weekend?
M:Yes,Kate.It was great.I went camping with my friends in the Catskills.
W:Really?How was the weather there?
M:It was very nice.
5.What are the speakers talking about?
A.Kate’s friends.
B.Today’s weather.
C.Jim’s weekend.
參考答案：C
第二節(jié)
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有2至4個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀各個小題；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
Text 6
聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7題。
W:How long have you been having the pain?
M:I first felt it in November last year.
W:Well,you should have come in earlier.Have you changed your eating habits in any way?
M:No,not really.
W:Is there a certain type of food that would cause stronger pain than other types?
M:Hmm.Heavy foods like steak or cheese usually bring it on.
W:I see.What about if I touch here,does it hurt?
M:Ouch!It does hurt.What do you think it is?
W:I’m not sure.We need to take an X-ray to see if anything is wrong.
M:Okay.
6.What does the woman do?
A.She’s a doctor.
B.She’s a waitress.
C.She’s a teacher.
參考答案：A
7.What is the man going to do?
A.Give up his unhealthy diet.
B.Have a further examination.
C.Go on sick leave from work.
參考答案：B
Text 7
聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10題。
W:Hi Peter.Have you been in London long?
M:Hi Maggie.I got here last Friday.It’s about a week now.
W:I just arrived.What’s the hotel like?
M:It’s okay.Not perfect,but for this price,not bad.
W:Why?What’s the matter with it?
M:Well,the heating doesn’t always work.And it was freezing in here yesterday.Breakfast is very early in the morning.Today I overslept and missed it completely.
W:You overslept?Why was that?
M:Well,there’s a man with a boy staying next door.They’ve been here for three days now,and the boy is really noisy.I didn’t get any sleep.
W:Oh no.Well,I don’t know what we can do about the breakfast or other guests.But why don’t you ask the hotel to look at the heating?
M:Hmm.Good idea.I’ll talk to them about it right now.
8.How long has Peter been in London?
A.One day.
B.Three days.
C.About a week.
參考答案：C
9.What does Peter say about the hotel?
A.It’s not large but warm.
B.It’s not so good but cheap.
C.It’s not convenient but quiet.
參考答案：B
10.What is Peter going to do next?
A.Get something to eat.
B.Ask for another room.
C.Have the heating fixed.
參考答案：C
Text 8
聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13題。
W:Do you know Nat King Cole?
M:You mean the pop singer?Yeah.What about him?
W:In his song“Smile”,he tells people to smile through heartbreak.But now,research suggests that false happiness may just make things worse.
M:Really?Tell me more about it.
W:Researchers took pictures of bus drivers and then looked into the expressions on their faces.
M:They did?What happened then?
W:After following the drivers closely,researchers found that the drivers had to force a smile at work.They felt so bad that they wanted to give up their jobs.
M:I never imagined it could be so serious.Why is that?
W:The report says when people try to hold back bad feelings,it turns out that the feelings become even stronger and last longer.
M:Look at my face.Do I smile a real smile?
11.Who is Nat King Cole?
A.A pop singer.
B.A researcher.
C.A bus driver.
參考答案：A
12.What did the researchers study about bus drivers?
A.Their health problems.
B.Their facial expressions.
C.Their working condition.
參考答案：B
13.What is proved harmful to the bus drivers’health?
A.Working overtime.
B.Bad thoughts.
C.Forced smiles.
參考答案：C
Text 9
聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第17題。
W:Professor Brown,which do you prefer,writing or teacher training?
M:Well,I enjoy both very much.In fact,I wouldn’t want to give up either.These days most of my time is spent on writing.I go to the university just two half days a week to work with graduate students.
W:What plans do you have for the future?
M:Now that we have completed a textbook and its new CD program,we plan to develop more textbooks for other markets.People sometimes say to me,“You work too hard.”The truth is I enjoy what I do,and I don’t consider it to be work.
W:What do you like to do that’s not education related?
M:I like playing the piano.I’m fortunate to have been born with the ability to play the piano by ear.If I remember a music piece,I can play it.I’m not sure how I do it,but I’ve had that ability since the age of twelve.I took music lessons from the age of six.I also write music.Although I’m a language teacher,I can’t write words to songs.I have to turn to others for the words.Actually,I have more confidence in my book-writing ability than my song-writing ability.
14.What has Professor Brown been busy with these days?
A.Training teachers.
B.Teaching students.
C.Writing textbooks.
參考答案：C
15.What does Professor Brown think about what he does?
A.It is enjoyable.
B.It is hard work.
C.It is important.
參考答案：A
16.At what age did Professor Brown start to learn music?
A.Three.
B.Six.
C.Twelve.
參考答案：B
17.What is Professor Brown good at in terms of music?
A.Playing the piano.
B.Writing words to songs.
C.Remembering music pieces.
參考答案：C
Text 10
聽下面一段獨白，回答第18至第20題。
Our listener question this week comes from Australia.Jeff Bailey has been listening to our program since 2004.And he wants to know more about coal-mining in the United States.The United States produces about half of its electric power from coal.America is the second-largest producer of coal after China.Coal is mined in half the states,but Wyoming mines the most,followed by West Virginia,Kentucky,and Pennsylvania.The United States gets about two-thirds of its coal from surface mining rather than underground mining.Surface mining is the name for the different methods that are used to remove coal that is less than sixty meters underground.The United States has about 87,000 coal miners.The jobs pay well,especially for the poor areas where mines are often found.However,the jobs can also be dangerous.The government says more than 100,000 coal miners lost their lives in the past century.
18.What is the speaker doing?
A.Hosting a radio program.
B.Conducting an interview.
C.Reporting a piece of news.
參考答案：A
19.Which country is the largest coal producer in the world?
A.Australia.
B.The US.
C.China.
參考答案：C
20.What do we know about coal-mining jobs in America?
A.They’re boring.
B.They’re dangerous.
C.They’re poorly paid.
參考答案：B
公共英語二級真題 2
【翻譯參考】
Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）.
With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables andtemping cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers markets are a feast for the senses. They also providean opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economand pick up fresh seasonal produce-all at the same timt .
Farmers markets are usualy weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers oproducers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or reqularity of markets can vary from season toseason, depending on the areas agricultural calendar, and youre likely to find different produce on sale atdifferent times of the year.By cutting out the middleman, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.
Shoppers also benefit fronseeing exactly where -and to who- their money is going.
【參考答案】
在咖啡和新鮮面包的香氣中飄動，攤位上陳列著五顏六色的蔬菜和誘人的奶酪，以 及友好聊天的喧囂聲，農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是一場感官的盛宴。它們不僅提供了與種植或飼養(yǎng)你食 物的人交流的機會，支持當?shù)亟?jīng)濟，還能同時購買新鮮的季節(jié)性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。
農(nóng)貿(mào)市場通常是每周或每月的定期活動，往往有戶外攤位，使農(nóng)民或生產(chǎn)者能夠直 接向顧客銷售他們的食物。市場的`規(guī)�；蝾l率可能會因季節(jié)而異，取決于該地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè) 日歷，你可能會在一年中的不同時間找到不同的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出售。購物者還可以從中受益， 確切地了解他們的錢去了哪里以及給了誰。
【小作文】
Directions:
Suppose you and your friend Jack will do a survey on the protection of old houses in an ancient town. You should
1）put forward a plan and
2）ask for opinion.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
【參考范文】
Dear Jack，
We are embarking on a survey about the preservation of old houses. This survey is not just a mere academic exercise; it is a heartfelt plea for the preservation of our cultural heritage.
I am writing this letter to propose a plan and ask for your opinion.
I intend to conduct a survey through an online questionnaire, which will be distributed to participants across the country. The questionnaire includes questions about，firstly, the current condition of old houses in their community, secondly the primary factors contributing to their deterioration,and thirdly measures taken by local governments to preserve old houses.
If you are so kind as to provide me some suggestions about the methodology of the survey, I will be greatly obliged. I am looking forward to doing the survey with you to guard our cultural heritage.
Your sincerely,
Li Ming
【大作文參考】
Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below.ln your writing.you should
1 )interpret the chart,and
1) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)
【參考范文】
The chart given above reflects a survey on the main gains of students in labor practice courses at a certain university. According to the data,improving hands-on ability takes a lion’s share, accounting for 84.80%, while that of learning relevant knowledge occupies a comparatively large proportion, taking 91.30%. The end of enhancing collaborating skills and feeling relieved take away 32.60%, and 54.40% respectively.
Why college students are beneficial from these practical courses,especially improving their hands-on capability? There are generally several factors accounting for it. The first one is the authorities have issued a series of preferential policies to protect and promote the development of educating industry, which encourages a widespread emergence of practical courses regarding labor that can provide youngsters with more practical ability. In addition, it must be pointed out that people’s idea toward labor practice courses have undergone some radical changes in recent years. In the past, people used to pay attention to theoretical knowledge, but now they are willing to improve their hands-on ability.
The survey highlights the importance of labor practice courses in providing students with valuable real-world experience and professional skills. The results suggest that colleges should continue to invest in these programs to ensure that students are well-prepared for the job market and can make a positive contribution to society
公共英語二級真題 3
【分析解答題】Tea was first introduced to England in the late 1650s, but for a long time, it was only consumed by the royal family and the aristocracy due to its high cost.
【分析解答題】中國是茶的故鄉(xiāng)，也是茶文化的發(fā)源地。
【分析解答題】如今，很多年輕人不再選擇 “穩(wěn)定”的工作，他們更愿意自主創(chuàng)業(yè)。
【填空題】A Frenchman went to a small Italian town and was staying with his wife at the best hotel therE. One night, he went out for a walk alonE. It was late and the small street was dark and quiet. Suddenly he felt someone behind him. He turned his head and saw an Italian young man who quickly walked past him. The man was nearly out of sight when the Frenchman suddenly found that his watch was gonE. He thought that it must be the Italian who had taken his watch. He decided to follow him and get back the watch.
Soon the Frenchman caught up with the Italian. Neither of them understood the others languagE. The Frenchman frightened the Italian with his fist and pointed at the Italian’s watch. In the end the Italian gave up his watch to the Frenchman.
When he returned to the hotel, the Frenchman told his wife what had happeneD. He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the tablE. Now he realized that by mistake he had robbed the watch and it was the Italian’s.
(1)The Frenchman went to a small Italian town（）.
A、 alone
B、 with his wife
C、 with his friend
D、 with an Italian
(2)One night he went out for（）alonE.
A、 a ride
B、 a walk
C、 a drink
D、 rest
(3)Suddenly he found his（）was gonE.
A、 watch
B、 money
C、 book
D、 ring
(4)The Italian gave up his watch to him at last because （）.
A、 he had stolen the watch from the Frenchman.
B、 he understood what the Frenchman wanted
C、 he had picked up the watch on his way from work
D、 he was afraid of the Frenchman
(5)Who was robbed of the watch on earth?（）
A、 The Frenchman was.
B、 The Italian was.
C、 Both of them was.
D、 Neither of them was.
【單選題】We should try our best to preserve our natural land so that future generations may also truly immerse themselves（）the experience of its natural beauty.
A、 on
B、 at
C、 for
D、 in
【分析解答題】In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance(文藝復興), Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, and became an extremely wealthy European city.
【分析解答題】But not everybody thinks the American Dream is a positive thing.
【分析解答題】每個中國人都是中國夢的參與者和創(chuàng)造者。
【分析解答題】自古以來，茶就被譽為中華民族的'的“國飲”。
【填空題】Mr. Lang worked in a factory. As a driver, he was busy with driving and dealing with other things but he was paid much. Considering her husband’s hard work, his wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at homE. So he had enough time when he had a holiday. A few friends of his liked gambling and he learned it soon. So he was interested in it and hardly forgot anything except gambling. He lost all his money and later he began to sell the television, watches and so on. His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the policE. He and his friends were punished for it. And he was hardly sent away. After he came out of lockup, he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him.
It was New Years Day. Mr. Lang didnt go to work. He felt lonely and wanted to gamble again. He called his friends and they came soon. But they were afraid the police would comE. He told his five-year-old son to go to find out if there were the policemen outsidE. They waited for a long time and didnt think the police would come and began to gamblE. Suddenly opened the door and in came a few policemen.
“I saw there werent any policemen outside, daddy”, said the boy, “so I went to the crossing and asked some to comE.”
(1)Mr. Lang was paid much because（）.
A、 he was a driver
B、 he worked in a factory
C、 he had a lot of work to do
D、 he had worked there for a long time
(2)Mrs. Lang did all housework because( ).
A、 she couldnt find any work
B、 she thought her husband was tired
C、 her husband spent all time in gambling
D、 she wouldnt stop her husband gambling
(3)（）, so he was put into lockup.
A、 Mr. Lang often gambled
B、 Mr. Lang was late for work
C、 Mr. Lang didnt help his wife at home
D、 Mr. Lang wasnt polite to the police
(4)The woman had to leave Mr. Lang because ( ).
A、 he didnt love her any longer for she told the police his gambling behaviors
B、 he hated gambling and didn’t want to touch it
C、 he had been put into lockup again
D、 he was hardly sent away by the factory and became very poor
(5)Which of the following is right? （）
A、 The boy hoped his father to be put into lockup again.
B、 The boy thought his father needed some policemen.
C、 The boy hoped his father to stop gambling soon.
D、 The boy hoped his mother to come back.
公共英語二級真題 4
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B. C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
You social life is defined as the activities you do with other people, for pleasure,when you are not working. Its important to have a social life, but whats right for one person wont be right for another. Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others, _1_some of us may feel drained, even if its doing something we enjoy.
This is why finding a _2_ in your social life is key. Spending too much time on your own, not _3_ others, can make you feel lonely and _4_ Loneliness is known to impart on your mental health and _5_ a low mood. Anyone can feel lonely at any time. This might be especially true if,_6_ you are working from home and you are_7_on the usual social conversations that happen in an office. Other life changes can _8_ periods of loneliness too, such as retirement changing jobs or becoming a parent.
Its important to recognize these feelings of loneliness .There are ways to _9_ a social life, but it can feel overwhelming _10_ . Its a great ideal to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy. You can them find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet _11_ people.
There are groups aimed at new parents.at those who want to _12_ a new sport for the first time,or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and _13_ ideas.
On the other hand, its _14_ possible to have too much of a social life. If you feel like youre always doing something and there is never any _15_. in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognise when youre feeling like its all too much. Low mood, low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be _17_ of poor social health. Make sure you _18_ some time in your diary when youre _19_ for socialising and use this time to relax _20_ and recover.
1. A. because B. unless C. whereas D.until
2. A. contrast B. balance C. link D.gap
3. A. seeing B. pleasing C. judging D.teaching
4. A. misguided B. surprised C. spoiled D. disconnected
5. A. contribute to B.rely on C.interfere with D.go against
6. A. in fact B. of course C. for example D. on average
7. A. cutting back B. missing out C. breaking in D. looking down
8. A. shorten B. trigger C. follow D.interrupt
9. A. assess B. interpret C. provide D. regain
10. A. at first B.in turn C. on time D.by chance
11. A. far-sightedx B. strong-willed/C. kind-hearted D.like-minded
12. A. try B. promote C. watch D. describe
13. A. test B.share C. accept D. revise
14. A. already B. thus C. also D.only
15. A. list B. order C. space D. boundary
16. A. fatigue B. criticism C.injustice D.dilemma
17. A. sources B. standards C.signs D.scores
18. A. take over B. wipe off C. add up D.mark out
19.A.ungrateful B. unavailable C.responsible D. regretful
20. A. react B. repeat C.retur D. rest
1-5 CBADA
6-10 CBBDA
11-15 DABCC
16-20 ACDBD
Text 1
In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be, Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing, by things getting better, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past," she writes. “An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by
automation, will not be politically sustainable."
Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health care and construction, says Coyle. But people cant be expected to embrace the changes if thcyre not seeing the benefits - if theyre just seeing good jobs being destroyed.
In a recent interview, Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI. “Were talking about disruption," she says.“These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed.” To make such "tremendous changes," she adds, you need social buy-in.
Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.
According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight Amcrican cities that included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all tech jobs by 2019. New AI technologies are particularlyconcentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States.
The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar. Not only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the Al agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.
A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that dont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care most about, like health care,education, and manufacturing.
21. Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should_____.
A. give rise to innovations
B. diversify crer choices
C. benefit people equally
D. be promoted forcefully
22.According to Paragraph 2, digital technologies should be used to __.
A. bring about instant prosperity
B. reduce peoples workload
C. raise overall work efficiency
D. enhance cross-sector cooperation
23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?
A. They may affect work-life balance.
B. They may be impractical to deploy.
C. They may incur huge expenditure.
D. They may be unwelcome to the public.
24. Several American cities are mentioned to show___.
A. the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US
B. the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US
C. the fast progress of US regional economies x
D. the increasing significance of US AI assets
25.With regard to Coyles concern, the author suggests___.
A. raising funds to start new AI projects
B. encouraging collaboration in AI research
C. guarding against the side effects of AI
D. redefining the role of AI technologies
21-25 CCDAD
Text 2
The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood, Confor has warned. The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations. Currently only 20 per cent of the UK’s wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.
Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK govemnment for landowners to grow more trees, the trade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies. "Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now, but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,” said Stuart Goodall, chief executive of Confor. “For decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply, leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall.”
The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor says. While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 per cent. The causes of the UKs current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation of trees by grey squirrels. It also encompasses significant hesitation on behalf of farmers and other landowners to invest in longer-term planting projects.
While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK’s net-zero strategy, the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity. Goodall added:“While food production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance, we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and contribute to net zero.
“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there has been little action on the ground. Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand."
26. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the UK needs to___.
A. increase its domestic wood supply
B.reduce its demand for timber
C. lower its wood production costs
D.lift its control on timber imports
27. According to Confor, the UK governments fresh incentives___.
A. can hardly address a construction crisis
B. are believed to come at a wrong time
C. seem to be misleading for landowners
D. will be too costly to put into practice
28. The UKs exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of___
A. the governments inaction on timber imports
B.inadequate investment in growing wood
C.the competition among timber traders at home
D. wood producers’ motive to maximise profits
29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?
A. Excessive timber consumption in construction.
B. Unfavourable conditions for growing wood.
C. Outdated technologies of the wood industry.
D. Farmers’unwillingness to plant trees.
30.What does Goodall think the UK government should do?
A. Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.
B. Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies.
C.Provide more support for productive tree planting.
D. Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy.
26-30 AABDC
Text 3
One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that its time to turn over the keys. “It’s a complete life-changer” when someone stops - or is forced to stop - driving, said former risk manager Anne M. Menke.
“The American MedicalAssociation advises physicians that ‘in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physicians advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles," Menke wrote. “Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality,” she counseled.
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.“Theres not a NationalInstitute of Older Driver Studies,"she said. “We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe”and what can help, said Dugan.
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study.
Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.
Many older drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to. Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn their heads or remember where they are going - or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.
As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan. Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require too many algorithms, she said. But we need to do more to improve safety, said Dugan. “If were going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”
31. According to Paragraph 1, keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_____.
A. is a new safety measure
B. has become a disputed issue
C. can be a tough task to complete
D. will be beneficial to their health
32. The American Medical Associations advice__.
A. has won support from drivers
B. is generally considered unrealistic
C. is widely dismissed as unnecessary
D. has met with different responses
33. According to Dugan, efforts to keep older drivers safe__.
A. have brought about big changes
B. need to be well coordinated
C. have gained public recognition
D. call for relevant legal support
34. Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to _.
A. stick with bad driving habits
B. have a weakened memory
C.suffer from chronic pains
D. neglect car maintenance
35. Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in___.
A. upgrading self-driving vehicles
B. developing senior-friendly cars
C.renovating transport facilities
D. adjusting the age limit for drivers
31-35 CDBBB
Text 4
lf you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health - and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent rescarch from the Organization for the Review of Care and Ilealth Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.
While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information wc input is collected, safeguarded and shared online.
Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurancecompanics store hcalth records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically docs not receive the same legal protections.
Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users’sensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties.” Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users’ express affirative consent bcfore sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to the data they had obtained.
Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a companys privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm.
While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.
As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. Califoria has been at the forefront of state privacy cfforts with the Califomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.
36. The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show__.
A. the prevalence of health apps
B. the public concem over health
C.the popularity of smartphones
D. the advancement of technology
37. What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?
A. Its coverage needs to be extended.
B. Its enforcement needs strengthening.
C. It has discouraged medical misconduct.
D. It has disappointed insurance companies.
38. Before sharing its users’ health information, Flo Health is required to____.
A. seek the approval of the FTC
B. find qualified third parties
C.remove irrelevant personal data
D. obtain their explicit permission
39. What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?
A. The complexity of health information. ,
B. The rapid increase in new health apps.
C. The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.
D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.
40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection____.
A. has been embraced by health app developers
B. has been a focus of federal policy-making
C.has encountered opposition in Califoria
D. has gained legislative support in some states
36-40 AADBD
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the mumbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There arc two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on thc ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activitics hoping to bolster their chances of admission to a sclective undergraduate institution.
However, college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activities matters more than the number of activitics he or she participates in.
Sue Rexford, the director of college guidance at the CharlesE.Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for a student filling out the Common Application to list 10 activities in the application.
"No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for an extended period of time," Rexford wrote in an email.
Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.
“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer, and so if theyre going to do a popular activity, Id say, be the best at it," says Sara Harberson, a college admissions consultant.
High school students who have an impressivc personal project they are working on independently often impress colleges, experts say.
"For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,"Olivia Valdes, the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm, wrote in an email.
Joseph Adegboyega-Edun, a Maryland high school guidance counsclor, says unconventional extracurricularactivities can help students impress collcge admissions offices, assuming they demonstrated serious commitment. “Again,since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?, having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage," he wrote in an email.
Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college admissions process, especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.
“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity cess be a positive in the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutiong,where having top grades and test scores is not enough," Yatie Kelley, udmissicns counselor at IvyWise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email. “Studens reed to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."
Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial, experts suggest. “If you already know your majss,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus," says Mayghin Levine,/the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House, a Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit community center.
High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.
41.Sue Rexford
42.Sara Harberson
43.Katie Kelley
44.Mayghin Levine
45. Erica Gwyn
A. Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.
B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.
C. Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.
D. A student who exhibits abilities in doing business can impress colleges.
E. High school students participating in a popular activity should excel in it.
F. Engaging in uncommon activities can demonstrate students determination and dedication.
G. It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study at college.
41.C 42.E 43.A 44.G 45.B
Section IIl Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese.Writc your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
With the smell of coffee and frcsh bread floating in the air, stalls bursting with colourful vegetables and tempting checses, and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers’ markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local cconomy and pick up fresh scasonal producc - all at thc same time.
Farmers’markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmcrs or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to scason, depending on the areas agricultural calcndar, and youre likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the ycar. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where - and to who - their money is going.
咖啡和新鮮面包的香味飄蕩在空氣中，攤位上擺滿了五顏六色的蔬菜和誘人的奶酪，還有友好交談的`嘈雜聲，農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是一場感官盛宴。它們還提供了一個與負責種植或飼養(yǎng)你食物的人交談的機會，支持當?shù)亟?jīng)濟，并同時購買新鮮的時令產(chǎn)品。
農(nóng)貿(mào)市場通常是每周或每月舉辦的活動，大多數(shù)都有戶外攤位，允許農(nóng)民或生產(chǎn)者直接向顧客銷售他們的食品。市場的規(guī)�；虺Ｒ�(guī)性可能因季節(jié)和地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)日歷而有所不同，你可能會在一年中的不同時間發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的產(chǎn)品在售。通過省去中間商，農(nóng)民們能為他們的產(chǎn)品獲得更多的利潤。顧客也從中受益，因為他們能夠清楚地看到——以及給誰——他們的錢去了哪里。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old houses in an ancient town. Write him an email to
1) put forward your plan, and
2) ask for his opinion.
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in your email; use "Li Ming” instcad.(10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your cssay, you should
1) describc and interprct the chart, and
2) give your comments.
Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
公共英語二級真題 5
翻譯
With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers’markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce—all at the same time.
Farmers’ markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, whichallow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area’s agricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where—and to who—their money is going.
空氣中彌漫著咖啡和新鮮面包的香味，攤位上擺滿了顏色鮮艷的蔬菜和誘人的奶酪，還有嘰嘰喳喳的友好交談聲，農(nóng)貿(mào)市場就是一場感官盛宴。農(nóng)貿(mào)市場還提供了一個讓你與負責種植或飼養(yǎng)食物的人交談、支持當?shù)亟?jīng)濟、購買到新鮮的時令農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的機會——所有這一切都在同一時間進行。
農(nóng)貿(mào)市場一般是每周或每月舉辦一次的活動，通常設有露天攤位。這些市場允許農(nóng)民或生產(chǎn)者直接向顧客出售食品。農(nóng)貿(mào)市場的規(guī)�；蛑芷跁蚣竟�(jié)而異，這取決于當?shù)氐?農(nóng)歷。你很可能在一年的不同時期發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在出售。由于省去了中間環(huán)節(jié)，農(nóng)民可以從農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中獲得更多利潤。購物者也能清楚地知道自己的錢花在哪，給了誰。
寫作
Directions:
Suppose you and your friend Jack will do a survey on the protection of old houses in anancienttown.You should
1)put forward a plan and
2)ask for opinion.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name.Use“Li Ming”instead(10 points)
【參考范文】
Dear Jack,
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing this letter to share with you my plan for our research on the preservation of old houses.
There are two main aspects that come to mind. Firstly, we can consult relevant ancient books in the local library to understand the historical knowledge of this ancient town and obtain relevant information about the protection of buildings. Secondly, we should visit the local or surrounding residents to have a deep understanding of the current protection status of ancient buildings.
To collaborate on this project, your insights would be invaluable in shaping the survey questionnaire and determining the best approach for data collection. Could we schedule a time to discuss this further?
I look forward to hearing your thoughts.
Best regards,
Li Ming
公共英語二級真題 6
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards，from(31) ___praise to cold cash，affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists，(32) ___research the relation(33) ___actions and their consequences argue that rewards Can improve performance at work and school.Cognitive researchers，who study various aspects of mental life，maintain(34) ___rewards often destroy creativity(35) ___encouraging dependence(36) ___approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters，especially(37) ___educators.But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks(38) ___in grade-school children，suggesting(39) ___properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness，(40) ___to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy.
“If kids know they’re working for a(41) ___and can focus(42)——a relatively challenging task，they show the most creativity”，says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But it’S easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for(43) ___performance or creating too (44) ___anticipation for re—wards.”
A teacher(45) ___continually draws attention to rewards or who hands(46) ___high grades for ordinary achievement ends up(47) ___ddiscouraged students，Eisenberger holds.(48) ___an example of the latter point，he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing(49) ___.In earlier grades，the use of so—called token economies，in(50) ___students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards，shows promise in raising effort and creativity，the Dela—ware psychologist claims.
答案及解析
參考譯文
對于像熱情的贊揚及冰冷的現(xiàn)金等外部獎勵怎樣影響人的動力和創(chuàng)造力，心理學家們有不同的觀點。研究行為和結果的行為學家說獎勵可以改善工作和學習的表現(xiàn)。而研究精神生活的認知研究者們則堅持獎勵經(jīng)常會助長人們依賴他人的認可和禮物而毀掉創(chuàng)造力。
后一種觀點得到了很多支持者，尤其是教育者們。但是，謹慎地使用小額的金錢作為獎勵會激起分級學校里孩子們的創(chuàng)造力，恰當?shù)拇碳の锎_實有助于增強創(chuàng)造力，這是根據(jù)《個性與社會心理》雜志的6月刊中的.一項研究得出的結論。
“如果孩子知道他們會得到獎勵并可以集中于一項相對有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務，他們就會顯示
出最大的創(chuàng)造力來，”紐瓦克·特拉華大學的羅伯特·艾森伯格說，“但是，如果表現(xiàn)不好也有獎勵或者是對獎勵的期望過高，也會扼殺創(chuàng)造力。”
艾森伯格認為，不斷強調(diào)獎勵或給平常成績的學生打高分的老師，最終會使學生氣餒。作為后一種觀點的例子，他注意到著名大學加強評分標準，并恢復不及格的分數(shù)所帶來的不斷增強的影響力。
在低年級里使用所謂的貨幣經(jīng)濟，讓學生解決有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，根據(jù)表現(xiàn)得分，并最后重視獎勵，會提高其努力程度和創(chuàng)造力，這位特拉華的心理學家說。
公共英語二級真題 7
Martin Luther King. Jr. was born in Georgia in 1929. when was 16 a boy Martin learned that his 17 ， the black Americans， were 18 treated differently from most of 19 fellow Americans. Many could not attend good schools， 20 good jobs， or live in nice houses because of the color of their 21 。 Martin knew that in a free country this was 22 。 He wanted to help his black brothers， 23 he decided to go to school and 24 a minister. He became a pastor (牧師)in Montgomery， Alabama 。 This is 25 Martin Luther King‘s “peaceful fight” first began.
Dr. King worked 26 equality in other cities. He knew that the 27 way people could win their rights was to remain peaceful， 28 in face of danger. Dr. King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his achievements and 29 。
The whole nation 30 the terrible event that 31 on April 4， 1968， in Memphis， Tennessee. Martin Luther King， Jr， was 32 。 The man who had preached (倡導) nonviolence (非暴力) died 33 。
But Dr. King’s dream can never 34 。 Many Americans are still 35 to make that dream come true.
16. A. already B. still C. such D. not
17. A. family B. friends C. people D. country
18. A. much B. sometimes C. seldom D. often
19. A. his B. those C. most D. their
20. A. get B. look for C. having D. to do
21. A. faces B. skin C. bodies D. people
22. A. even worse B. different C. wrong D. reasonable
23. A. as B. because C. so D. but
24. A. helped B. ask C. visited D. become
25. A. where B. why C. said D. because
26. A. with B. in C. by D. for
27. A. only B. other C. wrong D. second
28. A. except B. even C. if D. not
29. A. honor B. victory C. courage D. strength
30. A. discouraged B. saw C. mourned D. rebelled
31. A. passed B. he did C. happened D. they managed
32. A. defeated B. shot C. caught D. put into prison
33. A. bravely B. violently C. quietly D. nonviolently
34. A. die B. be believed C. realize D. fail
35. A. wanted B. working C. prepared D. struggling
答案：BCDDA BCCDA DABCC CBBAD
B
In ancient(古代) time the most important examinations were spoken， not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome ， testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages， students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study of t
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