句子次要成分：表語／定語／狀語／補語
一、表語
系動詞后面的部分叫表語。作表語的典型詞類是形容詞，此外，名詞、數詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、從句也都可等充當表語。系動詞與表語共同構成謂語，來說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質等。
練習 請找出下列句子的表語并指出表語是由什么來充當
（名詞、數詞、形容詞、介詞，不定式，分詞，還是從句）。
1. My wallet is on the desk.
2. The book isn't mine. '
3. The leaves turn yellow in fall.
4. He has become a police officer.
5. My suggestion 'is戶 that=we should start at once.
6. My suggestion is to-leave at once.
7. His speech was boring.
8. The whole class got excited at the good news.
二、定語
定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞，起限定作用的；作定語的典型詞類是形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞和定語從句，此外，數詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞也可作定語。定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但下列情況要位于所修飾的名詞之后：
(1)形容詞修飾不定代詞時；(2)短語或從句作定語時還有其它形式等。
練習請找出下列句子的定語并指出定語是由什么充當
（形容詞、形容詞性代詞、數詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語從句）。
1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.
2. The wallet on the desk is mine.
3. The demanding boss wasn't satisfied with my work.
4. That building being repaired is our library.
5. He is one of the students that have been late.
6. The excited boys burst into cheers.
7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work.
三、狀語
狀語是用來修飾動詞、形容詞或者副詞，表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義的。作狀語的典型詞類是副詞和狀語從句，此外，介詞短語、不定式、分詞等也可作狀語。單個副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。
練習請找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀語是由什么充當
（副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句）。
1. He did his homework carefully at home.
2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday
3. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.
4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.
5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience.
6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.
四、補足語
補充說明主語的稱為主語補足語；補充說明賓語的稱為賓語補足語。作補語的典型詞類是形容詞，此外，名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞等也可作補語。
練習 請找出下列句子的賓語補足語并指出它是由什么充當
（名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞）)
1. They elected John monitor.
2. He treated his mistake as a joke.
3. We heard her singing a song.
4. He told me to make my own decision.
5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.
6. He watched an insect caught by a bird.
【注意】如果把主動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài)，賓語補足語就成了主語補足語。
例如：
He was acknowledged to be the best player．
他被公認為是最佳選手。（不定式作主語補足語）
即時練習
把句中的從句劃出來并說明其在句子中充當的成分，把整個句子翻譯成中文。
1. Space and oceans are the new worlds which scientists are trying to explore.
2. That is why the computer can be made to store information.
3. The pressure changes each time the temperature is adjusted.
4., The day will come when man can make better use of the sun’ s energy.
5. We consider it necessary that a plan should be made before doing a work.
6. We study hard so that we may be better able to serve the people.
7. They are trying to discover what caused the accident.
8. It is true that we haven't yet succeeded in the experiment.
一、表語
1. on the desk．介詞短語
2. mine名詞性物主代詞
3. yellow形容詞
4. a police officer名詞
5. that we should start at once．表語從句
6. to leave at once不定式短語
7. boring現在分詞
8. excited過去分詞
二、定語
1. beautiful形容詞；many，數詞
2. on the desk介詞短語
3. demanding現在分詞；my形容詞性代詞
4. being repaired現在分詞短語；our形容詞性代詞
5. one數詞；that have been late定語從句
6. .excited過去分詞
7. woman名詞；good形容詞
三、狀語
1. carefully副詞；at home介詞詞組
2. to do some shopping不定式作目的狀語；on Sunday介詞短語 表時間
3. When I grow up，時間狀語從句
4. Feeling tired現在分詞短語表原因；without supper介詞短語 表方式
5. due to his lack of patience介詞短語表原因
6. Brought up in the country過去分詞短語表原因
四、補語
1.' monitor名詞
2. as a joke，介詞詞組
3. singing a song現在分詞短語
4. to make my own decision動詞不定式
5. wrong形容詞
6. caught by a bird過去分詞短語
即時練習
1. which scientists are trying to explore.（定語從句）
太空和海洋是科學家正在努力探索的新世界。
2. why the computer can be made to store information.（表語從句）
那就是電腦可以儲存信息的原因。
2. each time the temperature is adjusted（時間狀語從句）
每次氣溫調節(jié)，氣壓都會改變。
4. when man can make better use of the sun's energy（定語從句）
總有一天人類能更好地利用太陽能。
5. that a plan should be made before doing a work.（賓語從句）
我們認為有必要在工作前制定計劃。
6. so that' we may be better able to serve the people（目的狀語從句）
為了能更好為人民服務，我們努力學習。
7. what caused the accident（賓語從句）他們正試圖發(fā)現事故的起因。
8. that we haven't yet succeeded in the experiment（主語從句）
我們的實驗尚未成功，這是事實。