初中英語句型分類雙重被動句應(yīng)用的知識點

　　句型［主語+被動式謂語+被動不定式+其他］

　　1.The date is expected to be announced soon.

　　2.The gate was ordered to be closed at nine o'clock.

　　3.The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.

　　4.These arms are supposed to have been used by partisans during the anti-Japanese war.

　　5.The task is reported to have been completed yesterday.

　　6.The instruments are supposed to be used only by skilled workers.

　　[注] H. W. Fowler 說過，雙重被動式，從文體學(xué)觀點來看是應(yīng)該盡量避免，因為從表面看來容易為類似的假象所混淆。如：(錯) The house was begun to be built. 不是房子開始而是房子的建造開始。下列動詞不適宜于本句型：attempt, decide, promise, seek, begin, hope, intend, propose, purpose, threaten等。

　　不可說：The work was attempted to be done quickly. 應(yīng)當(dāng)說：An attempt was made to do the work quickly.

　　不可說：He has been decided to be helped. 應(yīng)當(dāng)說：It has been decided to help him. It has been decided that he should be helped.

　　[附注]主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)互相轉(zhuǎn)換時應(yīng)注意的幾點事項。

　　1）基本轉(zhuǎn)換公式：省略。

　　2）轉(zhuǎn)換時一般不得變更動詞的時態(tài)。另下列各時式不能用于被動句中。

　　1. 將來進(jìn)行時 2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 3. 將來完成進(jìn)行時 4. 過去完成進(jìn)行時

　　3）被動句中by后接 us, you, them, one時，by短語可以省略。

　　4）祈使句中使用被動式謂語很少見，以下各句可說是例外：Please be seated. Be trusted rather than feared.

　　一般情況使用let幫助構(gòu)成祈使句的被動語態(tài)。

　　Do one thing at a time. →Let one thing be done at a time. Give him something to eat. →Let something to eat be given (to) him. /→Let him be given something to eat.

　　5）在下列情況下，主動句不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句。

　　1. 由于賓語的性質(zhì)不用被動句：

　　A. 當(dāng)賓語是缺乏實義的代詞it時，不能變，如：walk it, go it, fight it out

　　B. 當(dāng)賓語為反身代詞時，不能變，如: (錯) Himself was absented by him.

　　C. 賓語前若有主語的物主代詞時，不能變，如: (錯) His finger is cut by him.

　　D. 當(dāng)賓語是each other或one another時不能變，如: (錯) Each other is helped by us.

　　E. 當(dāng)賓語是不定式時，很少轉(zhuǎn)用于被動句。不宜說：To go is wanted by me或It is wanted by me to go.

　　2. 由于某些動詞的性質(zhì)不用被動句, 這類動詞有：become, befit, fail, last, resemble, suit, suffice, wish, disappear, lack want, like, hate, possess, own, contain, have, happen to, belong to, break out, take place, set sail, shake hands with, take part in等。

　　3. 當(dāng)某些動賓關(guān)系十分緊密不可分割時不能變被動句。這種組合中的賓語大多表示工具、方式或結(jié)果，如：She leaned her elbows on the table. He kept silence. He took (made) a flight. The boy did not lose heart. Nydia bowed her gratitude.

　　4. 容易發(fā)生歧義的句子最好不用被動句，如：The tall doctor shook his head.

　　6) 有些被動句不能變成主動句，如：He was killed in war. It is said that he is ill.

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