紅頭發的人最怕疼趣味科研雙語美文

　　麻醉師在手術臺上看到風情萬種的紅發女郎，不得不先問一句：“染過發嗎?”因為，紅頭發的人更怕疼。

　　Redheads may actually have another trait that makes them stand out--sensitivity to pain, specialists reported.

　　專家們說，紅頭發的人也許還有一個使他們卓然于群的特征——敏銳的痛感。

　　People with natural red hair need about 20 percent more anesthesia than people with other hair colors, they told a meeting of anesthesiologists. The unexpected finding not only suggests that redheads are more sensitive to pain, but offers insights into how anesthesia works in people.

　　他們在一次麻醉學專家會議上說，天然紅發的人需要的麻醉劑量要比其他發色的人多20%。這一意外發現不僅意味著紅頭發的人對痛楚更敏感，而且讓人們對麻醉劑對人的.作用有了更多的了解。

　　"Red hair is the first visible human trait, or phenotype, that is linked to anesthetic requirement," Dr. Edwin Liem of the University of Louisville in Kentucky said in a statement. "In a nutshell(簡單地說，簡而言之), redheads are likely to experience more pain from a given stimulus and therefore require more anesthesia to alleviate that pain." Liem said the finding is important news for specialists who monitor patients during surgery. "The art and science of anesthesiology is choosing the right dose," he said. "There is very little difference between the effective dose and the toxic dose of most anesthetics. Patients can awaken during surgery if they are given insufficient anesthesia or suffer cardiac and pulmonary complications when they are given too much."

　　“紅發是第一個與麻醉劑量發生關聯的可見人體特性或稱顯型，”肯塔基州路易斯維爾大學的埃德溫·列姆博士在報告中說。“簡單地說，在給定的刺激條件下，紅頭發的人會有更強的痛感，因此需要更多的麻醉劑來減輕痛苦。”列姆認為這一發現對負責在手術過程中監控患者狀況的專科醫生來說十分重要。“麻醉學的奧妙在于選擇合適的劑量，”他說。“大多數麻醉劑的有效劑量和中毒劑量之間只有細微的差別。如果劑量不足，患者會在手術過程中醒來，而過多的麻醉劑會引起心肺并發癥。”

　　Scientists do not fully understand how anesthesia works, but the findings offers clues, as people with red hair have a certain genetic variant.

　　科學家們還不完全了解麻醉劑的作用機理，而這一發現為此提供了線索，因為紅頭發的人具有一種特定的遺傳性變型。

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