【知識網(wǎng)絡】
一、重點詞匯與短語
1．a(chǎn)dd用法小結(jié)：
（1）的基本意思是“增加、添加，加上”，一般作及物動詞，后接名詞、數(shù)詞等作賓語。例如：
Add more hot water to the soup – it is too salty. 在湯里多加點熱水 – 太咸了。
Add a few more names of laborers to the list.
名單上再加上幾個工人的名字。
（2）表示“加；加起來”的意思。
例如：
If you add 4 to 3， you get 7. 四加三得七。
Add up these figures, please. 請把這些數(shù)字加起來。
（3）表示“補充說； 又說”。
例如：
I should add that we are very pleased. 我要補充的是我們非常高興。
I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.
我還要補充說一下,我們對測試結(jié)果表示滿意。
（4）常用短語：
●add something to something: add fuel to the fire: 火上澆油
●add up/together: 加算；合計He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up/together all the weights.
他把每一塊石頭的重量記下來，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
The various facts in their report just don't add up.
他們報告中的各方面材料根本串不起來。
●add to: 增加
Our coming added to your trouble. 我們的到來給你們增加了麻煩。
●add up to：總計達到…，總和為…，總數(shù)達…：
His debts added up to 40,000 dollars. 他的債務總計達到40，000美圓。
2．remind用法小結(jié)：remind作為及物動詞，常與of, to infinitive, that連用，意思是“使想起；使記起；提醒”。
例如：
Remind me to write to Mother. (后接somebody to do something )
提醒我給媽媽寫信。
This reminds me of last year. (后接somebody + of + something)
這使我想起去年的事。
In case I forget, please remind me about it. （后接somebody + about + something）
請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌拢悦馕彝洝?/p>
He reminded me that I had done it before. （后接that從句）
他使我想起我以前做過了。
3．wonder用法小結(jié)：
（1）wonder既可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞使用。常與at, that連用，意思是“覺得奇怪；驚奇；納悶；想知道”。
例如：
I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language.
我感到十分驚奇,在英國每個人都說著一種語言。
I wonder at his rudeness. 我對他的粗魯感到奇怪。
He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones.
他很奇怪為什么人們本可以造出漂亮的房屋,而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子來。
He was just wondering how to do it. 他只是想知道怎么做這個。
Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday.
特德不知道為什么警察局要他去,但昨天他去了。
I wonder why James is always late for school.
我想知道為什么詹姆斯上學總是遲到。
（2）wonder還可以作名詞，意思是“驚奇；驚嘆；奇觀；壯舉；奇才”。
例如：
The boy looked at the stranger in wonder.
那個男孩驚奇地看著那個陌生人。
They were filled with wonder when they saw the spaceship.
當他們看到宇宙飛船時，他們非常驚奇。
He has visited the seven wonders of the world. 世界七大奇觀他都參觀過了。
He's a wonder. 他是個奇才。
（3）習慣用語：
● It's a wonder：難得；奇怪的是
It's a wonder you recognized me. 難得你還認得我。
● (It's) no wonder 難怪；并不奇怪；當然
No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.
難怪他不餓，他整天在吃糖果。
二、詞義辨析
1．last, latest 與newest的區(qū)別：
（1）last表示“最后的，剛剛過去的；緊接前面的”，強調(diào)順序。
例如：
She was the last to arrive. 她是最后到的。
He was the very last to leave the office. 他是最后一個離開辦公室的。
He would be the last man to do such foolish things. 他決不會干這種蠢事。
He won the last election. 上次選舉他獲勝了。
（2）latest意思是“最新的，最晚的，最近的”。
例如：
Everyone wants to read the latest news, no one wants yesterday’s newspaper.
人人都想讀到最新的消息，沒有人想要讀昨天的報紙。
（3）newest表示“最新的”，它是與舊“old”相對的。
例如：
The man put on his newest clothes to attend the party.
那個人穿上最新的衣服去參加晚會。
2．whatever 與no matter what的區(qū)別：
兩者都表示“無論什么，”但是在用法上有所區(qū)別：whatever既可以引導讓步狀語從句，又可以引導名詞性從句；而no matter what只能引導讓步狀語從句。
例如：
No matter what you say, I’ll still do it alone. （讓步狀語從句）
=Whatever you say, I’ll still do it alone. （讓步狀語從句）
無論你們說什么，我還是要自己做這件事。
Whatever we said, he'd disagree. （讓步狀語從句）
College students are seen doing whatever work they can find. （賓語從句）
我們可以看到,只要有工作,大學生們什么都干。
Do whatever she tells you and you'll have peace. （賓語從句）
她叫你干什么你就干什么,那你就太平了。
Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool. （讓步狀語從句）
不管發(fā)生什么事,頭等重要的是保持冷靜。
You may do whatever you want to do. （賓語從句）
無論你想做什么事，你都可以做。
Whatever we do is our own business. （主語從句）
無論我們做什么，那是我們自己的事。
三、重點句型
1．Cellphones, or mobile phones, make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere.
此句中，動詞make為使役動詞，后面接復合賓語，此句的it為形式賓語。
再如：
We found it important to complete our task on time.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)按時完成任務很重要。
2．I don’t dare to use the phones in school, because they will take it away from me.
此句中的dare為行為動詞，后面要接帶to的不定式，但在口語中，有時to也省略；dare如果作情態(tài)動詞，則后面一定直接接動詞原形，且無人稱、數(shù)、格的變化。
例如：
He dare not drive the care on expressways, as all the other cars are going so fast. （情態(tài)動詞，注意其形式）
他不敢在高速公路上開車，因為所有其它的車都跑得那么快。
I didn’t dare (to) do it in class because the teacher might scold me. （及物動詞，注意to的問題）
我不敢在課上做這件事，因為老師會訓我。
3．Some parents worry that their children will spend too much time and money on phone calls.
此句的worry后面接賓語從句。Worry后面還可以接about 構(gòu)成詞組，表示“對…擔心”，強調(diào)動作；另外，詞組be worried about 也表示“對…擔心”，強調(diào)狀態(tài)。
再如：
Where have you been? We’ve been worried about you.
你去哪兒了？我們一直都在為你擔心。
Parents always worry about their children.
父母總是為自己的孩子擔心。
【考點透視 考例精析】
[考點] 考查謂語動詞被動語態(tài)的用法。
[考例1] --Have you moved into the new house?
--Not, yet, the rooms _______________.
A．a(chǎn)re being painted B．a(chǎn)re painting
C．a(chǎn)re painted D．a(chǎn)re being painting
[解析] Ａ 本句的意思是“因為新房子正在粉刷，所以我還沒有搬進去”。用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。
[拓展] 除了現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)，過去進行時的被動語態(tài)也是值得注意的一點。
例如：
The lost children were last seen playing by the side of the river.
最后有人看見那些失蹤的孩子在河邊玩。
[考點] 介詞短語的語義辨析。
[考例2] I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ___________.
A．a(chǎn)t last B．in case C．once again D．in time
[解析] Ｂ 本句前面的分句已經(jīng)說明“主語認為自己不需要錢”，所以but后的分句說明“帶上點錢以防萬一”。
[拓展] in case與in case of的用法要注意。再如：
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
隨手帶把傘以防天下雨。
In case of danger he was always standing in front of me.
在危機時刻他總是站在我前面。
In case of fire, you should always stay calm.
在發(fā)生火災的時候，你應該總是保持鎮(zhèn)定。
[考點] 考查turn構(gòu)成的詞組的用法。
[考例3] The children are always _________ practicing playing football when they have PE lessons.
A．taking turns B．by turns C．in turns D．a(chǎn)t turns
[解析] Ａ 本句的空白處缺少謂語。因而用take turns doing something結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“輪流做某事”；by turns和in turn都可以表示“輪流做某事”，但都是介詞短語，只能作狀語。
[考點] 考察動詞的時態(tài)。
[考例4] Mr. Smith searched the Internet for nearly two hours before he _________.
A．was decided well B．had made a good decision
C．made a good decision D．has made up his mind
[解析] Ｃ 本句的主句用了一般過去時態(tài)，因此也決定了從句的時態(tài)。排除了B、D項；make up one’s mind意思是“做出決定”，但是時態(tài)不對。
【基礎演練】
一、根據(jù)所給首字母或括號中的漢語意思填寫句子空格中所缺的單詞。
1．As a great scientist, he is famous t___________ the world.
2． Please r________ me of my interview with Mr. Smith again tomorrow.
3．Those small factories are causing a lot of e_____________ pollution with all their noise and smoke.
4． They've r__________ the prices in the shop, so it's a good time to buy.
5． Jane o_________ the party. She a bought the food and drinks and asked people to come .
6． I made an ___________ (約定) to see the doctor yesterday.
7． She is a very ________________(有吸引力的) girl. Everyone likes her.
8． As a reporter, he is very _____________(成功).
9． They took strong _________（措施）against dangerous drivers.
10． The patient was asked to ring the bell in an ____________(緊急情況).
二、單項填空：
1．The coat ________ you well, but I don’t think the color _________ you.
A．dress, suits B．is fit for, fits on C．fits, suits D．is dressed, fits
2．She’s a bit shy and __________ answer teacher’s questions in class.
A．not dare to B．dare not to C．doesn’t dare D．dares not
3．Imagine that you are one of the volunteers __________ the foreigners, what should you do?
A．to choose serving B．choose to serve
C．choosing serving D．chosen to serve
4．Because of human being’s keeping killing, some kinds of animals are __________.
A．in danger of B．endangered C．dangerous D．in endanger
5．Someone called up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _________ I could answer the phone.
A．a(chǎn)s B．since C．until D．before
6．It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ he or she wants.
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever
7．The police found that the house _________ and a lot of things _____________.
A．has broken into, has been stolen B．had broken into, had been stolen
C．has been broken into, stolen D．had been broken into, stolen
8．What surprised me was not what he said but ___________ he said it.
A．in the way B．in the way that C．the way D．the way which
9．Our guests were expected at 8 o’clock, but they didn’t ________ till 8:30.
A．turn on B．turn up C．turn over D．turn down
10．Mr. Li made up his mind to devote all he could _______ his oral English.
A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．to improving
【能力拓展】
閱讀理解：
When a rather dirty, poorly-dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can’t be no question that the world is full of terrible sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars..
Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally(道德方面) right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.
First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil(惡行). Secondly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence..
Related to this in the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people . Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.
It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.
1．What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A．Moral deeds of people. B．Religious activities of the church.
C． Moral goodness of the giver D．Arguments on giving to beggars.
2．What can we infer from the sentence “But has the world changed?” in the second paragraph?
A．People no longer know who was morally right in the past.
B．Some people will not do what was morally right in the past.
C．We don’t meet with those who need help any more.
D．Now it is the government’s duty to help the beggars.
3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars.
B．Some beggars want money to help their children go to school.
C．Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.
D．Some beggars have no excuse for begging.
4．In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion, because ___________.
A. the cases can be so different B. there are so many beggars
C. there is so much money wasted D. there are so many different arguments
參考答案
高一部分
Units 9-10 (B1)
基礎演練
一、1．throughout 2．remind 3．environmental 4．reduced 5．organized 6．a(chǎn)ppointment 7．a(chǎn)ttractive 8．successful 9．measures 10．emergency
二、1-5 CCDBD 6-10 BDCBD
能力拓展
1-4 DBBA
1. D 這是一個主旨題。本篇文章主要討論了是否給乞丐錢的觀點。
2．B 這是一個細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“Maybe what was mortally(道德方面) right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea.”可知答案。
3．B 這是個判斷正誤題。第三段講述了“假裝扮成乞丐”、“用乞討來的錢買毒品”、“沒有行乞的理由”。只有B項（乞討來的錢送孩子去上學）沒有在文章中提到。
4．A 這是一個細節(jié)題。原因在于作者說“there are various cases and we must deal with them differently”。說明作者是想告訴我們情況是各種各樣的。