I．單元教學目標 (技能目標)
talk about volcanoes and the work of volcanologists
practise expressing fear and anxiety
learn the –ing form used as adverbial in a sentence
write about an experience in a nature disaster
II．目標語言
1． 功能句式: expressing fear and anxiety.
I was so excited about what I had done and where I was, I forgot my fear.
I was very worried that…
I was very relieved when…
I was trembling almost as much as the ground under my feet.
I was still terrified.
I was so nervous that my whole body was damp with sweat.
I was so anxious that I couldn’t move for a long time.
I had to force myself not to panic.
Then I got up the courage to …
2.詞匯
四會詞匯：volcano erupt eruption ash hurricane adventure bore excite evaluate unfortunate unfortunately fountain absolute absolutely fantastic crater potential impress precious novelist cancel effort relieve tremble sweat anxiety anxious panic courage typhoon heaven diverse diversity unique bathe swallow guarantee
詞組：compare …with burn to the ground make an effort make one’s way
glance through vary from … to
3. 語法：the –ing form used as adverbial in a sentence
looking carefully at the ground , I made my way to the edge of the crater.
Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
III．教材分析
本單元以the power of nature 為話題，旨在通過本單元教學使學生了解火山爆發(fā)，地震，臺風，洪水，海嘯等自然現(xiàn)象，認識到自然的偉大力量，并會用所學詞匯描述在經(jīng)歷自然災(zāi)害時的感受，思考人類應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害的態(tài)度和方法，提高自我保護意識。
Warming up 通過對火山爆發(fā)示意圖的探討激活學生了解與本單元話題相關(guān)的背景知識，而后通過討論人類應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害的措施引發(fā)學生對本單元話題的思考，激發(fā)學生的求知欲，為隨后進行的聽說讀寫打下基礎(chǔ)。
Pre-reading 通過回答問題測試自己是否適合作火山學家，讓學生了解這一陌生職業(yè)，為閱讀做好準備。
Reading 部分一味火山學家以第一人稱的形式講述了自己的工作及第一次目睹火山爆發(fā)時的情景和心情，描寫了人與自然的斗爭與和諧相處的樂趣，使學生認識到火山是美麗的，
但同時極具破壞力，而火山學家的工作可以減少由火山引發(fā)的損失。
Comprehending 設(shè)計了兩種題型：第一題要求學生在閱讀后發(fā)表對火山學家這一職業(yè)的看法；第二題檢測學生對文章細節(jié)的理解。
Learning about language 分為詞匯和語法兩部分。詞匯部分著重從詞的意義用法和表達方
面對學生學習詞匯給予指導；語法部分學習ing形式在句子中作狀語表原因，時間及結(jié)果。
Using language 以語言實踐為目的，包括四個部分的內(nèi)容。Listening 三位火山學家
講述了他們各自最驚險的一次經(jīng)歷。學生在練習聽力的同時學會描述害怕和緊張的詞匯。
Speaking 是listening 的延續(xù)。要求學生講述自己類似的經(jīng)歷，同時在運用中鞏固單詞。
Reading 介紹了旅游勝地the lake of heaven， 培養(yǎng)學生快速獲取信息的能力。Reading
與writing 屬于同一話題，要求根據(jù)所給信息寫一篇介紹hot springs 的作文。
Sunning up部分要求學生就火山，火山學家，天池，本單元詞語，-ing形式和表達情感的日常交際用語等方面進行自我評價，判定呢感學習情況。
learning tip 部分介紹單詞記憶方法：利用構(gòu)詞法或話題分類記憶單詞；利用圖表，圖片等記憶單詞；隨身攜帶生詞本；多
說多寫。
IV．分課時教案(多媒體教學)
The first period Warming up and pre-reading
1. Warming up
In order to talk about what volcanoes are and how they are formed, students need to learn
Some new words: lava erupt/eruption crater active/dormant/extinct volcanoes
1) Show some pictures of disasters
Ask student to name disasters as much as they know.
Sample answer: cyclone typhoon Hurricane tornado snowstorm landslide
Volcano tsunami earthquake flood hailstorm sandstorm
2) ask them What they feel when they see the power of nature showing in the pictures:
Have you ever experienced one ?
Share you experience and feelings ? (were you frightened and how frightened were you?)
Some expressions tips: scared to death frightened worried
unforgettable unbelievable
3) Have you ever seen a volcano ?
Ask Ss to complete exercise 1 in groups. Then check their answers orally as a whole class.
Ask students to help you make a list of words connected with volcanoes
Discuss with students where in the world active and extinct volcanoes occur.
2. pre-reading
1) Can you tell me who will climb into a live volcano in order to take the temperature
of the boiling rock inside ?
volcanologists--do they take up a crazy job?
2) get the students to answer the six questions in pre-reading to find out whether they will
enjoy working as a volcanologist.
Students could do this activity as a survey by asking others in their class these questions
Or they could do it individually.
3) after they have completed the task, survey the class to find out how many might enjoy
the work of a volcanologist.
their guesses were.
The second period Reading and comprehending
1.First reading
Skinning & skimming
1)Ask students to read through the passage quickly to get a main idea of
the whole passage. Give them a limited time to read the whole passage
in order to encourage them to practice reading for general ideas and to
discourage them from reading word by word
main idea: This passage is a first-person account of a volcanologist’s experiences. The volcanologist described his exciting job and wrote down his first sight of an eruption.
What does a volcanologist do ?( answer in the text )
Then let students do the multiple-choices (見課件)
2)Set Exercise 1 in “comprehending” either as a group or whole-class activity. Explain to students that the purpose of questions like these is to help them develop skills of evaluating a text.
2.Second reading (intensive reading)
Before reading, glance through Exercise 2 on Page35.
Choose some to ask them and check their answers:
1). Why is a volcanologist’s job important ?
Volcanologists study volcanoes so that they can warn people when the volcano
is going to erupt and so save many lives.
2). Why is the lava that flows on Mount Kilauea more dangerous than the actual
eruption ?
The lava flows down the mountain and can cover up or burn villages in its path. the rocks that erupt from the volcano usually don’t damage anything because no one lives the crater.
3). Why was it difficult for the writer to walk towards the edge of the crater ?
The author was wearing special protective clothing that made it difficult
to walk
4). What does the writer find impressive about volcanoes even after studying them for 20 years ?
The author is impressed by the beauty of the eruption and also by its potential to cause great destruction.
3.Third reading (Read again to find more details)
1).what made the author realize that an eruption occurred ?
answer: my bed began shaking
a strange sound
my bedroom became as bright as day
an abosolutely fantastic sight
red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air
2).what did the scientists do after the eruption ?
answer: put on white protective suits, helmets, big boots
dropped as closed as possible to the crater
slowly make our way to the edge of the crater
looked down into the red boiling center
Homework
Spend some time researching one disaster. You can use books, magazines, newspapers
or the Internet. Collect pictures and diagram and look for information about:
what causes this kind of disaster
actrual events that happened in the past in china and/or the rest of the world
how people helped the victims
what is being done to prevent the disarster happening again or to lessen the damage
The third period Language Points
Explain language points in the reading passage.
1. have you ever considered how weak humans are compared with a volcano,
hurricane or earthquake ?
你是否想過， 和火山，颶風或地震相比人類是何等脆弱。
consider 思考, 主要用于：
consider +名詞/-ing形式:
He is considering studying abroad.他正在考慮出國留學。
Consider + wh-:
We considered how we should help them.我們仔細考慮應(yīng)該如何幫助他們。
Consider + 副詞：
Consider carefully before you decide.要慎重考慮后再作決定。
2. Do you enjoy taking risks ?
risk n. 風險，危險：
he was taking a risk by overtaking on a bend. 他在轉(zhuǎn)彎處超車是在冒險。
The house is a fire risk. 這房子有起火的危險
短語聯(lián)想：
at risk 在危險中:
You are at risk if you don’t wear a seat belt. 不系安全帶真的會有危險。
at the risk of 冒……危險：
At the risk of seeming rude, I must refused your request, I’m afraid.
盡管似乎無理，恐怕我還是必須拒絕你的要求。
3.Many houses have been covered with lava or burnt to the ground.
許多房屋被熔巖覆蓋或燒毀。
burn to the ground 指樓等被燒毀。例如：
He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground. 他無處棲身因為他的房子被燒掉了。
短語聯(lián)想：
burn away 燒掉：
The wood had burnt away to nothing. 木頭已燒成灰燼。
burn down (建筑物) 燒毀：
The cinema burnt down last year.電影院去年被燒毀了。
The school was burnt down by vandals.學校被人縱火燒毀了。
Burn off 燒掉：
He was badly injured in the accident, and his hair was burnt off.
他在事故中嚴重受傷，頭發(fā)也被燒掉了。
Burn out 燒壞:
The engine had burnt out. 引擎給燒壞了。
Burn up 燒毀，燃得更亮/旺：
The rocket burnt up when it reentered the earth’s atmosphere.
火箭重入地球大氣層時燒毀。
He put more wood in the fire to make it burn up.
他往火上加木材想讓他燒的更 旺。
4. We slowly made our way to the edge of the crater. 我們慢慢向走
火山口的邊緣。
make one’s way （向某地）走（去）：
She hesitated, but made her way forward. 她猶豫了一下，但向前走去。
She hastily left the room, and made her way to her bed.
他迅速離開房間，朝她床邊走去。
短語比較：
make one’s way 還表示“有出息” ：
If you want to make your way in the world, you must learn to work hard
while you are still young. 你若想要有出息，趁年輕的時候要學會發(fā)奮。
make way (for) 讓路，讓位：
All the traffic has to make way for a fire engine. 所有的車輛都得給救火車讓道。
I shall make way for a younger man .我將把職位讓給更年輕的人。
5. Today , I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. 如今， 我和開始從事這項工作時一樣滿懷熱情。
enthusiastic (about) 感興趣的，熱心的：
She seemed enthusiastic about the idea. 她好像對這個主意很感興趣。
We got an enthusiastic response from our customers.
我們得到了顧客們的熱情反應(yīng)。
6. She made an effort to be nice to her boss.她努力對老板好些。
effort 可用做不可數(shù)名詞，表“力氣”：
It took a lot effort to lift the boxes. 抬起那些箱子要花很大的力氣。
effort 可用做可數(shù)名詞，表“費勁的事” “嘗試”：
It was an effort to get up this morning.今天早晨起床很費勁。
Despite all our efforts, we failed. 盡管我們盡了力，我們還是失敗了。
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事：
He made an effort to arrive on time. 他盡量準時到達。
Homework: finish exercises in “l(fā)earning about language”
The forth period Grammar
Review the usage of –ing form:
1.Write the following pairs of sentences(or other similar ones)on the board.
I was feeling tired. I went to bed early→
feeling tired I went to bed early
I worked hard all day. I went to bed early→
Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
2. Ask student to consider when the action in each pair of sentences happened and
Lead them to understand that in the first pair of sentences, the feeling and the
action are happening at the same time; whereas in the second pair, the working all
day happened before he/she was tired
3.Examine the sentences below and discuss in what way the structures similar to each other and in what way they are different
Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.
Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
Having + past participle (the perfect –ing form) to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb.
4. Read and discuss Exercise 1 in the SB
5. Set Exercise 2. check answers and discuss structures.
6. Set Exercise 3,4 and 5. check answers after each exercise and discuss reasons for
the structures used.
7. 小結(jié)-ing 形式的用法
1) –ing 形式作狀語
用法 例句
時間 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….)在街上走的時候，我遇到了瑪麗。
條件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, ….)向左走，你就會找到那個學校
讓步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I
live, ….)盡管他知道我的住處，但從不來看我。
伴隨 I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.)我站在那兒等她
原因 Being tired , I stopped to take a rest. (= Because I was tired, ….)因為疲倦，我停下來休息。
結(jié)果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在這個地方雨下的如此大，以至引發(fā)了洪災(zāi)。
2) –ing形式的完成式
2) . 使用-ing形式需注意的幾個問題:
.①分詞(短語)作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須
用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the
children to play together我妻子與莎莉談了很長時間，解釋她為什么不想讓
孩子們在一起玩。(現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語my wife做的動作，它
們之間是主動關(guān)系,即explaining的邏輯主語，就是句子的主語my wife 。)
The train having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train邏輯主語 +
having gone 既為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）
②分詞短語做狀語時，前面可以加上連詞或 介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and)，因為并列連詞接的是兩個并列成分，而分詞短語只是全句的一個狀語部分。分詞和主句之間可用逗號。
例如:
誤: Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it.
正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.或
Having been told many times， he still couldn’t understand it.
③-ing的一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動作。在可能引起誤解的場合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動作。
例如:
Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took
out his wallet.)他打開抽屜，拿出錢包。
Coming into the room，he put down his bag. (=he came into the room and put
down his bag.)他走進房間，放下提包。
Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
布朗先生刷過牙，就下樓來吃早飯。 (此句如寫成:Brushing his teeth,
Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“邊刷牙，邊下樓’。
④分詞的否定形式是在分詞短語前面加上 not, never等否定詞構(gòu)成。
例如:
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt.
小孩兒不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指燙了。
Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎
樣找到地鐵，就去找警察幫忙。
The fifth period Listening
Listen to three volcanologists talking about frightening experience in their work life. The texts model ways to express feelings of anxiety and fear.
1. First listening
1) Set Exercise 1. Remind students that they are required only to listen to names
of the three scientists and to try to understand the gist of each recount.
2) check answers. Ask students to recall what happened to each speaker, in
general terms only, they are not expected to remember details at this stage.
2.Second listening
1) This time students will be listening for details. Stop the tape after each speaker
and give students time to write their answers. Check answers before moving to
the next speaker.
2) At this point, you could ask students work in groups of three, each taking the role of one of the volcanologists and recounting the story to others in the group. Before
they start, ask them for some useful expressions to talk about fear and anxiety. Write these
on the board and suggest students use these in their recounts.
Eg: I was very worried that…
I was trembling …
I was still terrified.
I was so nervous that …
I was so anxious that…
3.Third listening
This time the students are listening for a different kind of detail. They must listen
for the expressions listed in Exercise 3 in order to identify who said what. These
sentences model ways of expressing fear and anxiety.
1) Having individual students read the sentences aloud to the class. Ask them to try to recall who said each one. Ask them to write their guesses in their books in
the left-hand margin beside the expressions.
2) Play the tape for students to identify the expressions and record the name of the
speaker in the SB. It may be necessary to play the tape more than once. Check
answers by playing the tape and stopping when one of the expression is heard.
3. Ask students to check how many of their guesses were correct. The aim of this is to build students confidence by showing them how much they had understood even before they consciously listened for these expressions.
4. Ex: speaking
Think of a powerful natural force (such as an earthquake, flood, typhoon, storm) that you have experienced. You can use your imagination if you have not experienced any of these things. Tell your partner about your experience and how you felt. Use expressions from Exercise 3 in listening as well as other words and expressions you and your partner have thought of..
The sixth period Using language
This reading passage is written as though it is from a tour guide. It describes some of
the tourist attractions in Changbaishan in Jilin provinc.
1. Ask students to read the title of the passage and then ask whether they have heard of this lake. Spend a few minutes eliciting students’ prior knowledge about
Changbaishan.
2. Read the questions before reading passage and ask students to read through the passage as quickly as possible.
Changbaishan is the second largest nature reserve in China. (F)
The peak of Changbaishan can reach as high as 2,000 meters. (T)
You can see a lot of black bears, leopards or cranes in Changbaishan. (F)
Tianchi is a lake in the crater of an extinct volcano. (T)
The ancestors of the Manchu people were believed to be good at language and persuasion. (F)
3. Read the questions that appear before the reading passage. As going through each
question discuss which key words are and have students underline them. Point out
that they do not need to understand every word in the passage in order to find the
answers. Instead, they should scan the text quickly looking for underlined keywords in the questions. Once they find a sentence containing a key word, they can read more slowly to see if that sentence contains the answer.
4. Check answers.
5. some explanations:
The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres
and is home to a great diversity of plants and animals.
這里的地面高度從海拔700米到2，000多米不等， 是各種各樣的動植物的生長地。
vary v. 呈現(xiàn)不同 ；改變，變化:
My husband varies the vegetables he plants each year.我的丈夫每年都種不同的蔬菜。
vary from…to… 由…到…不等； 從…變?yōu)椤?:
These fish vary in price from 3 to 5.
這些魚的價格從3鎊到5鎊不等。
Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.
她的情緒由樂觀一變而極為消沉。
variety
(質(zhì)量，種類或特征的)變化：
You need a lot of variety in your diet.
你的膳食要多樣化
種類，品種：
different varieties of bananas
不同品種的香蕉
6. Assign writing task: on page40 in the SB