;: other cases

1 period1 the 1st period

I. Teaching aims:

1．To make Ss grasp other waqys to express unreal conditionals and know how to use them correctly

II. difficult points

1. the phrases and patterns of expressing unreal conditionals

2. how to tell the fact from unreal conditionals and use them correctly

III. teaching methods and aids

1. Deductive method

2. Practice its use through exercise

IV. Teaching Procedures:

Step 1 Revision

1. Revise acronyms

2. Check homework exercises

Step 2 grammar explanation

混合虛擬語氣： 若主句從句所指的時間不一致，即條件從句表示與過去事實相反，主句表示與現在事實相反；或者條件從表示與現在事實相反，主句表真實情況，則從句中應采用與具體時間相對應的虛擬形式。如：

If it had rained last night（過去），it would be very cold today（現在）．

If I had taken your advice（過去），I should have no trouble with the work now（現在）．

* 介詞短語表虛擬 with, without, but for,

But for the storm we should have had a pleasant journey.

Without the teacher’s help, I can’t have made so much progress.

* as if/though引導的從句中，用過去式表示與現在事實不符，用過去完成式表示與過去事實不符；但表可能性極大時用陳述語氣.（It looks/seems as if…）

The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years．

Or/otherwise表虛擬

I’m too busy now, otherwise I would help you do the work

* if only “如果…就好了”,. “要是….就好了”

如果表示對現在的愿望，句中的謂語動詞常用過去式；

如果表示將來的愿望，句中的謂語動詞常用would/could+動詞原形；

如果表示對過去的愿望，句中的謂語動詞常用had+過去分詞。

If only I were you!

If only you had come yesterday!

If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!

* 在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，用過去式表示與現在事實不符，用過去完成式表示與過去事實不符,用would/could加動詞原形,表將來不太可能實現的愿望。如：

I wish that he weren’t so lazy.

I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.

I wish she would change her mind.

* would (had) rather所引起的從句中要求用過去式表示當時或將來的情況，用過去完成時表示過去的情況，表示希望或婉轉的責備。例如：

I would rather （that） you hadn't told him．

I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。

* 在it is time( high time, about time)句型中常用過去式表示虛擬或sb.should do。

It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.現在是我們該結束講座的時候了

* had hoped/ planned/ /wanted/ intended/meant 表示一種過去未曾實現的愿望(過去打算,想要做某事卻實際沒做成),

=hoped/planned/wanted/intended /meant to have done ,后常帶but引導的從句

* would like/love to have done, was/were supposed +have done

* thought/had thought 表‘原以為。。。。”,現在已不這么想了.

I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years, .However, he came back yesterday..

I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

* 情態動詞+have done : should (not)have done (ought to) need (not ) have done

could/might have done

1）should have done表示“本來應該做某事而實際上未做”，而shouldn’t have

done則表示“本不應該做某事而實際上做了”。如：

You should have told me about it earlier.

You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents

（2）ought to have done也表示“本應該……”而ought not to have done則意為“本不應該……”。如：

You ought to have told me about it earlier.

You ought not to have said such words to your parents.

（3）needn’t have done表示“本無必要做某事而實際上做了”。如：

You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough.

4）could have done表示“本來有可能……而事實上未做到”。如：

I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.

*從句用Sb. (should) do 特殊句式表虛擬語氣

* 在表“命令,建議,要求,,安排“等動詞suggest，advise，order，demand，propose，request，require，command，insist等后的賓語從句中，用虛擬語氣（即（Should）+動詞原形）來表示愿望、建議、命令、請求等。如果從句修飾這些動詞的名詞形式(suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice，demand， request， requirement), 該用法仍然成立.

I advise that we should send for Doctor Li.

My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．

That we (should) send for doctor Li is my advice.

They accepted my advice that we (should ) send for Doctor Li.

* 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural that…

It is a pity(a shame, no wonder) that…

It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．

It is a pity that he (should )be so rude to a lady.

* so that (以便 )，for fear that(以免, 唯恐)，in order that (以便)， in case (假使)，從句中加情態動詞，有時should可省略。

他把它藏起來以免她看見。

I'll get some beer in case John should come.

He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate．