Unit13 The water planet知識清單
Speaking
1. benefit n. ______ vt. ______ vi.受益a public benefit_____disability benefit_____
1) be of benefit to the people [U]
for the benefit of…
benefit from…
sth. benefit sb./ sth.
This dictionary will be of great benefit to me.
據說瑜珈對人的身體有好處。It is said Yoga is ________________to human health.
2) Exercise benefits our health
3) We benefit by [from] daily exercises
The plants ____________________ the rain.
4) 新公路對村民有益。 __________________________________.
5) A large sum of money has been raised for the ________ of the poorly-educated children in the mountainous districts.
A. profit B. favour C. advantage D. benefit
6) I had no choice but to review part of my previous lecture _____ those who had been absent from some classes.
A. for the benefit of B. on purpose C. in return for D. in need of
7) If you get up early and run every day, you will _____ a lot from it.
A. profit B. benefit C. deserve D. receive
2. range n. _________ vt_________ vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…_________ vary from …to…
Tempertures here range from 10℃to 30℃
Most of the students are in the 17-20age range. 大多數學生都是在17歲至20歲的年齡范圍。
a range of mountains
a range of pictures
the annual range of temperature
a wide range of knowledge
1) The price of beer _________ from 50cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.
A. changed B. ranged C. separated D. differed
2) The children’s activities out of classroom ________ from watching TV to playing chess.
A. range B. include C. conclude D. change
3. break down 分解; 出故障，失敗，垮掉，破壞，把。。。分類，
引申： break a way (from sb/sth) _____________ break in _____________
break into sth_____________，break off _____________ break out_____________；
break through _____________ break up _____________ break down ______________
61. The fire broke ___ after they had gone home.
A. in B. out C. off D. down
62. The prison was broken ___ and all the prisoners were set free.
A. into B. in C. up D. down
63. I would tell the story much more easily if you didn’t break ___ so often.
A. into B. through C. in D. up
64. We’ll have to get out and walk. The car’s ___down.
A. broken B. fallen C. gone D. run
65.He has broken ____ the bad habits.
A. out of B. off C. away D. away from
4. whatever(=anything that)作為連接代詞引導名詞性從句，“無論什么，任何東西，一切事物” ，語氣比what強烈。
1) Whatever is left over is yours.
2) You must do __________ is best for you.
3) She is against whatever I am fond of.
4) cf.
_____________book you want to read will be sent to your office.
______________ book you want to read, it will be sent to your office.
5) _________ you say, I won’t let you do that dangerous thing.
A. No matter, B. What C. No matter which D. Whatever
5. pure adj. _____________, 無垢的, 純潔的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold The water in mountain rivers is usually pure.
pure English a pure mind It was a pure accident. by pure chance pure science
11. mass n. _____________, 群眾, 大量
adj. _____________, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds.
（常與of連用）許多；大量
a mass of hot air I've masses of work to do. the masses
Troops are massing on the frontier. Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.
mass production a mass-circulation magazine
6. absorb vt.吸收, 吸引
This job absorbs all of my time. 這件工作占有了我的全部時間。(take in)
He is absorbed in study.________________________。
be absorbed in_________________( put heart into)
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
1) She was so _________ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated
2) When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely ______ a magazine.
A. absorbing in B. absorbed in c. absorbing to D. absorbed to
3) _________ in his studies, he forgot to eat and go to bed.
A. Absorbed B. Absorbing C. To like D. Devoted
7. give off _________
Boiled water gives off steam. The flowers gave off a pleasant smell
引申：give sb/sth away ______；give sb/sth back _______； give in (to sb /sth) ______；
give off ____________；give out ____ give up __________；
1) The engine _______ smoke and steam.
A. gives up B. gives in C. gives away D. gives off
2) When he opened the tin, it __________ a bad smell.
A. gave away B. gave in C. gave up D. gave off
Integrating skills
8. sensitive ___________ （~ (to / about sth)）
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. He’s very sensitive about his weight.
她對批評很敏感。 She’s _______________criticism.
1) The elder need special care in winter, as they are _______ to the sudden changes of weather.
A. sensitive B. sensible C. flexible D. positive
2) Although cats can not see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more ________ to light than human eyes.
A. sensible B. positive C. sensitive D. stable
3) Some plants are so sensitive ______ pollution that they can only survive in a perfectly clean environment.
A. from B. against C. to D. with
9. a variety of ___________
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. He resigned for a variety of reasons.
10. there is no need (for sb. ) to do sth. / there is no need for sth.
there is no hope of doing sth.
there is no possibility to do sth.
there is no doubt that…
1) Since you have repaired my TV set, ________ is no need for me to buy a new one.
A. it B. there C. this D. that
2) ________ no need for us to discuss the problem again _____ it has been settled.
A. it has, once B. it is , because C. There had, for D. There is, since
Exercises: 1) fill in the blanks:
1.The children’s age ________________________________(在5歲至15歲之間).
2.____________________________(她處理這個問題的方法) is very good.
3.A week later,__________________________（也就是),Oct 1 is National Day.
4.He ________________________(充分利用了) multimedia in the class.
5.The little girl ____________________________(對溫度很敏感).
6.His actions _________________(使他受到尊敬).
7.He ______________________________(設法完成了工作) with very little help.
fill in the blanks with the following expressions:
be made up of all the way range from break down add to
take advantage of that is mix with contribute to benefit from
1.Temperature here__________________10°C to 30°C.
2. You can _______________________ her offer to drive you home.
3. A volleyball team consists of Six players while a football team ________________eleven players.
4.He is a hero, so you will ___________ his good example.
5.The talks between those two big companies ______________ so the two managers had to look for another trade partner respectively.
6. Uncle Smith followed him _________ down the street.
7.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _____ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
8.It’s now twenty minutes past four, ______________, the doctor has gone for two hours.
9.The powder is then ______________ water and other things, and made into different kinds of food.
10.The chairman encouraged everyone to _______________ the discussion.
2) Sentence-completing
1.海洋里的生物從微小的浮游生物到巨大的動物，如鯊魚和鯨魚，都無所不包。
Life in the oceans the tiniest plankton_____ ____giants
likes sharks and whales.
2.水可以吸收或放出大量的熱量而其溫度不會變化很大，因此能創造一個穩定的環境。
Water can and a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, a environment.
3.通過任何渠道進入海洋里的營養物質都能很快被其它生物所利用。
The nutrients in __ falls into ocean quickly become other living creatures.
4.海洋生物利用了水的密度的特性。
Marine animals and plants the density of water.
5水，看起來如此平凡和簡單，卻使生命成為可能。
Water, seems so simple and common, is makes life possible.
6.他向圖書館捐贈了各種圖書。
He contributes books to the library.
3） 完形： 遼寧卷（秋）英語
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world . 36 springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert . The control is possible even without possession of large areas of 38 land . In the early days of the American West , gun fights were not 39 for the water resources (資源). And laws had to be 40 to protect the water rights of the 41 and the use of the water resources accordingly .
42 is known to us all , there is not 43 water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes . Deciding on the 44 of water that will be used in any particular period 45 careful planning , so that people can manage and use water more 46 . Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water 47 the water supply forecast (預報).
The 48 water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 49 than from the below . Interest is 50 in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods , and to get water from the winter snow on mountain 51 . With special equipment , some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be 52 , and with the help of a repeater station , they send the 53 data (數據) to the base station . The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by 54 a button . In the near future , the forecast and use of water 55 probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains , not of water underground .
36．A．Using B．Holding C．Owning D．Finding
37．A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild
38．A．fine B．beautiful C．rich D．farming
39．A．unlawful B．unacceptable C．unpopular D．uncommon
40．A．made B．designed C．signed D．written
41．A．winners B．settlers C．fighters D．supporters
42．A．That B．It C．What D．As
43．A．plentiful B．enough C．any D．much
44．A．type B．quality C．amount D．level
45．A．requests B．requires C．means D．suggests
46．A．effectively B．easily C．conveniently D．actively
47．A．leading to B．due to C．owing to D．according to
48．A．correct B．further C．average D．early
49．A．clouds B．sky C．air D．above
50．A．raising B．rising C．building D．lasting
51．A．rocks B．tips C．tops D．trees
52．A．taken care of B．made use of C．piled up D．saved up
53．A．picked B．produced C．used D．gathered
54．A．touching B．knocking C．pressing D．turning
55．A．might B．can C．will D．should
語法：情態動詞
情態動詞是高考考查的重點語法項目之一，2005年全國17套高考試題對此都有考查。下面就近幾年來高考試題中出現的情態動詞的考點進行歸納分析，以便同學們復習掌握。
一、情態動詞表推測
1. 肯定的推測一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的語氣最強，譯為“肯定”、“準是”、“想必是”；should的語氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應該”，指按常理推測；may（might），could的語氣最弱，譯為“也許”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②-I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
-It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年廣東卷）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
2. 否定推測分為兩種情況：
1）語氣不很肯定時，常用may not, might not或could not，譯為“可能不”、“也許不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
2）否定語氣較強時，則用can’t，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。
①-Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-Well. He ______ have gone far--his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
②- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
- No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全國卷Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
3. 疑問句中的推測，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）
A. can B. should C. may D. must
4. 對已發生事情的肯定推測常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推測常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重慶卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷） A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
③-Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?
-Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____your lecture.（2000年上海卷）
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
二、“情態動詞+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本應該做某事而實際上沒有做。其否定式表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。
①-I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. - You________ her last week.（2004年福建）
A． ought to tell B． would have told C． must tell D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
2. “could+完成式”表示本來能夠做成某事的但結果沒能做成，含有遺憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山東卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因為天就要下雨了。
- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
- Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
三、常見的情態動詞
1. shall用于一、三人稱疑問句表示征求對方意見；用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。
①“The interest _______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重慶卷）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
②-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
- You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ - The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
- Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
2. must用于疑問句，表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是說話人強有力的勸告。
①John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全國卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
②Tom, you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ （2005年全國卷Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
3. needn’t表示“沒有必要”。
- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
- She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
4. would表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
5. 表示經過努力而成功的某一次動作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全國卷）
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
6. 考查情態動詞用作答語的情況
①-Write to me when you get home. - _______. （2001年北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
② - Could I call you by your first name？ -Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）
A. will B. could C. may D. might
答案：
1..利益, 好處vt.有益于, 有助于vi. 受益a public benefit公益disability benefits殘廢撫恤金(pl)救濟金
be of benefit to the people對人民有好處[U]
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.據說瑜咖功對人體健康有極大好處。
benefit from the new high way will benefit the village people== villager people will benefit from the new highway. DAB
2. range n.山脈vt.排列vi.平行, 延伸
range from… to…從……到……不等 vary from… to …
a range of mountains一列山脈 a range of pictures 一系列畫片
the annual range of temperature每年的溫度變化范圍 a wide range of knowledge廣博的知識
BA
3. break a way (from sb/sth) 突然掙脫，逃脫；脫離；背叛
break in 強行進入，打斷，攪擾 break into sth 強行闖入，break off 斷開，折斷；突然終止break out 爆發；break through 沖破，突破；break up 粉碎，破碎，結束；解散；拆開，絕交 BACAD
4. whatever, whatever/ no matter what D,
5. pure adj.純的, 純粹的, 純凈的, 無垢的, 純潔的, 完美的, 抽象的
pure gold 純金 The water in mountain rivers is usually pure. 在山間河流中的水通常是純凈的。
pure English 純正英語a pure mind 心地純潔 It was a pure accident.這全然是一次意外事故。 by pure chance 全憑運氣 pure science 純科學
11. mass n.塊, 大多數, 質量, 群眾, 大量
adj.群眾的, 大規模的, 集中的vt.使集合vi.聚集
Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds. 下雨前，天空有一團云。
（常與of連用）許多；大量
a mass of hot air一團熱空氣 I've masses of work to do.我有大量工作要去做。
the masses群眾, 民眾 Troops are massing on the frontier.軍隊在邊境集結。
Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.烏云密集, 我們企盼下雨。
mass production大宗生產
a mass-circulation magazine大量發行的雜志
6. 他專心讀書 全神貫注在 BBA
7. give sb/sth away 贈送，捐贈，泄露，暴露；give sb/sth back 還，歸還； give in (to sb /sth) 屈服； give off 放出，發出（氣味，熱，光等）；give out 用光，耗盡，分發，散發； give up 放棄； DD
8. 感覺敏銳的，神經過敏的，敏感的 （~ (to sth)）sensitive to ACC
9. a variety of (同一事物)不同種類，多種式樣
有種類繁多的圖案可供選擇。 他由于種種原因辭職了。
10. BD
填詞： 1.range from 5 to 15 2.The way she deals with the problem
3.that is 4.took advantage of
5.is very sensitive to temperature 6.made him respected
7.managed to get the work done
方框填詞： 1.ranges from 2, take advantage of 3.is made up of 4.benifit from 5.broke down 6. all the way 7. added to 8.that is 9.mixed with 10.contribution to
完成句子：1)ranges from , all the way up to 2) absorb; give off; thus creating; stable 3)whatever; available to 4)take advantage of 5) which; what 6)a variety of
情態： 一．1. CDBB 2. CCA 3. A 4. BBDA 二．1.DA 2. A 3. B
三．1． DAB 2． AB 3. C 4．A 5． C 6C C
完形： 36-40 CACDA 41-45 BDBCB 46-50 ADADB 51-55 CBDCC