9B Unit 2 Robots（1）
第二單元 機器人
重點難點
1. I’m writing a complaint letter. 我在寫一封抱怨信。
★complaint用作不可數名詞，意思是“抱怨”“不滿”“牢騷”“投訴”。如：
① You have no cause for complaint. 你沒有理由來埋怨。
② I’m going to write a letter of complaint. 我打算寫封投訴信。
③ There’s no real reason for complaint. 沒有真正抱怨的理由。
④ If your neighbors are too noisy, you’ll have cause for complaint.
如果你的鄰居很吵鬧，你就有控告他們的理由。
★complaint用作可數名詞，表示“感到不滿的事”“抱怨的行動或話語”“投訴”。如：
① My sister wrote me to make so many complaints.
我姐姐寫信給我，發了那么多的牢騷。
② Some children are full of complaints about their food.
一些孩子對他們的食物充滿了怨言。
③ I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you’ve given me.
我對你們提供給我的旅館房間有許多不滿的意見。
④ The police received several complaints about the noise from our party.
警方收到幾個不滿投訴，說我們的聚會太吵了。
★complain用作動詞，意思是“抱怨”“發牢騷”“投訴”，后接抱怨的具體內容時常用介詞about或of，在表示“向……抱怨”時，常用介詞to，也可接從句。如：
① She is always complaining. 她老是發牢騷。
② He complained to me about the food. 他向我抱怨食物。（抱怨食物不好）
③ I’ve got nothing to complain of really. 真的我沒有什么可以抱怨的。
④ He complained that he couldn’t find a job anywhere. 他抱怨說自己到處都找不到工作。
2. What have I done wrong? 我做錯了什么？
do wrong意為“做錯事”，其中的wrong用作名詞，意為“壞事”“不法行為”“錯誤”等，do sb. wrong或do wrong to sb. 意為“冤枉某人”。如：
① She did no wrong. 她不會干壞事。
② They have done us a great wrong. 他們對待我們十分不公正。
③ A terrible wrong has been done. Those men should never gone to prison.
這事已經造成大冤案，那些人決不應該進監獄。
④ You shouldn’t do wrong to me. 你不應該冤枉我。
3. Mr Jing is the first person is Sunshine Town to own a robot.
江先生是陽光鎮第一個擁有機器的人。
★own用作動詞，意思是“擁有”“有”，指具有法律上的所有權，其主語往往是人。如：
① This house is mine. I own it. 這房子是我的，歸我所有。
② She owns a car, but she rarely drives it. 她有一輛小汽車，但她很少開。
③ Who owns this land? 這塊土地歸誰所有？
④ His family owned neither land nor house. 他家既無田地又無房子。
★own用作動詞，還可表示“承認”“承認(某事屬實或是自己所為)”。如：
① They own that the claim is justified. 他們承認那要求是正當的。
② I own I was wrong. 我承認我錯了。
③ It was my fault. I’ll own it. 這是我的過錯。我會承認的。
★own用作形容詞，意思是“自己的”。如：
① I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我親眼看到的。
② I wish I had my own room. 但愿我有自己的房間。
③ He did it in his own way. 他以自己的方式做這件事。
★own用作名詞，意為“自己的東西”。如：
① May I keep it for my own? 我可以把它當作自己的嗎？
② The workers took him as one of their own. 工人把他當作自己人。
③ This house is my own. 這房子是我自己的。
★on one’s own是一個習慣短語，意為“獨自地”“獨立地”。如：
① She still lives on her own. 她仍然獨自一人生活。
② I’ll do the work on my own. 我將獨立地工作。
4. ‘In order to have more free time, I have to buy a robot,’ Mr Jing thought.
汪先生想“為了有更多的空間，我得買一個機器人。”
★in order to意為“為了”“以便”，后接動詞原形，其否定形式為in order not to。如：
① Yao Ming went to America in order to get further practice on basketball.
為了得到籃球方面的進一步訓練，姚明去了美國。
② They did anything in order to make money. 為了賺錢他們什么事都做。
③ I walked quietly in order not to wake the children. 為了不吵醒孩子，我走得很輕。
④ In order to catch up with the others, the girl works even harder.
為了趕上其他同學，那女孩學習更加用功了。
★so as to也表示“為了”“以便”之意，相當于in order to，其后跟的是動詞原形，否定形式為so as not to，有時so和as to可以分開。如：
① The twin brothers took a taxi so as to be in time for the interview.
為了及時趕上面試，那對雙胞胎兄弟乘坐了出租汽車。
② Please take enough money with you so as to buy anything you want.
帶上足夠的錢以便能買你想要的所有東西。
③ The man searched the room again so as not to leave anything important.
為了防止留下任何重要的東西，那人又搜了一遍房間。
④ The woman went to the bank early so as to be the first one.
＝The woman went to the bank so early as to the first one.
為了趕第一個，那婦女早早就去了銀行。
【注】in order to與so as to兩者意義基本相同，只是在位置上有所區別，前者不僅可以用于句子中間，也可以用于句子開頭，而后者只能用于句子中間。如：
① The child didn’t have his lunch so as to/in order to buy his mother a birthday present.
(此句中兩者可以互換)
為了給媽媽買生日禮物那孩子沒有吃午飯。
② In order to buy his mother a birthday present, the child didn’t have his lunch.
(此句中只能用in order to)
為了給媽媽買生日禮物那孩子沒有吃午飯。
★in order that意為“以便”“為了”，引導目的狀語從句。如：
① Bring the picture nearer in order that I can see it clearly.
把照片拿近些以便我能看清楚點。
② I turned on the TV quickly in order that I could see the result of the basketball match.
為了能看到籃球比賽的結果我迅速打開了電視機。
③ Students are carefully preparing for the coming test in order that they can get a good result.
為了能在即將舉行的考試中取得好成績，學生們正認真做準備。
★so that意為“以便”“為了”，也引導目的狀語從句，常與may, can, will等連用。如：
① I will give up my claim so that you may have the property.
為了你能獲得那價財產我將放棄我的要求。
② Tom got up early so that he could get to school on time.
為了能夠準時到校，湯姆起了個大早。
★so…that…引導結果狀語從句，意為“太……以至于”，so后接形容詞或副詞，有時可與too…to或enough to互換。如：
① The shoes are so small that I can’t wear them. 這雙鞋子小得我都穿不上。
② He was so excited that he could not speak. (＝He was too excited to speak.)
他興奮得連話都說不出來了。
③ He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation. (＝He was foolish enough to accept her invitation.)
他接受她的邀請真是太傻了。
④ The mark was so small that I could hardly see it. 那個標記非常小，我幾乎看不見它。
⑤ She was so tired that she didn’t want to eat anything. 她太累了以至于什么也不想吃。
★such…that…意為“如此……以至于……”，such后接“形容詞+名詞”。如：
① It is such bad weather that we can’t go out to play football. (不能說so bad weather)
這樣糟糕的天氣使我們無法出去踢足球。
② They are such useful books that I want to buy all of them. (不能說so useful books)
它們是非常有用的書，我想把它們都買下來。
【注】“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”也可用“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”來代替。如：
① It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.
＝It was so cold a day that there was nobody on the street.
天氣非常冷，以至于街上沒有人。
② It was such an important meeting that everybody was required to attend it.
＝It was so important a meeting that everybody was required to attend it.
會議非常重要，因此要求每個人都要參加。
③ It is such an interesting book that every student likes reading it.
＝It is so interesting a book that every student likes reading it.
這本書這么有趣，以至于每個學生都喜歡看。
【注】“such+形容詞+復數名詞/不可數名詞+that”不能用so結構來代替，但當復數名詞或不可數名詞前有many, few, much, little(少)修飾時，應用o。如：
① There were so many types that he didn’t know which to choose.
型號太多了，他不知道選哪一種。
② There was so little water that only small children were given some.
水不多了，只給小孩子分了一些。
5. The robot also ironed Mr. Jing’s shirts and made a lunchbox for him every day.
機器人每天也為江先生熨燙衣服和做午餐。
★iron用作動詞，意思是“(用熨斗)熨燙(衣服等)”。如：
① This material irons well/easily. 這種材料很好/容易熨。
② I prefer to iron my shirts while they are damp. 我喜歡在襯衫潮濕的時候熨燙它們。
★iron用作名詞，意思是“鐵”。如：
① It is as hard as iron. 它和鐵一樣堅硬。
② The gate is made of iron. 這扇大門是用鐵做成的。
③ She has a will of iron. 她有鋼鐵般的意志。
6. As a result, Mr. Jing no longer needed to get up early to do housework and he could stay in bed for an extra hour.
因此，江先生就不再需要很早起來做家務了而且他能在床上多呆一個小時。
★as a result是一個習慣短語，意為“因此”“結果”。如：
① As a result, the discussion was put off until the following week.
結果討論被推遲到了下星期。
② He fell off the bike and hurt his leg yesterday. As a result he had to be away from school for two or three months.
昨天他從自行車上掉了下來，摔傷了腿。因此他不得不休學兩三個月。
③ As a result he was sent away from school. 結果他被趕出了學校。
④ He didn’t practice, and as a result he lost. 他沒有練習，所以輸了。
⑤ The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time.
交通十分擁擠，因此我們沒能準時到達。
★as a result of意為“因為”“由于”“……的結果”，用來作狀語。如：
① He is unable to go to work as a result of the fall off the horse.
由于他從馬上摔了下來，他不能去上班了。
② He was late as a result of the heavy snow. 他遲到是由于大雪所導致的。
③ As a result of warning, nobody was hurt. 由于得到了警告，因此沒有人受傷。
★result用作名詞，意為“結果”“效果”“后果”“比賽的結果”“(考試)成績”等。如：
① The result of the examination was quite unexpected. 考試的結果令人完全難以想像。
② I was late, with the result that I missed my train. 我遲到了，結果沒能趕上火車。
③ All our hard work produced little or no result. 我們的艱苦勞動沒有多少結果。
④ We worked hard all day, but without any result. 我們整天努力工作，但沒有多少效果。
⑤ The result of the match was a draw. 這場比賽的結果是平局。（不分勝負）
⑥ I heard the football results on the radio. 我在廣播中聽到了足球比賽的結果。
★result用作動詞，意為“發生”“產生”，與介詞in連用，意為“導致”“引起(某種結果)”“使……獲得某種結果”。如：
① Our efforts resulted in success. 我們的努力終于成功了。
② The talk resulted in getting on well with each other. 那次談話使得雙方和好了。
③ The accident resulted in three deaths. 那次事故導致了三人死亡。
④ His careless speech resulted in much argument. 他發言過于草率，因而引起許多爭議。
★result用作動詞，與from連用，意為“由……造成”“因……產生”，from后是產生的原因。如：
① Sickness often results from eating too much. 疾病是由于吃得過多所引起的。
② The accident resulted from your carelessness. 這次事故是由于你的粗心所引起的。
③ His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
他的失敗是由于他工作不夠努力所導致的。
④ His injuries resulted from a fall. 他的傷是因摔倒所致。
7. no longer, not…any longer與no more, not…any more
★no longer相當于not…any longer，意為“不再”，通常用來指某一動作的不再延續或發生。如：
① We can no longer stay here. ＝We can’t stay here any longer.
我們不能再呆在這里了。
② John was no longer a thief. ＝John was not a thief any longer.
約翰不再是一個小偷了。
③ She could no longer go to school. ＝She couldn’t go to school any longer.
她不能再去上學了。
④ He was no longer working there. ＝He was not working there any longer.
他不再在那里工作了。
⑤ Tom no longer bought picture-books. ＝Tom didn’t buy picture-books any longer.
湯姆不再買圖畫書了。
【注】no longer或not置于句首時，句子須部分倒裝。如：
① No longer did he come here after we quarreled.
＝Not did he come here any longer after we quarreled.
我們吵架之后他再也沒來過這兒。
★no more相當于not…any more，意為“不再”，大多用來修飾終止性動詞。如：
① He drank no more after that accident. ＝He didn’t drink any more after that accident.
那次事故之后他不再喝酒了。
② Time lost will return no more. = Time lost will not return any more.
失去了的時間不會再回來。
③ He phones me no more. = He doesn’t phone me any more.
他不再給我打電話了。
④ I have seen him no more since he left here.
= I haven’t seen him any more since he left here.
自從他離開這兒，我再也沒見過他。
★no more后跟倒裝句，意為“也不”。no more還可作表語，表示人或物“不存在了”，語氣比dead要委婉。如：
① He can’t afford a new car, and no more can I. 他買不起一輛新汽車，我也買不起。
② He is very ill. I am afraid that he will soon be no more.
他病得很重，恐怕將不久于人世了。
③ The ancient city of Trojan is no more.
古代的特洛伊城現在已不復存在。
8. extra一詞的用法
★extra用作形容詞，意思是“額外的”“外加的”“附加的”。如：
① They can get extra pay for extra work. 他們額外的工作能夠得到額外的報酬。
② The bus company provided extra buses because there were so many people.
因為人太多，公交公司加開了公交車。
③ The football match went into extra time. 足球賽進入了加時賽。
④ They said they were going to give us one extra song.
他們說他們將給我們再唱一支歌。
⑤ I don’t suppose they wanted any extra help.
我認為他們不需要額外的幫助。
★extra也可以作名詞，意思是“額外的事物”“額外收費的事物”。如：
① Her bill for extra was $ 30. 她的額外費用是30美元。
② The dinner cost ￡80 without any extras. 這頓飯花了80英鎊，不需要任何額外費用。
③ Her school fees are $ 440 a term, music and dancing are extras.
她的學費是每學期440美元，音樂課和舞蹈課額外收費。
9. While Mr. Jiang was at work, the robot would clean his flat.
當江先生上班時機器人就會打掃房間。
★while用作連詞，意為“當……的時候”，常用來表示一段較長時間或一個過程，不能用來表示某一個時間點，強調主句動作與從句動作同時發生。如：
① While the discussion was still going on, George came in.
當討論還在進行時，喬治走了進來。
② He had an accident while he came here. 他來這兒的時候，在路上出了事。
③ She always phones while we are having lunch. 她總是在我們吃飯時打電話來。
④ He called while I was out. 我不在家的時候，他來訪了。
【注】當while從句中的主語和主句中的主語相同，并含有be動詞時，while從句中的主語和be動詞可以一起省略。如：
① While (he was) listening to the radio, he fell asleep. 他在聽收音機時睡著了。
② While (he was) going to school, he met a friend. 上學時，他遇到了一位朋友。
★while用作并列連詞，意為“而”“然而”，連接一個并列句，表示前后意義上的對比或轉折。如：
① Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.
點頭表示同意，而搖頭表示不同意。
② I earn only 50 dollars a week, while she earns 80 dollars.
我一個星期只賺50美元，而她卻賺80美元。
③ Some people are very rich while others are very poor.
有的人很富，而有的人卻很窮。
④ I’m interested in sports while my sister is fond of music.
我對體育感興趣，而我妹妹愛好音樂。
⑤ There’re plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.
東南部雨量充足，而西北部則很少下雨。
【注】while在這種用法中，兩個句子的主語通常不是同一個主語，如是同一個主語時，用but表示轉折。如：
① I like sports but I don’t like music. 我喜歡體育但我不喜歡音樂。
★while用作連詞，還可表示“雖然”“盡管”，相當于although，表示讓步。如：
① While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
盡管我明白你的話，我卻不能同意你的觀點。
② While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
盡管我承認他的優點，但我還是能看到他的缺點。
★while用作連詞，意為“只要”，相當于as long as，表示條件。如：
① While there is water, there is life. 只要有水，就有生命。
② While there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。
③ We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united.
只要我們緊密地團結一致，一定能克服這些困難。
【注】while, when以及as的區別
★當從句中的謂語動詞表示持續性動作時，我們可以用while, when或as。如：
① While/When/As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.
我順著馬路往前走時，發現銀行前面停著一輛警車。
② While/When/As we dancing, a stranger came in.
當我們跳舞時，一位陌生人走了進來。
③ Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially while/when/as father was away in France.
母親擔心的是因為小艾麗絲病了，特別是當父親遠在法國的時候。
④ While/When/As he was at college, he studied hard. 他在大學時，學習很努力。
★當從句中的謂語動詞表示瞬間動作時，用when，不可用while或as。如：
① Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?
你已經找到了如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？（get為瞬間動詞）
② Sorry, I was out when you called me.
對不起，你打電話時我剛好不在家。（call為瞬間動詞）
③ When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
當我才剛停下車，就有個人向我走來。（stop為瞬間動詞）
★當要表示“就在那時”“就在這時”，即at that/this moment或and then的意思時，要用when，不能用while或as。且引起的句子一般放在句尾。如：
① He was about to leave when the telephone rang. 他正要離開，忽然電話鈴響了。
② We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out. 我們正在看電視,突然燈滅了。
③ They had just arrived home when it began to rain. 他們剛到家，天就開始下雨了。
④ He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要走，這時有人敲門。
★while和as從句中的動作必須是和主句中的動作同時發生。而when從句中的動作可以在主句中的動作之前、之后或同時發生。如：
① When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
你做完了作業可以休息。（finished的動作先發生）
② When I got to the airport, the guests had left.
當我趕到飛機場時，客人們已經離開了。（got to的動作后發生）
★當主句、從句動作同時進行，從句動作的時間概念淡化，而主要表示主句動作發生的背景或條件時，只能用as。這時，as常表示“隨著……”“一邊……，一邊……”之意。如：
① As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.
隨著時間一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強了。
② The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘們一邊走一邊唱。
③ As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。
★當從句中的時間表示將來時，常用when引導，且從句須用一般現在時代替一般將來時，一般過去時代替將來時。如：
① When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.
下周，經理來這兒參觀時，我會和他談談此事。
② You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
在我讀完這本書后，你可以借閱。
10. After dinner, the robot would wash the dishes and Mr Jiang could relax and watch his favourite TV programmes.
飯后，機器人會洗碗筷，而江先生可以放松一下，看他最喜愛的電視節目。
★relax用作動詞，意思是“放松”“（使）放松”。如：
① Forget your worries and relax. 忘記你的煩惱，放松自己。
② Let’s stop working and relax for half an hour. 讓我們停止工作，放松半小時。
③ Relax and enjoy yourself. 放松些，痛痛快快地玩。
④ He needed a good book to relax himself. 他需要一本書來調節自己。
★relaxed是relax的形容詞形式，意思是“輕松的”“放松的”。如：
① He is feeling relaxed now. 他現在覺得很輕松。
② A relaxed atmosphere made me feel better. 輕松的氣氛使我感覺好多了。
③ He was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.
他躺在陽光下，看上去很輕松愉快。
11. asleep, sleepy和sleep的用法
★asleep用作形容詞，意思是“睡著的”，表示一種狀態，在句子中一般作表語，不能放在名詞的前面作定語。如：
① He was very tired and soon fell asleep. 他很疲勞，不久就睡著了。
② He seems to be fast asleep. 他似乎睡得很香。
③ He was asleep with his head on his arm. 他把頭枕在手臂上睡著了。
★sleepy也是形容詞，意思是“困的”“欲睡的”，在句子中既可以作定語修飾名詞，也可以作表語。如：
① This is a small sleepy village. 這是一個寧靜的小村莊。
② She always has a sleepy expression. 她總是沒有精神。
③ I’m sleepy. I want to go to sleep. 我困了，要去睡覺了。
★sleep既可以用作動詞也可用作名詞，意思是“睡覺”。如：
① He slept very badly. 他睡眠很不好。
② Don’t wake him up. Let him sleep on. 別叫醒他。讓他繼續睡吧。
③ As he slept, he dreamed a dream. 他睡著的時候做了一個夢。
④ He was very tired and soon got to sleep. 他很疲勞，不久就睡著了。
⑤ She fell into a deep sleep. 她睡熟了。
12. Mr Jiang was very happy with his robot. 江先生對他的機器人感到很滿意。
★be happy with意為“對……感到滿意”。如：
① She is not happy with her present job. 她對現在的工作并不滿意。
② He was not happy with your explanation. 他對你的解釋不滿意。
③ I’m not very happy with what you have done. 我不是很滿意你的所作所為。
★be pleased with和be satisfied with都可表示“對……滿意”的意思，與be happy with同義。如：
① She was pleased with her new room. 她對她的新房間很滿意。
② My parents aren’t at all pleased with me at the moment. 目前父母對我很不滿意。
③ He was looking very pleased with himself, so I knew he had passed the test.
他看上去對自己很滿意，所以我知道他已經通過了考試。
④ I was not satisfied with the result. 我對那個結果感到不滿意。
⑤ They asked for white wine, but I think they’d be satisfied with red wine.
他們不要喝白葡萄酒，但我想給他們來點紅葡萄酒他們也會感到滿意的。
⑥ She is satisfied with her son’s progress. 她對她兒子的進步很滿意。
13. But then, things started to go wrong. 但是接下來情況就開始出問題了。
★go wrong意為“出毛病”“不對頭”“失敗”“搞錯”“弄錯”。如：
① Something has gone wrong with the engine. 發動機出毛病了。
② Everything has gone wrong today. 今天事事不對勁。
③ All our plans went wrong. 我們所有的計劃都失敗了。
④ If you read the instructions, you will see where you went wrong.
你要是看一下說明書就知道你錯在哪兒了。
⑤ I’m afraid we’ve gone wrong. We should have taken the other road.
我們恐怕走錯了路。我們應該走另外那條路。
14. The robot caught a virus and caused a lot of problems.
這個機器人感染了病毒，產生了許多問題。
★caught用作動詞，意為“感染”“患病”。如：
① He caught a cold. 他感冒了。
② My computer has caught a virus. 我的計算機感染了病毒。
③ I’ve got a terrible cold. I must have caught it from someone at work.
我得了重感冒，準是從我同事那兒傳染的。
④ She caught a fever so she couldn’t go to school.
她發燒了，所以不能去上學。
★catch用作動詞，可表示“捉住”“逮住”“鉤住”“截住”。如：
① The policeman has caught the murderer alive. 警察已把兇手活捉。
② Yesterday he caught some fish. 昨天他抓到了幾條魚。
③ A nail caught her dress. 一枚釘子鉤住了她的衣服。
④ Hank was caught in the earthquake. 漢克被地震所困。
⑤ I threw the ball to him and he caught it. 我把球扔給他，他接住了。
★catch用作動詞，還可表示“趕上”“趕到”的意思。如：
① He didn’t appear at the meeting, because he didn’t catch the train.
他沒來開會是因為他沒趕上火車。
② He caught the bus into town. 他坐公共汽車去城里。
③ We arrived just in time to catch the beginning of the film. 我們剛好趕上電影開場。
④ I ran to catch the last bus. 我跑著去趕最后一班車。
★catch用作動詞，還可表示“聽清楚”“理解”“領會”的意思。如：
① Sorry, I didn’t catch you just now. 對不起，我剛才沒聽清楚你說什么。
② I’m sorry, I didn’t catch what you said. 很抱歉，我沒有聽懂你的話。
③ I don’t quiet catch the idea. 我不十分明白那意思。
④ I don’t catch the meaning of this sentence. 我不理解這個句子的意思。
★“catch + sb. + doing”意為“偶然撞見”“發覺”。如：
① I caught him stealing. 我發現他在偷東西。
② The teacher caught him sleeping in the class. 老師發覺他在上課時打瞌睡。
③ I caught him taking a pen from my pencil-box. 我碰巧撞見他從我的鉛筆盒里拿鋼筆。
【注】catch構成的常用短語有catch up with意為“趕上”，后接人或事；catch sight of意為“看見”；catch hold of意為“抓住”。如：
① He was walking very fast and I had to run to catch up with him.
他走得很快，我要連走帶跑才趕得上他。
② Go on ahead, I’ll soon catch up with you. 請你先走，我很快就會趕上來。
③ Work hard and you will catch up with the others. 努力學，你會趕上其他人的。
④ I caught sight of the man at the end of the street. 我在這條街的盡頭見到了那個人。
⑤ Please catch hold of the rope. 請抓住繩子。
⑥ He was caught hold of by the arm. 他被抓住了手臂。
15. While Mr. Jiang was at work, the robot would knock things over.
江先生在工作的時候，機器人會把東西撞倒。
★knock sth. /sb. over意思是“撞倒/撞翻某物或某人”。如：
① You’ve knocked over my drink. 你把我的飲料打翻了。
② I’m sorry to knock you over. 非常抱歉，我把你撞倒了。
③ Be careful not to knock over the children. 小心別把孩子們撞倒了。
★knock down意為“擊倒”“撞倒”，強調“倒下”，還可表示“拆除”的意思。如：
① He knocked down the thief. 他把小偷打倒了。
② His son was knocked down by a car. 他的兒子被汽車撞倒了。
③ He knocked his match down with a blow. 他一拳把他的對手擊倒。
④ He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他幾乎把我撞倒了才看見我。
⑤ These old buildings will be knocked down soon. 這幾幢老房子很快就要被拆掉了。
★knock用作動詞，意為“敲”“擊”“碰”。如：
① Be careful not to knock your head when you get up. 起床的時候，小心撞頭。
② He knocked the vase onto the floor. 他把花瓶碰到了地上。
③ Someone is knocking at/on the door. 有人敲門。
④ He knocked (= hit) his head on/against the wall. 他的頭撞在了墻上。
⑤ Can you hear somebody knocking at the door? 你聽到有人在敲門嗎？
★knock用作名詞時，意為“短促的敲或打(的聲音)”“(發動機的)爆震聲”“(板球的)一局”，詞組take a knock意為“蒙受經濟或感情上的打擊”。如：
① If you not up by eight o’clock I will give you a knock.
要是8點鐘你還不起床，我就來敲你的門。
② He fell off his bike and got a nasty knock. 他從自行車上摔下來，摔得很重。
③ What’s that knock I can hear? 我聽到發動機有爆震聲是怎么回事啊？
④ That was a good knock: 86 not out. 那局真漂亮，打了86分還未出局。
⑤ She took a bad knock when her husband died. 她丈夫的死使她受到了沉重的打擊。
16. When Mr. Jiang got home, he would find his flat in a mess: food was on the floor and his books were in the sink.
江先生到家時，他發現屋子里亂七八糟：食物在地上，他的書在廚房中洗滌槽里。
★mess用作名詞，指“臟或亂的狀態”。如：
① The kitchen is a mess. 這廚房很臟亂。
② The children have made an awful mess in the room. 孩子們把這房間弄得凌亂不堪了。
③ The spilt milk made a terrible mess on the floor. 灑出的牛奶把地上弄得一塌糊涂了。
★mess用作名詞，還可表示“困難或紊亂的狀態”“雜亂”的意思。如：
① My life is in real mess. 我的生活真是狼狽。
② You’ve made a mess of the job. 你把你的工作弄得一團糟。
★mess作動詞用，意思是“把弄亂”“把弄臟”“胡鬧”“瞎逛”等。如：
① Don’t mess you hair. 別把你的頭發弄亂了。
② Stop messing about and come and help. 別胡鬧了，過來幫幫忙。
③ I love just messing about in the garden. 我就喜歡在花園里閑逛。
17. In the end, Mr. Jiang sent the robot back to the robot shop.
最后，江先生把機器人送回了機器人商店。
★in the end意為“終于”“最后”，表示經過許多變化或周折，最后發生了某事。如：
① He worked hard, and in the end he succeeded. 他努力工作，最后他成功了。
② In the end he won their trust. 最終他贏得了他們的信任。
③ I’m sure everything will turn out satisfactory in the end.
我確信，最后一切都會令人滿意的。
④ In the end things will mend. 船到橋頭自然直。
⑤ We did experiment after experiment, and in the end we got a good harvest of rice in Africa.
我們做了一個又一個實驗，終于在非洲獲得了水稻大豐收。
【注】in the end, at last和finally雖然都譯作“最后”“終于”，但他們在使用中是有明顯區別的。
in the end表示經過許多變化、困難或捉摸不定的情況后發生了某事，也許是期待中的情況，也許是非期待中的情況；而at last僅僅用于表示經過周折、等待或努力出現所期待的結果，不用于出現非期待的結果；finally既可用于表示時間位置，相當于in the end，也可用于表示時間的先后順序，如同first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next, then, last, lastly等詞的用法。試比較：
① He failed the examination three times but in the end/at last/finally he passed.
他三次沒有通過考試，但是最后終于通過了。
② My son is at home in the end/at last. 我兒子終于回家了。
③ They did not pay any attention. In the end/finally, I could not bear it.
他們置之不理，最后，我忍無可忍了。（不宜用at last）
④ In the end, I think one must blame these children’s parents.
我想，到后來人們要責怪的還是這些孩子的家長。（不宜用at last）
⑤ Finally, I’d like to thank you all for coming and wish you a safe journey home.
最后，我要感謝諸位的光臨，并祝大家回去一路順風。（不宜用in the end或at last）
★at the end of意為“在……的末了”“在……的一端”。一般說來，at the end of用于表示具體事物或場所，也可以用來表示比喻意。如：
① The school is situated at the end of the street. 該校位于這條街的盡頭。
② We’ll have an exam in English at the end of January. 一月底我們要參加英語考試。
③ There is a fountain at the end of garden. 花園的盡頭有一個噴水池。
④ At the end of six months he had learned enough to read.
六個月后，他就達到能閱讀的程度了。
⑤ They were at the end of their patience. 他們忍無可忍。
★by the end of用于表示時間的場合，往往含有“不遲于”的意味。值得注意的是，at the end of亦可用于表示時間的場合（如例句②），但其意思與by the end of有所不同，at the end of January意為“一月底(指一月份的最后一天)”，而by the end of January意為“一月底之前(指一月份結束前的幾天)”。如：
① We are to complete the task by the end of the year. 年底之前我們必須完成此項任務。
② The project will have been finishing 1/2 by the end of this month.
這個月底我們的工作能完成一半。
③ By the end this month, a new Olympic-standard swimming pool will have been built.
在這個月底，一個新的奧運會級別的游泳池將會建成。
④ By the end of last term, we had studied English for three years.
到上學期結束時，我們已學了三年英語了。
18. The robot was just too much trouble. 機器人實在太麻煩了。
★too much意為“太”，可用作形容詞、副詞或代詞。too much用來修飾不可數名詞，在句中作定語，放在不可數名詞前；也可用來修飾動詞，在句中作狀語，放在動詞后，還可單獨使用，相當于一個代詞，在句中作主語、賓語或表語。如：
① I think Americans have too much meat. 我認為美國人肉吃的太多了。
② I have spent too much time on her. 我在她身上花的時間太多了。
③ We have got too much homework to do. 我們有太多的作業要做。
④ It’s bad for your eyes to watch TV too much. 電視看得太多對你的眼睛有害。
⑤ Too much has been said about this topic. 關于這個話題談論得太多了。
⑥ It’s bad for your eyes to watch TV too much. 電視看得太多對你的眼睛有害。
★much too意為“太”“十分”，在句中用作副詞，修飾形容詞或其他副詞。如：
① This paper is much too difficult for students. 這份試卷對學生來說太難了。
② The digital camera is much too expensive. 數碼相機太貴了。
③ Let us have a rest. We are much too tired today. 讓我們休息一下吧，我們今天太累了。
④ He eats too much meat, so he is much too fat. 他過多地吃肉，所以胖得過頭了。
⑤ Accidents like this happen much too often. 這樣的事故發生地太頻繁了。
19. trouble一詞的用法
★trouble用作名詞，意為“煩惱”“困難”“麻煩”“疾病”等。如：
① His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充滿了煩惱。
② We can read trouble on his face. 從他臉上我們可以看出他正在煩惱。
③ What the trouble? 有什么困難嗎？
④ I hope I have not given you any trouble. 我希望沒有給您增添麻煩。
⑤ Please tell me about your trouble. 請把你的煩惱告訴我。
⑥ I’ve got back trouble (heart trouble) again. 我的背痛（心臟病）又犯了。
⑦ Thank you for your all trouble. 多謝你費心。
★trouble用作動詞，意為“麻煩”“打擾”“使煩惱”。如：
① What’s troubling you? 什么使你心神不定？
② I’m sorry to trouble you, but do you think you could call me back later?
真抱歉麻煩你，請你稍后給我回電話好嗎？
③ I’m afraid I must trouble you to come to the office. 我恐怕得麻煩你到辦公室來一趟。
④ Can I trouble you with one more question. 我可以再提一個問題麻煩你嗎？
⑤ That student sometimes troubled the teacher with difficult questions.
那個學生有時問難答的問題使老師頭痛。
⑥ You look troubled; is anything worrying you? 你好像很煩惱，有什么事使你不安嗎？
★in trouble意為“處于困境之中”“處于麻煩之中”。如：
① Don’t hesitate to ask me for help when you are in trouble.
有困難時不要不好意思向我求助。
② If I don’t get home by 11 o’clock, I’ll be in trouble.
如果我在11點鐘前不能回到家里，就會有麻煩。
③ He was said to be in trouble with the boss. 據說他受到了老板的訓斥。
★get into trouble意思為“陷入困境”。如：
① He is always getting into trouble. 他總是遇到麻煩。
② If you don’t take your teacher’s advice, you will get into trouble.
如果你不聽老師的忠告，你會陷入麻煩的。
★have trouble in doing sth.意思為“做某事有困難”，此時的trouble相當于difficulty, problem等，其中的in可以省略。如：
① I have some trouble (in) reading her handwriting. 我認她的筆跡有困難。
② We had no trouble (in) finding her house. 我們毫不費力地找到了她家。
③ I have trouble getting the car started. 我沒有辦法開動車了。
★ask/look for trouble意為“自找麻煩”。如：
① Driving like that he is just asking for trouble. 他那樣開車是自找麻煩。
② You must be careful. Don’t look for trouble. 你得小心，不要自找麻煩。
★make trouble意為“惹麻煩”“惹事”。如：
① That boy often makes trouble for his teachers. 那男孩常使老師們感到頭痛。
② He often makes trouble for me. 他經常跟我過不去。
③ His son often makes trouble at school. 他兒子在學校經常惹事。
★put sb. to the trouble (of…)意為“麻煩某人”“打擾某人”。如：
① I’m to put you to so much trouble. 對不起，給你添了那么多麻煩。
② I don’t want to put you to trouble of meeting me at the station.
我不想麻煩你到車站去接我。
★take (the) trouble to do/over sth. 意思為“不辭辛勞做某事”。如：
① We must thank you for taking the trouble to cook us a meal.
我們一定要感謝你不辭辛勞地為我們做飯。
② He took a lot of trouble over the design. 他花了許多工夫設計這份圖樣。
③ The boss took the trouble to explain the situation to me.
老板特地把情況解釋給我聽。
★The trouble is (that)…意思為“麻煩是……”“困難在于……”。如：
① The trouble is that he doesn’t have enough money. 困難在于他缺錢。
② The trouble is that we don’t know her address. 麻煩就在于我們不知道她的地址。
③ The trouble is that we can’t understand each other. 困難就在于我們無法相互理解。
★What troubles me is…意為“使我不安的是……”。如：
① What troubles me is that he is suffering from heart trouble.
使我不安的是他患有心臟病。
② What troubles me most is that he didn’t take an umbrella with him in such a rainy day.
最讓我不安的是在這樣的雨天他沒有帶傘。
③ What troubles me is that I don’t know how to comfort him.
讓我感到不安的是我不知道該怎樣安慰他。
19. the process of washing clothes洗衣服的過程
★process用作名詞，意為“過程”“進程”“步驟”“流程”“做事方法”。如：
① China has begun the difficult process of reforming the education system.
中國已經開始了教育制度改革的艱難歷程。
② I’m afraid getting things changed will be a slow process.
做任何改革恐怕都會是個緩慢的過程。
③ We’re in the process of selling our house. 我們正在出售自家的住宅。
④ People are afraid of the ageing process. 人們害怕自己的老化過程。
⑤ It’s a normal part of the learning process. 那是學習過程中的正常現象。
⑥ The Middle East peace process is going on slowly. 中東和平進程進展緩慢。
⑦ The producing process of this kind of machines is easy to master.
這種機器的制造方法不難掌握。
★process用作動詞，表示“加工”“沖印（照片）”“處理”或“審閱”“審核”“處理（文件、請求等）”。如：
① Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
我們買的大部分食品都用某種方法加工過。
② We sell processed cheese. 我們銷售加工好的干酪。
③ I sent three rolls of film away to be processed. 我送了三個膠卷去沖印。
④ That is the biggest sewage processing plant in the city.
那是這個城市最大的污水處理廠。
⑤ It will take a week for your application to be processed.
審核你的申請需要一周時間。
21. made clothes smooth with an iron 用熨斗把衣服熨平整
★smooth用作形容詞，意為“平整的”“平滑的”“光滑的”。如：
① It feels very smooth. 它摸上去很平整。
② She makes her clothes smooth with an iron every evening.
她每天晚上都把自己的衣服熨燙平整。
③ The sea was smooth. 海上風平浪靜。
④ The piece of wood is very smooth. 這塊木板非常光滑。
⑤ The baby’s skin is very smooth. 嬰兒的皮膚非常光滑。
★smooth用作形容詞，還要表示“平穩的”“順利的”。如：
① He brought the car to a smooth stop. 他把汽車穩地煞住。
② Our plan made a smooth landing. 我們乘坐的飛機平穩地降落了。
③ Our trip to Beijing was very smooth. 我們的北京之行一帆風順。
④ The process in this matter has not been smooth. 這件事的進展不大順利。
★smooth用作動詞，意為“弄平”“使光滑”“使平順”。如：
① She smoothed her dress. 她把衣服捋平。
② The sea has smoothed down. 海上風平浪靜。
③ Don’t forget to smooth down the board before you apaint it.
刷油漆之前別忘了把木板弄平滑。
④ He is smoothing the soil in a flower bed. 他在平整花圃的泥土。
★smoothly用作副詞，意為“順利地”“平滑地”。如：
① The lift didn’t work smoothly. 這電梯運轉得不順暢。
② My work has been going quite smoothly. 我的工作進展得很順利。
22. Will a robot bring any bad changes to your life?
機器人會給你的生活帶來一些不好的改變嗎？
★bring用作動詞，意為“帶來”“取來”或者“帶……到某處”，強調從別處拿到說話者處，常用bring sth. to sb.和bring sb. sth.結構。如：
① Please bring me that book. 請把那本書拿給我。
② Don’t forget to bring her some flowers. 不要忘記給她帶些花來。
③ They didn’t bring any present to the boy when they came on that day.
那天他們來時沒有給這男孩帶任何禮物。
④ Did you bring your photos to your friends?
你把你的照片給你的朋友帶來了嗎？
★bring用作動詞時，有“能售得（某一價格）”“能產生（收入、收益）”的意思。如：
① The old car will bring about ￡10. 這輛舊車大約可賣十英鎊。
② His writing brought him lots of money last year. 去年寫作為他賺了很多錢。
★bring用作動詞時，還有“導致”“引起”的意思。如：
① The bad news brought tears to his eyes. 壞消息使他不禁流下了眼淚。
② The opening brought many changes. 開放引起了許多變化。
【注】bring, take, fetch, get和carry的異同。這五個詞都可以作“拿”“取”“帶”解，其區別重要在于：bring指從別處向說話人所在位置或地方拿，多譯作“取來”“拿來”；take指從說話人處“將……拿(帶)走”；fetch和get基本相同，都表示專程“去某處將……拿(帶)來”，其中get較口語化；carry沒有方向性，但含有負重的含義，可以理解為“扛”“背”“提”等。如：
① Remember to bring your homework next time. 下次記住把家庭作業帶來。
② Take away the empty box and bring me a full one.
把這只空盒子拿走，給我拿一盒滿的來。
③ I still remember being taken to Taiwan by my uncle when I was very young.
我仍然記得在我很小的時候叔叔帶我去臺灣的情景。
④ He took his coat and left. 他拿了自己的外套后離去。
⑤ The chair is in the garden, please fetch it. 椅子在院里，請把它搬來。
⑥ He was sent to the office to fetch the paper. 他被派去辦公室拿文件了。
⑦ May I get a cup of tea for you? 可以給你拿杯茶嗎？
⑧ You’d better get the child along to a hospital. 你最好送那孩子去醫院。
⑨ Could you carry these books to your classroom? 你們能夠把這些書拿到教室里去嗎？
⑩ The bus can carry more than 80 people. 這公共汽車能夠載八十多人。
23. Some changes are good but some are not. 有些變化是好的，但有些并不好。
★change用作可數名詞，意為“改變”“變化”“變換”“替換物”。如：
① Did you see the change of his expression? 你看到他表情的變化了嗎？
② I want to make a change in the plan. 你想把計劃作一點改變。
③ There have been many changes in the village since I lived there as a boy.
自從我孩提時代住在那兒以來，這村子經過了許多變遷。
④ There was little change in his living condition. 他的生活境況沒有多大變化。
⑤ Let’s go to a restaurant for a change. 我們去飯館換換口味吧。
⑥ Take two changes of clothes with you. 帶兩套換洗的衣服。
★change用作不可數名詞，意為“零錢”“找的錢”。如：
① I have no change with/on/about me. 我身邊沒零錢。
② Can you give me change for a one-pound note? 你能替我換一鎊零錢嗎？
③ He needs some change for a phone. 他需要零錢打電話。
④ Here is your change, sir. 先生，這是找給你的錢。
★change用作動詞，意為“改變”“變(換)”。如：
① He wants to change his job. 他想換一份工作。
② I’m sorry I have changed my mind. 對不起，我已經改變主意了。
③ The wind has changed its direction. 風向變了。
④ Can I change seats with you? 我可以和你換換座位嗎？
⑤ You have changed a lot since I last saw you. 自從我上次看到你以來，你的變化很大。
⑥ The traffic light changed from red to green. 交通燈從紅色變成了綠色。
★change…into…意為“變成”“使變成”，該短語中change可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。介詞into表示從一種狀態或形態變成另一種狀態或形狀。如：
① Can you change the sentence into a question? 你能把這個句子變成問句嗎？
② He wanted to change RMB into dollars. 他想把人民幣換成美金。
③ The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 次日早晨，水結成了冰。
④ My hometown has changed into a beautiful modern city.
我的家鄉已變成了一個美麗的現代化城市。
24. So can you stay in bed for a bit longer? 如此說來你能在床上多呆一會兒嗎？
★stay用作不及物動詞，意為“停留”“逗留”。如：
① Stay in your classroom until it is time to go home.
在教室里一直呆到你們該回家的時間。
② He stayed with his father while he was ill. 當他生病時，他和父親待在一塊兒。
③ The doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.
醫生告訴他，病人還得在醫院住兩個星期。
④ Won’t you stay for supper? 留下來吃晚飯好嗎？
⑤ I’m not staying at a hotel; I’m staying with friends.
我沒有住旅館，我住在朋友家。
【注】表示“住旅館”時常說stay at/in a hotel，而不宜說live at/in a hotel。
★stay用作連系動詞，意為“持續不變”“保持”，其后通常接形容詞、介詞短語等作表語。如：
① You can’t expect to stay young forever. 你不能期望永遠年輕。
② He still stays single. 他仍然是單身。
③ The shop stays open till 6 pm. 商店開門到下午六點。
④ The patient’s temperature stayed around 40℃。 病人的體溫持續在40攝氏度左右。
⑤ What a lovely day! I hope it’ll stay fine. 多好的天啊！我希望能一直晴下去。
★stay out是一個習慣短語，意為“留在外面”“在外過夜”。如：
① Don’t stay out. It’s dangerous. 不要呆在外面，太危險了。
② Her mother was worried when she stayed out so late.
她這么晚不回家，她的母親非常擔憂。
★stay up意為“熬夜”“通宵不睡”。如：
① Don’t stay up too late. It’s bad for your health. 不要熬夜太晚，這對你身體不好。
② We sometimes let the children stay up late. 有時我們讓孩子們晚一點睡。
★stay away意為“遠離某人或某物”，常與from連用。如：
① Stay away from my daughter! 離我的女兒遠點。
② She was ill and stayed away from school for two days. 她病了，兩天沒上學。
★stay in意為“呆在家里”。如：
① In the evenings, we usually stay in and read. 晚上我們通常呆在家里看書。
② I won’t go out today; I’ll stay in and work. 今天我不出去了，我留在家里工作。
★stay用作名詞，意為“停留”時是可數名詞，但通常用單數形式，表示在某地的停留期間，其前可用介詞during，一般不用in。如：
① He had a short stay here. 他曾在這里短期停留過。
② I went to see my aunt during my stay in Beijing. 在北京逗留期間，我去看了我姑姑。
25. a bit與a little的用法比較
★a bit和a little用在肯定句中修飾形容詞或副詞時可通用，表示“一點”，“有些”。如：
① It’s a bit/a little cold today. 今天有點冷。
② He’s a bit/a little tried. 他有點疲倦。
③ This pair of shoes is a bit/a little too large for me. 這雙鞋我穿有點大。
★然而not a bit和not a little的意思完全相反。not a bit表示“一點也不”；not a little表示“非常”，相當于very。如：
① I’m not a bit tired. 我一點也不疲倦。
② I’m not a little tired. 我非常疲倦。
★用a bit of或a little修飾不可數名詞，表示“少量的”“一點”。如：
① Please give me a bit of/a little bread. 請給我一點面包。
② Please lend me a bit of/a little money. 請借給我一些錢。
【注】a little of后面的名詞一般為特指，表示“……中的一些”。如：
① May I have a bit of/a little of your ink? 用一點你的墨水好嗎？
26. laugh一詞的用法
★laugh用作動詞，意為“笑”“大笑”。如：
① His joke made everyone laugh. 他講的笑話使得人人都笑了。
② They all laughed to themselves. 他們都暗自發笑。
③ Her eyes are laughing. 他的眼里露出笑意。
④ It’s was so funny that we couldn’t stop laughing.
這太好笑了，我們忍不住大笑起來。
⑤ Nobody laughs at his jokes. 沒有人聽了他的笑話而發笑。
★laugh out loud意為“放聲大笑”。如：
① They all laughed out loud when they heard his story.
聽了他的故事后，他們都放聲大笑起來。
② Don’t laugh out loud. They are having a meeting. 不要大聲笑，他們在開會。
★laugh at somebody意為“嘲笑某人”“譏笑某人”，是貶義的短語。如：
① Don’t laugh at a person who is in trouble. 不要嘲笑處于困境的人。
② She is not afraid to laugh at herself. 她不怕自我解嘲。
③ It’s not polite to laugh at others. 嘲笑別人是不禮貌的。
④ Don’t laugh at him. He can’t help the way he speaks.
別笑他，他實在改不掉那樣的說話方式。
★laugh用作名詞，意為“笑聲”“笑”。如：
① He said with a short laugh. 他笑了笑說。
② Her jokes got a lot of laughs. 她的笑話博得了不少笑聲。
③ We all had a good laugh at what he had written. 他寫得東西叫我們笑得很開心。
④ His story raised a laugh in the whole class. 他的故事使得全班笑起來。
27. Miss you. 思念你。
★miss用作及物動詞，意為“相念”“思念”。如：
① We’ll miss you very much if you move. 如果你搬家，我們會很想念你的。
② We’ve missed you badly since you left. 你走之后，我們都非常想念你。
③ What did you miss most when you lived abroad? 你在國外生活的時候最懷念的是什么?
★miss用作動詞，表示“錯過”“沒趕上”。如：
① You can’t afford to miss meals when you are in training.
你在接受訓練時，可不能不吃飯啊。
② She said she was sorry to have missed you. 她說她沒有見著你很遺憾。
③ She regretted having missed the film. 她后悔沒看上那場電影。
④ I’m afraid we have missed the point. 恐怕我們沒有抓住要點。
⑤ His house is on the left side at the end of the road, so you can’t miss it.
他的房子在道路盡頭的左邊，所以你不會看不見的。
★miss用作動詞，意為“漏掉”“沒打中”“沒接住”。如：
① He shot at the bird but missed. 他向鳥開槍，但是沒有打中。
② I threw the ball to him but he missed it. 我把球扔給他，但他沒有接著。
③ You have missed out one word. 你漏掉了一個字。
★missing用作形容詞，意為“丟失的”“下落不明的”。如：
① He is said to be missing. 據說他失蹤了。
② Is anything else missing? 還有什么東西丟失嗎？
③ The little boy has been missing from home for two days.
那個小男孩已經失蹤兩天未歸了。
28. Usually, the clauses begin with words such as ‘when’, ‘since’, ‘because’ and ‘where’.
通常，這些從句都以 ‘when’, ‘since’, ‘because’和 ‘where’此類詞開頭。
★usually用作副詞，意為“通常地”“平常地”“慣常地”。如：
① What time do you usually get up? 你平常什么時候起床？
② I am not usually so late. 我平時并不來得這么遲。
③ The baby usually wakes up at six. 這嬰兒通常六點醒來。
④ Usually, they go out on Sundays. 他們通常星期天外出。
★usual用作形容詞，意為“通常的，慣常的”，用來指事物，含有“由于長時間沒有變化而形成了一種習慣或制度”之意，其反義詞為unusual。如：
① He arrived later than usual. 他到得比平時晚。
② It is usual for him to sit up late at night. 他對熬夜已習以為常。
③ I sat in my usual seat. 我坐在慣常坐的座位上。
④ It’s a usual thing with him. 這對他來說是平常事。
★as usual是一個習慣短語，意為“跟往常一樣”“像平常一樣”“照例”。如：
① As usual, he had forgotten something. 他跟往常一樣又忘了什么東西。
② As usual, Mark was the last to arrive. 跟往常一樣，馬克是最后一個到的。
③ He works very hard as usual. 他跟往常一樣努力工作。
29. begin with的用法
★ begin with意為“以……開始”“以……開頭”。如：
① The meeting began with a song. 那次會議是以一首歌開始的。
② This word begins with “L”. 這個單詞以“L”開頭。
③ A year begins with January. 一年開始于1月。
④ The story began with a plane crash. 這個故事以一宗飛機墜毀事件為開始。
★to begin with意為“首先”“第一”，主要指當說話或寫作時有幾個觀點要表述，可以按順序優先依次用to begin with, secondly等來表示。
① It can’t be done. To begin with, there’s no time to plan it, and secondly, we haven’t got enough men.
這事無法做。首先，沒有時間制定計劃；第二，人手不夠。
② We can’t possibly go. To begin with, it’s too far and we can’t afford it either.
我們不可能去。一來那里太遠了；二來我們也沒有那么多錢。
③ I am not going. To begin with I have no ticket, and secondly I don’t like this play.
我不去。一來我沒有票，二來我不喜歡這部戲。
④ I can’t come. To begin with, I have no time. Besides, I don’t feel well.
我不能來。第一是沒有時間；其次是因為身體不太舒服。
★to begin with意為“起初”“開始”，相當于at first。如：
① To begin with, we had very little support. 開始時，我們幾乎沒有多少支持。
② To begin with he had no money, but later he became quite rich.
開始時他沒有錢，后來他相當富有了。
③ To begin with, the weather was bad, but it improved later in the week.
這周開始天氣很差，但后來好轉了。
★begin by意為“以某種方式開始”。如：
① The teacher began by telling a joke. 老師上課前先講了個笑話。
② I should like to begin by thanking everybody for coming. 首先，我想謝謝各位光臨。
③ I began by explaining the situation. 我以解釋情況作為開始。
30. Do not try to repair the robot yourself unless you are an expert.
如果你不是內行的話，你就別設法自己去修機器人。
★try to do的意思是“盡力去做(某事)”，相當于try one’s best to do。如：
① We tried to stop him smoking in bed, but he would not do it.
我們大家試圖阻止他在床上吸煙，但他就是不聽。
② Of course the exercises are difficult, but you must try to do them by yourself.
當然這些練習是很難的，但你必須設法獨立完成。
③ He tried to pass the exam, but failed. 他盡力想通過考試，但是沒能及格。
④ Please try to be home by eleven o’clock. 請盡量在十一點之前回家。
⑤ I tried hard not to laugh when I saw his new haircut.
看到他新理的頭發時，我強忍著才沒笑出來。
★try doing表示“試著做(某事)”。如：
① If the car won’t start, try pushing it. 如果車發動不起來就試著推推它。
② Try putting the aerial over there－it might work better.
試試將天線放在那里--可能效果會好點。
③ If you can’t turn the key, try putting some oil in the lock.
如果你轉不動鑰匙，試著往鎖里倒點油。
④ If it doesn’t work this way, why not try doing it another way?
如果這樣不行的話，為什么不試著用另一種方法來做呢？
⑤ If something gets into your eye(s), try washing with cool boiled water as soon as possible.
如果遇到異物不慎進入眼里，盡快試著用涼開水沖洗。
【注】try to do是指“試圖”“想要”“設法”“努力”去做某事，不強調結果，其結果可能完成（或成功），也可能沒完成；而manage to do則表示“設法而且完成了（某件困難的事）”，且manage后只跟動詞不定式。如：
① I managed to get what I wanted. 我設法得到了我想要的東西。
② Finally we managed to get there in time. 最終我們設法按時到了那兒。
③ How do you manage to stay so slim? 你是如何把身體保持得這么苗條的？
④ He managed to get the work done with very little help.
他在幾乎沒有幫助的情況下設法完成了工作。
⑤ He tried to escape from the fire, but couldn’t find the fire escapes.
他企圖逃出火海，但找不到太平梯。（沒成功）
⑥ He managed to escape from the fire, though hardly hurt.
盡管受了重傷，他還是設法逃離了火海。（成功了）
31. There is no need to send your robot back to the shop every year.
沒有必要每年都把機器人送回商店。
★There’s no need for you to thank me可說成It’s not necessary for you to thank me，意思是“你不必謝我”。Need在這里是名詞，表示“必要”“義務”，常用于There’s no need (for sb.) to do…句型，注意這里名詞need后面用不定式作定語，而不用動詞-ing形式。再如：
① There’s no need for you to come (= You don’t have to come) if you don’t want to.
如果你不想來，就不必來。
② There’s no need to hurry. We have still got a few minutes left.
不必匆忙，我們還有幾分鐘時間呢。
★名詞need作“需要”“需求”解。如：
① He’s badly in need of a room to live in. 他急需一間房子居住。
② There’s a growing need for food in this area. 這一地區對食品的需要在增長。
③ They supplied all our needs. 他們向我們提供了一切需要的東西。
④ A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。
⑤ We are collecting money for families in need (= poor families).
我們在為貧困家庭募捐。
【注】need可作情態動詞或實義動詞。在疑問句中，既可說Need he come?也可說Does he need to come? 在否定句中，既可說He needn’t come也可說He doesn’t need to come; 在陳述句中，need后面只能接不定式，不能用作情態動詞，只能說He needs to come，不能說He need come。
【注】當我們說I didn’t need to go there時，其含義可能是So I didn’t go there，也可能是But I went there。
9B Unit 2 Robots（2）
第二單元 機器人
32. Unless you want a longer battery life, you can keep your robot switched on all the time.
如果你想縮短電池使用時間，你可以讓你的機器人一直開著。
★switch on意為“打開”“接通電源”，相當于turn on。如：
① Please switch the radio on. I want to listen to the news.
請把收音機打開。我想聽一下新聞。
② Switch on the light, please. It’s dark here. 請打開燈，這里太暗了。
③ Please switch it on if you want to watch TV. 如果你想看電視，請把它打開。
★switch off意為“關閉”“關掉電源”，相當于turn off。如：
① The TV made a loud noise. Please switch it off.
這電視機發出的聲音太吵鬧了，請把它關掉。
② Switch off the TV when you are doing your homework. 做作業時，把電視關了。
③ Don’t forget to switch off the cooker. 別忘了關掉爐子。
★switch用作動詞，意為“轉變”“改變”“交換”。如：
① Don’t switch the subject of our conversation. 不要轉移我們談話的主題。
② They switched the light from green to red. 他們把綠燈換成了紅燈。
③ He is always switching from one job to another. 他老是在變換工作。
④ The match has been switched from Saturday to Sunday. 比賽從星期六改到星期天進行。
★switch用作名詞，意為“開關”“電閘”“改變”。如：
① I want to buy a light switch. 我想買一個電燈開關。
② Please turn off the switch. 請關掉開關。
③ There is a switch in the timetable. 時間表作了一個變更。
33. all the time等詞組的用法
★all the time意為“一直”“一向”“向來”，強調在某一段時間內一直做某事。如：
① They are talking all the time. 他們一直在不停地交談。
② The baby kept crying all the time. 那嬰兒一直在不停地哭。
③ I looked everywhere for my keys and they were in the door all the time.
我到處找鑰匙，沒想到鑰匙一直插在門上。
★at times = sometimes，意為“有時”“間或”。如：
① The tide is, at times, very high. 潮水有時會漲得很高。
② At times he is late for work. 有時候他上班遲到。
③ At times I go out to the beach. 有時候我到海灘去。
【注】times還要表示“時代”“時期”的意思。如：
① Work hard, or you will fall behind the times. 努力學習，不然你就會落后時代。
② Don’t worry about me. I’ll go with the times. 不要擔心我，我會隨大流。
③ He is one of the best writers of the times. 他是當代最偉大的作家之一。
④ Times are hard for the unemployed. 失業者的日子很難熬。
⑤ Computers are used in every field in modern times. 在現代電腦運用于各個領域。
⑥ Women were looked down upon in the ancient times. 婦女在古代受到歧視。
★at one time意為“從前”“曾經”。如：
① At one time there were not so many cars in the street. 從前街上沒有那么多汽車。
② We were good friends at one time, but now we are not.
我們曾經是好朋友，但現在不是了。
★at a time意為“依次”“逐一”“每次”。如：
① We can’t do two things at a time. 我們不能一次做兩件事。
② He slept for hours at a time. 他一次睡了幾個小時。
③ The doctor asked me to take the bills two at a time. 醫生叫我每次服兩粒藥。
★at the same time意為“同時”“但是”“然而”。如：
① Don’t all speak at the same time. 大家別同時說。
② She was laughing and crying at the same time. 他一面笑一面哭。
③ This is a difficult problem, at the same time it is very interesting.
這是個困難的問題，但卻非常有趣。
④ It is expensive. At the same time, I think it is useful. 它很貴，但我認為它很實用。
★ahead of time意為“提前”。如：
① They finished the work ahead of time. 他們提前完成了任務。
② He handed in his paper ahead of time. 他提前交卷了。
③ They arrived ahead of time. 他們提前到達了。
★for the first time意思是“第一次”“首次”，表示有生以來或一段時間中第一次做某事，在句中一般單獨作狀語。如：
① They talked on the internet for the first time. 他們第一次在網上交談。
② I saw her at the wedding party for the first time. 我第一次見她是在那次婚宴上。
③ He will go to Tibet for the first time this summer. 今天夏天他將第一次去西藏。
④ They were invited to an important ball for the first time in their life.
他們生平第一次應邀出席一個重要的舞會。
★in time意為“及時”“不太晚”“來得及”。如：
① If you hurry, you’ll be in time for the last bus. 如果你快點，你還能趕上最后一班車。
② He was just in time for the flight. 他剛好來得及趕上那班飛機。
③ She will be back in time to watch the football match. 她還來得及回來觀看足球比賽。
★on time意為“準時”“不早不晚”。如：
① The train was on time. 火車很準時。
② He comes to school on time every day. 他每天準時到校。
③ The plane took off on time. 飛機準時起飛。
34. Unless you want your robot to go to school with you, we recommend that you keep it at home.
如果你不想讓你的機器人和你一起去上學，我們建議你把它留在家里。
★recommend用作動詞，意為“建議”，后接從句時，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，其中should或would可以省略。如：
① The teacher recommended that we should read the novel. 老師建議我們讀那本小說。
② The doctor recommended that I (should) stay a few more days in hospital.
醫生建議我在醫院多呆幾天。
③ Her father recommended that she (would) go there by plane.
她的父親建議她乘飛機去那時。
【注】recommend sb. to do sth. 意為“勸告/建議某人做某事”。如：
① They recommended us to discuss the question with the others.
他們建議我們和其他人討論一下這個問題。
② We’d recommend you to book your flight early. 我們建議你早點預訂機票。
③ I recommended him to be careful with the work. 我告訴他工作要小心。
④ I’d not recommend you to go there alone. 我建議你不要孤身一人去那兒。
【注】recommend后可接doing，意為“勸告/建議做某事”，相當于recommend sb. to do sth.結構。如：
① I recommend meeting his first. 我建議先去看看他。
② I recommend buying this dictionary. 我建議買這本字典。
③ I recommended walking in the park first before shopping.
我建議先在公園散步，然后去買東西。
★recommend用作動詞，還可表示“推薦”“介紹”。如：
① Can you recommend me some books to read? 你能不能給我推薦幾本書看？
② You can recommend us another hotel. 你可以給我們再推薦一家旅館。
③ I’ll go to see the doctor they recommended. 我將去找他們推薦的醫生去看病。
④ He recommended this kind of soap to us. 他向我們推薦這種肥皂。
★recommend…for…意為“推薦……作某種用途/做某工作”。如：
① What would you recommend for getting ink stains from my blouse?
你說我用什么可以洗掉我襯衫上的墨水污痕？
② Who do you recommend for this job. 你推薦誰來干這個工作？
③ We recommended her for our monitor. 我們推薦她做我們的班長。
35. copy一詞的用法
★copy用作名詞，意為“副本”“復制品”“抄寫”。如：
① I kept a copy of the letter I wrote. 我留下了一份我寫的信的副本。
② The painting isn’t an original, of course, it is only a copy.
這油畫當然并非真跡，只是復制品而已。
③ I need three copies of the letter. 這封信我需要三份復印件。
★copy用作動詞，意為“制成副本”“抄寫”“復寫”“模仿”“抄襲”。如：
① Copy this passage in your notebook. 將這一節抄寫在你們的筆記本上。
② Watch me and copy what I do. 看著我，照我的樣子做。
③ I want you to copy carefully from this model. 我要你仔細地照這個模式仿制。
④ Please copy down his address. 請把他的地址抄下來。
⑤ It is illegal to copy videos. 復制錄像帶是違法的。
⑥ He was caught copying from his neighbor in the exam.
他被發現考試時抄襲鄰座的答案。
36. I’m talking about a robot exhibition, not any other things related to robots.
我在談論機器人展覽會的事，而沒有談任何與機器人有關的事。
★related用作形容詞，常與to連用，意為“與……有關的”或“與……有親戚關系的”。如：
① The fall in the cost of living is directly related to the drop in the oil price.
生活費用下降直接與石油價格下跌有關。
② The related questions will be solved in three weeks.
相關問題會在三個星期后得到解決。
③ I am related to her by my marriage. 我與她有姻親關系。
★relate用作動詞，也常與to連用，可意為“把……聯系起來”“敘述”有良好關系等。如：
① The police are still trying to relate these two pieces of evidence.
警方一直試圖找出這兩個證據的關聯。
② I can’t relate what he does to what he says. 我無法將他所做的事和他說的話聯系起來。
③ She related to them how it happened. 她給她們講述事情發生的經過。
④ The two men just can’t relate to each other. 那兩個人怎么也合不來。
★relation用作名詞，可意為“關系”“親戚”等。如：
① Relations between the two countries are getting worse.
這兩個國家之間的關系正在日益惡化。
② He is a near/disant relation of mine. 他是我的近/遠親。
37. However, I am not at all satisfied with this robot and I would like to get my money back.
但是，我對這臺機器人一點也不滿意，我想拿回我的錢。
★句子中satisfied是形容詞，意思是“滿意的”“滿足的”，用作表語時，其主語通常是人；也可用作定語，但也只能用來指人。be satisfied with是固定的詞組，意思是“對……感到滿意”。如：
① I felt quite satisfied after my big meal. 一頓大餐之后我感到很滿足。
② I am satisfied with his answer. 我對他的回答感到滿意。
③ Are you satisfied with what he said? 你對他所說的話滿意嗎？
④ He left my room with a satisfied smile. 他帶著滿意的微笑離開了我的房間。
⑤ He began to smoke a cigarette with a satisfied air. 他開始帶著滿意的神情抽煙。
★satisfying也是形容詞，它的意思是“令人滿意的”，通常用來作表語或定語，著重指一件事或一種情況。如：
① This is a satisfying result. 這是一個令人滿意的結果。
② The dinner is satisfying. 這頓飯是令人滿意的。
★satisfy用作動詞，意思是“使滿意”“滿足”。如：
① Nothing satisfies him. He’s always complaining.
沒有什么東西能使他滿意，他老是在發牢騷。
② The food satisfied his hunger. 這些食物使他消除了饑餓。
③ She has satisfied the conditions for entering the college.
她已經符合了這所學院的入學條件。
④ Will this information satisfy your curiosity? 這個消息會符合你的好奇心嗎？
⑤ Riches do not always satisfy. 財富永遠不會使人滿足。
★satisfy用作動詞，還可表示“使確信”“使消除疑慮”的意思。如：
① He satisfied me that he could do the work well. 他使我相信他能夠把這件事做好。
② Have you satisfied with yourself of the truth of the report?
你確信那報告的真實性嗎？
38. Also, its batteries only lasted for one week. 而且它的電池僅能維持一個星期。
★last用作動詞，意為“持續”“維持”“持久”。如：
① Our food