教學內容：語法填空的解題指導及相關練習。

三維目標：、

（1） 知識目標：了解新題型語法填空的命題特點、解題方法及技巧。

（2） 能力目標：熟練掌握�？嫉恼Z法點，正確運用八條解題思路及備考策略。

（3） 情感目標：揭開語法填空的神秘面紗，使學生樹立信心，從容應對。

教學方法：演繹歸納法，通過對此新題型的講解和歸納，使學生能夠更容易從方法上去把握，從練習中去體會其解題的規律。

教學重點：語法填空的解題方法及技巧。

教學難點：動詞（時態、語態、非謂語動詞）的把握，各種從句連詞的選擇。

教學課時：3~4課時

教學用具：多媒體課件；黑板；

教學過程：

Step 1 Introduction

語法填空題是廣東省2007高考的一種新題型。在一篇大約180多詞的、難度適中的短文中，挖出10個空格，每空1.5分，滿分15分。有的空格后有提示，有的沒有提示，要求完成固定短語搭配、語法填空、詞形變化等。因為不給出任何選項，這就加大了學生做題的難度，對學生提出了更高的要求。因此，我們平時必須不斷的加強這一方面的訓練，到高考時才能從容鎮定，應對自如。

Step 2 Main content

一、命題特點

1．所選短文大約180多詞，難度適中，基本符合高中生閱讀。

2．挖空一般較均勻，不過密也不過疏。所缺的地方一般不會影響學生對文章的理解。

3．出題更多的是從詞匯搭配和語言知識的運用上著手，上下文的理解放在相對次要的位置。

4．出題一般涉及到以下幾個方面：1）動詞與介詞或副詞搭配構成的固定動詞短語；2）冠詞的用法；3）連詞的用法，包括從屬連詞和并列連詞；4）派生詞的用法；5）動詞的適當形式；6）情態動詞的用法；7）定語從句、名詞性從句的引導詞等。

二、解題方法及技巧

1．通讀全文，把握大意。

通讀全文的目的是為了把握全文的大意，為下一步填空做好語義上的準備。因為語義決定著空白處應填一個什么樣的詞語并采用什么樣的語法形式。在通讀全文的過程中，為了準確地把握其大意，很有必要弄清文章的題材，體裁，中心思想，寫作線索，篇章結構，段落層次，邏輯關系，詞句理解等。這樣有助于考生真正讀懂文章大意，也有利于填空時進行必要的邏輯推理。

2．仔細閱讀，嘗試填空。

在通讀全文，基本把握文章大意之后，就可以著手嘗試填空了。這一步是解題的關鍵，是一個對每個段落層次以及整個語篇中的詞匯、句子、語義、語言結構和上下文語境進行綜合分析并做出判斷的復雜的思維過程，也是對每個考生的英語語法基本功，英語語篇的感覺能力，和運用英語思維的檢驗過程。

做題時，要求考生對空白處的詞性能作出迅速的判斷，對文章句子的結構能作出準確的分析。然后才能準確無誤地填出答案。

3．復讀全文，檢查答案。

所有的空白處都填好了。這時，我們有必要把整篇文章從頭至尾復讀一遍。從語義和邏輯的角度審視全文，從詞義辨析，詞語搭配，和習慣用語等方方面面仔細推敲，看其語法是否正確，行文是否通順流暢，條理是否清晰，邏輯是否合理，是否符合語感。要仔細揣摩，準確定奪。

另外，還要特別注意單詞的拼寫，千萬不能犯由于單詞寫錯而導致失分的低級錯誤。

三、備考策略

1．不斷記憶，積累詞匯。

2．夯實基礎，學好語法。

3．大聲朗讀，培養語感。

語感是一種對語言、語段或詞句的感受能力，是一種看不見摸不著的東西，但在做填空題時又是必不可少的東西。嫻熟的語感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平時的學習過程中多聽，多讀，尤其是大聲朗讀猶為重要。在早讀或晚讀時間，拋開顧忌，放開喉嚨，大聲朗讀，對培養語感是非常重要的。如果通過朗讀能夠多背誦一些課文是再好不過的了。語感在你的朗讀和背誦課文的過程中，不知不覺地逐步形成了。

4．堅持不懈，多做練習。

總之，“冰凍三尺，非一日之寒�！眰淇颊Z法填空題，平時既要積累扎實的基本功，又要掌握一定的解題技巧。只有這樣，在高考中我們才能旗開得勝。

四．語法填空題的四大命題特點

1. 考查語法。每一個空格的設置都必定涉及到某一條或某幾條語法規則，不會單純考查單詞的拼寫和詞組的用法。

例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they____ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.

解析：因allow與they在邏輯上是動賓關系，要用被動語態，用be

allowed；由had, left可知be是一般過去式；主語是復數they，be的過去式是were，答案是were allowed。

點評：此題就涉及到動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致三條語法規則。

例 2 The ____ why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.

解析：因為why 引導的定語從句，前面的先行詞一定是reason。

點評：此題看起來好像是考查填入恰當的名詞，但實際上是考查定語從句。

像下題這樣重點考查單詞拼寫的試題，在高考語法填空題中出現的機會是不大的。

例3 It was ___(笨拙的) to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.

解析：此題答案為awkward。

點評：解答此題與句子意思理解無關，與語境更無關系，也與語法規則無多大關系，只考查單詞的識記。

2. 考慮語境。既然采用短文的形式來考查語法，其目的就是要利用短文有較強語境的特點來命題，否則，就不如用單句來考查語法了。也就是說，考生要填出正確答案，至少需理解整個句子的意思或各分句之間的邏輯關系，或者需要理解前后幾個句子，甚至整個段落或篇章。

例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970's pollution control efforts…

解析：在冠詞the后必定是名詞，再根據下句可確定要填cities。

點評：本題若只根據設空句本身，而不閱讀并理解下文，是不可能填出正確答案的。

誠然，像下列之類無需考慮語境的試題也有可能出現，但筆者認為，即使有，也不會多。

例5 I should have known when to hold fast and when to let go, which can help me avoid __ (feel) great pressure and upset.

解析：因為在avoid后作賓語的動詞只能用-ing形式，所以答案為feeling。

點評：只要知道avoid 后接動詞的-ing形式，就可填出答案，考生無需理解上下文，也無需理解本句句意即可填出答案，即解答此題無需考慮語境。

3. 考點分散�；�本上一個空格代表一個語法點，10個空有可能涉及到10個語法點，至少也得有7個語法點。筆者認為，即使對一些非常重要的語法項目，如動詞時態、非謂語動詞、不定代詞等，單獨一項也可能是一空，至多兩空，設三空的可能性是極小的。

4. 適當提示。

例6 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, (reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.

解析：reach及后面的內容是伴隨著謂語動詞的發生而產生的自然結果，用現在分詞作狀語，故填reaching。

例7 It would be _____ (believe) that such an honest fellow

should have betrayed his friends!

解析：因為在系動詞be后作表語，要用believe的形容詞形式believable；由句意“這樣一個老實人竟會出賣朋友，真難以置信!”可知，還要在前面加上表示相反意義的前綴un，答案為 unbelievable。

Step 3 Explanation and deduction

五、典型例題示范

閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為36-45的相應位置。

Eric Clapton is one of the most __36_(success) rock stars of alltime. He has sold millions of copies of his records_37______ has

appeared in concerts all over the world.

Clapton was born in 1945 in a small town, __38__ is near London. When he was only two years old, his mother left him. Eric was brought __39__ by his grandparents. Until he was nine he believed that they were his parents and it was __40__ terrible shock when he found out that they weren't. But his grandparents treated him well. They paid for him _41_(go) to art college. __42___ Eric had already become interested in music and he started

playing the guitar in bars and clubs.

Clapton first became famous when he started a group __43__ (call) Cream. Not only __44 he play the guitar and sing but also he could write excellent songs. But while on stage he was the brilliant guitar-playing superstar, his private life was falling apart. __45_ his marriage broke off, he started taking drugs.

答案：

36. successful 37. and 38. which 39. up 40. a

41. to go 42. but 43. called 44. could45. After

本篇文章粗略地介紹了超級搖滾巨星Eric Clapton的生活。

36. 此處應該填形容詞successful.

37. 他已經出售了成百萬張唱片，而且也出現在全世界的音樂會上。前后兩部分在語義上是并列關系。因此填and.

38. 此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是地點在從句中缺少主語，故用which.

39. 當他兩歲的時候，他媽媽就離開了他。Eric當然是由爺爺奶奶撫養長大。因此我們填brought up. 此處是被動語態。

40. 當他了解到他們不是（他的父母親時），那是一個非常糟糕的打擊。shock 在這里是抽象名詞具體化，因此用不定冠詞a.

41. 但是爺爺奶奶對他很好，他們出錢讓他去美術學院。Pay for sb. to do sth.

42. 但是Eric已經對音樂產生了興趣，他開始在酒吧和夜總會彈吉他。此處表示轉折關系，用But.

43. 他創辦了一個名叫Cream 的樂隊，由此就成名了。a group 和call 之間是動賓關系，因此我們填called，過去分詞短語做后置定語。.

44. 根據后半句也可知。他不僅能邊彈吉他邊唱歌，而且還能寫優秀的歌曲。

45. 在舞臺上，他是一個才華橫溢的超級巨星。（但是）他的私生活卻在逐步的土崩瓦解。在他的婚姻生活結束之后，他開始了吸毒。根據文章的意思，此處應該用介詞after.

六．解答語法填空題的八條思路

要做好語法填空題，理解短文是解題的前提，扎實的詞匯、句型和語法知識是基礎，英語國家背景知識是必要的補充�，F以下題為例，談談語法填空題的解題思路。

閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空：

A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 precious than money. Why? 2 when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is 3 , it will never return.

4 is known to all that the time we can use is limited.

Therefore we should make 5 use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in 6 future.

But it is a pity that there are a lot of people 7 do not realize the value of time. They 8 ___ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.

In a word, we should form the good habit of 9 (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today 10 tomorrow.

1. 根據語法知識進行填充

第1題，由than可知，precious要用比較級，多音節形容詞的比較級在前面加more，故此題答案為more。

第7題，因there are…是個句子，do not…應是一個定語從句，缺主語，先行詞是人，應填who。

2. 根據邏輯關系進行填充

就是根據上下文的邏輯關系來解題。

第2題，因前句用Why提問，應當用Because來回答，故此題答案是Because。

3. 根據語篇標志進行填充

語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇間往往有標明內在聯系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標志詞”。如表示結構層次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示邏輯關系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示轉折關系或變換話題的有however, but, by the way等�！罢Z篇標志詞”對迅速理清文章的脈絡，弄清上下文關系很有幫助。

第3題，由However可知，是指當時間失去的時候，表示“失去”是gone。

第5題，由Therefore可知，應充分利用時間，故用形容詞full來修飾名詞use。

4. 根據固定詞組進行填充

熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulate…on…, devote…to…, earn one’s living, keep one’s word, make up one’s mind等，對解題很有幫助。

第6題，表示“在將來”是固定詞組in the future。

5. 根據句型搭配進行填充

就是根據一些常用的句型搭配，如so/such…that…, it is…(for sb.) to do sth., There is no doubt that…, there is no sense in doing sth.等來解題。

第4題，作形式主語，用It，真正的主語是后面的that從句。

6. 根據詞匯知識進行填充

指根據某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題。如下列各類動詞必須牢記：只能接動詞的-ing形式作賓語的動詞，只能接to do作賓語的動詞，接to do作補語的動詞，接do作補語的動詞，接doing或done作補語的動詞，對句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語，等等。

第8題，由time smoking可想到是spend time (in) doing句型，這是由spend的用法特別所決定的；這里是一般現在時，主語是復數，填spend。

第9題，因of是介詞，介詞后的動詞通常要用-ing形式，故填saving。

7. 根據生活常識進行填充

第10題，結合生活常識，不難理解句意為“不要把今天能做的事推遲到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till。

8. 根據文化背景進行填充

就是根據英語國家的文化背景知識來解題。

如After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church_______.

這句話的意思是“水災后鄧先生一貧如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse（一貧如洗），所以此處填mouse。

又如Nobody wants to go out, for it is raining cats and ______ now.

這句話的意思是“因為外面大雨滂沱，沒有人想出去”。It rains cats and dogs.是“大雨滂沱”之意，故此處填dogs。

當然，上述的解題思路不可能萬試萬靈。扎實的語言知識和綜合語言運用能力才是解題根本。除掌握解題技巧外，建議同學們做到以下幾點：(1)系統復習語法知識。(2)熟練掌握課標詞匯。(3)堅持每天練習一篇。

語法填空 仔細閱讀下面短文，短文中有10個空格。請按照每小題的語法要求，完成語法填空或詞形變換。

Experiments have proved that children can [1] (instruct)in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at [2] their breath under water even before they can walk. [3] of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long [4] they are so accustomed to swimming [5] they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young [6] (swim) is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool.

Many pedal their tricycles, [7] most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children [8] (情態動詞)cover the whole length of the pool [9] (介詞)coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will

tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage [10] (代詞) among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.

答案與解析：

1. be instructed 因instructed與children是動賓關系，要用被動語態，即“be+動詞的過去分詞”，情態動詞后用動詞原形。

2. holding 由under water可知是“屏住氣”，固定搭配hold one’s breath；又因在介詞(at)后要用動詞的-ing形式。

3. Babies 由上下文可知是指“二個月大的嬰兒”，baby的復數是變y為i再加es。

4. before 因it is not long before…(不久以后就)是固定句型。

5. that 因為so…that…(如此……以致……)是固定句型。

6. swimmers 由with可知，后接的是名詞，又由young和句意可知是指人，即“游泳者”，且為復數。

7. but 前后是轉折關系。

8. can 由語境可知空格單詞意思為“能夠”。

9. without由語境可知是“不用冒出水面呼吸”。

10. those 由語境，特別是among us和后面的who引導的定語從句可知，指“那些人”。

Step 4 Homework and consolidation exercises

補充： 語法填空應測試的能力

2007廣東高考英語語法填空：

[主旨]這是一篇故事。作者講述自己驅車在趕往the Taiyetos Mountains的半路上，在一個窮鄉僻壤的山村附近，汽車卻意外得出了毛病，適值太陽正要落山，正在進退兩難之際，作者被一群樂于助人而又好客的村民相救的難忘經歷。

[考查內容]動詞2個（一個是謂語動詞的一般過去式，一個是過去分詞）；引導詞2個（who引導賓語從句，where引導定語從句）；介詞2個（都是與動詞構成的固定搭配）；不定冠詞1個（表示泛指）；代詞2個（一個是不定代詞作定語，一個是人稱代詞作賓語）；副詞1個（形容詞派生出副詞）。

2007廣東高考英語語法填空考查內容明細表

題號 賦分 答案 注解（此欄為本文作者添加）

31 1.5分 broke 原文提供原形動詞break

32 1.5分 who 賓語從句引導詞

33 1.5分 as 介詞

34 1.5分 settled 原文提供原形動詞settle

35 1.5分 a

36 1.5分 where 狀語從句引導詞

37 1.5分 Other

1.0分 Some

38 1.5分 merrily 原文提供形容詞原級merry

39 1.5分 for 介詞

40 1.5分 her 定語從句的賓語

[2007廣東語法填空試題]

I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage.

I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .

下面是來自閱卷人的信息：

分析一：

從以上評分標準中可以看出，語法填空每空只填一個單詞，

分析二：

從答案形式來分析，原文提供三個詞供考生變化（31題的break, 34題的settle, 38題的merry），兩個須填理解句子成分的從句引導詞（32題的who, 36題的where），兩個需要理解上下文才能填的代詞（37題的Other, 40題的her），兩個接近于是固定搭配的介詞（33題的as, 39題的for），關鍵在于理解句意。

分析三：

37題填where得1.5，填Other得1.0分。平時我們沒有1.0分的說法，更不用說做法了。

分析四：

語法填空要求嚴格區分大小寫，原因是有前后文，而聽取信息是填表格，對大小寫的區分相對不是很嚴格。

反思一：

如果說2007屆高考老師們心里沒底，主要是由于對考綱研究不夠透徹，不夠準確，從07高考英語樣題中可以看出，每空只能添一個單詞。因此，認真研究考綱樣題，剖析考綱樣題，把握考綱樣題，是我們所有高中英語教師的是十分必要的。

反思二：

更重要的是，平時訓練命題，選材，選資料可以更慎重，仔細看看是否符合新高考的

命題細節標準。

注：單詞拼寫錯誤，大小寫未區分不給分。

語法填空專項練習 （1）

In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(億萬富翁) in 2003. The __2_of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41billion, who made his money ____3___starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old ___4_he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire __5__the time he was 31. __6_, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ___7__(young) ages. Otheryoung people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ___8_ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (繼承) a billion dollars when he turned 18!

(2)

Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ thepolice station and a detective drove them ____3___ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5_ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the__6__. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9_____ their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?”

　 (3)

People __1__(live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred __ 2_ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3_ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4___ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5___ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6__ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8__ new word, look it ____9____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book.

(4)

When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _2___ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from __3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ___4___ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _____6____ (have) a look first, or you will go ____7____ wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses ____8_____ two floors. You can sit on the ______9____ (two) floor. From ____10_____ you can see the city very well. It’s very interesting.

(5)

__1 artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women ___2__ any clothes on, and he and his ____3___ always tried to keep the small girl out____4___ he was doing this, “She is ____5_____ young to understand,” they said. But one day, when the artist ____6____ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ___7__ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _____8___ her parents waited for her to speak. For a few seconds the little girl said ____9____, but then she ran to her mother and said ____10_____ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you don’t let me?”

(6)

Most Americans don’t like to get advice ____1___ members of their family. They get advice from “_2___(strange)”. When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. __3_ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines ___4 give advice on many different subjects ____5___ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, ____6___ even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers ____7__ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are ____8_ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, ____9____ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special ____ 10___ (train) for this kind of work.

(7)

Without proper planning, tourism can cause_____1____. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places ___2____ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民) of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become ___3__ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists __4__ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. _____5____ is important to think about the people of a destination country and ___6__ tourism affects them. Tourism should help__7__ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and ___8_____ (happy) of local inhabitants. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism __9__ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work____10_____ the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.

(8)

Why is setting goals so ______1____? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything ____2____ you want in life. Instead ___3____ just letting life happen to you, goals allow ____4_____ to make your life happen. ____5_____ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you aretaking control of your life. It’s __6___ having a map to show you ____7____ you want to go. Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and _____8___ (set) goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set, and ____9____aren’t difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are ___10_one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life.

參考答案 :

(1) 1 reported 2 richest/wealthiest 3 by 4 when 5 by

6 However 7 younger 8 Both 9 acting 10 the

(2) 1 had been stolen 2 at 3 back 4 amazement 5 and

6 hospital 7for 8 the 9 that 10 another

(3) 1 living 2 languages 3 or 4 all 5 Before 6 bigger

7 written 8 a 9 up 10 most

(4) 1 because 2 and 3 work 4 dangerous 5 too 6 Have

7 the 8 with 9 second 10 there

(5) 1 An 2 without 3 wife 4 when/while 5 too

6 was painting 7 after 8 Both 9 nothing 10 angrily

(6) 1 from 2 strangers 3 Instead 4 that/which 5 including 6 and 7 regularly 8 answers 9 others 10 training

(7) 1 problems 2 that/which 3 annoyed 4 and 5 It

6 how 7 a 8 happiness 9 grows 10 in

(8) 1 important 2 that 3 of 4 yourself 5 Successful

6 like 7 where 8 setting 9 they 10 the

語法填空補充練習（共25篇）

語言結構1（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

Elephants are the biggest animals ___1____ live on land. Some whales are bigger than elephants ___2___ whales live in the sea. When ___3____ (bear), a baby elephant ____4___ (weigh) about 91 kilograms. That is the weight of a ___5___ (grow) man. It is about 91 cm high. At the age of six, it is about 183 cm high. It is not until it reaches the age of 12 that it ___6___ growing. It may be 320 cm high. African elephants are bigger than Indian elephants. African elephant have much bigger ears. Elephants have very long noses ___7____ we call trunks. Elephants have longer noses than any ____8___ animal. The elephant can use ___9___ trunk to smell things and it can pick up things ____10___ the tip of its trunk. The tip of its trunk can be used like a hand. Can you do that like an elephant?

語言結構1參考答案

1.that 2 but 3 born 4. weighs 5 grown

6 stops 7 which 8. other 9. its 10 with

I．語言結構2 （共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

If the population of the Earth keeps on ____1____ (increase) at its present rate, there will ____2____ (event) not be enough resources left to support life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we ____3____ (use up) all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on Earth will make it ____4___ for us to look for open somewhere else. But ___5___ of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, ___6___, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagan believes that ____7____ the Earth’s resources are completely ____8____(exhaust) it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and ___9___ create a new world almost as large as Earth itself. Something is difficult. Venus is much hotter than the Earth. ___10___, there is only a tiny amount of water there.

語言結構2參考答案

1. increasing 2 eventually 3 will have used up 4 necessary 5 none

6. however 7 before 8 exhausted 9 so/therefore 10. Besides

I．語言結構3（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

On the coast of Cuba ___1___ an old fisherman. He was thin and had many deep lines in the back of his neck. His skin was very brown, and his ___2___ were marked by pulling heavy fish at the end of ropes. But all these marks were old. Every part of him seemed old ____3___ his eyes. These were cheerful and the same color ___4___the sea. For 84 days the old man did not catch any fish. People said that he was ___5___(luck). ___6____the old man still loved the sea. He was still strong and a good fisherman. On the 85th day the old man sailed farther out to the sea than ___7___ of the other boats. He sailed to ___8___ the water was very deep. Then he felt fishing-line ___9____(pull）gently by a big fish which ___10___(swim) very deep in the water.

語言結構3參考答案

1. lived 2. hands 3. except 4 as 5. unlucky

6 But 7. any 8. where 9. being pulled 10. was swimming

I．語言結構4（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

Dolphins ____1____（become） a popular attraction at zoos in recent years. They are more interesting than lions and tigers ___2____ they are livelier and perform tricks, like circus animals. But ____3____（連詞）they are more willing to cooperate with the trainer than other mammals in captivity, they get bored if they ___4___ (ask) to do the same trick twice. This is one reason ___5___ believing that they are very intelligent.

Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping ____6___(drown) sailors have been common ___7___ Roman times. We now have more reliable evidence of their ___8___ (use) than sailors’ tales. In South Africa, two dolphins have been trained to help swimmers ___9___ difficulties and drive sharks___10___ from the beach.

語言結構4參考答案

1. have become 2 because 3. although/though 4 are asked 5. for

6 drowning 7 since 8. usefulness 9 in 10 away

I．語言結構5 （共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

Is it possible for people to live on Venus in the future?

____1___ the experiments are successful, life will become possible there. ___2___ it will not be pleasant at first. ___3____ they go to Venus, the first colonists will have to take plenty of water with them and get used to days and nights ___4___ (last) 60 earth-days. But there will also be some ____5___. The colonists will live longer because their hearts will suffer ___6___ strain than on earth. ____7_____ that, they will be exploring a new world while ___8___ still on earth are living in closed, uncomfortable conditions. Perhaps, it will be the ___9____ way to ensure the ___10___(survive) of the human race.

語言結構5參考答案

1 If 2 But 3 When 4. lasting 5 advantages

6 less 7 Apart from/ Besides 8 those 9. only 10 survival

I．語言結構6（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

Increasingly, over the past 10 years, people---especially young people---have become aware of the need ____1____（change）their eating habits, ___2___ some of the food they eat, particularly ____3___(process) foods, is not good for health. Therefore , there has been a growing interest in ___4___(nature) foods: foods ___5___ chemical additives and unaffected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in ___6____(farm）today.

It is significant ___7____ nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy ___8___. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries ____9____ the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis ___10____ (place) on the eating of wholemeal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on ‘health eating’.

語言結構6參考答案

1. to change 2 because 3 processed 4 natural 5 without

6. farming 7. that 8. diet 9. where 10. is placed

I．語言結構7（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruits and grains grown in soil ____1___ is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished ___2___ unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. ___3___ in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of ___4___ is to increase the amount---but not the ___5____ ---of foods ___6___ (grow) in commercial farming areas. Natural foods, scientists believe, are healthier and safer.

Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with ___7___ happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and ___8____(feed) on food which is little ___9___ than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only ___10___(taste) as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.

語言結構7參考答案

1. that 2. by 3 This 4 which 5 quality

6 grown 7 what 8 are fed 9. better 10. tasteless

I．語言結構8 （共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

The Second World War came in 1939. It was the war more than ____1___ else which _____2_____（quick）the development of plastics. Scientists all over the world worked harder than they _____3____ (work) before. Plastics and plastic fibers were needed by every wartime department. So it was largely ___4____ the wartime ___5____ we have so many different plastic materials today.

But will the spread of plastics mean the end of natural materials? One day, perhaps, ____6___ might happen. Artists as well as manufacturer are now working with plastics. ____7___ many people still prefer the look and feel of natural materials. The trouble with plastics is ___8____they are ---at the moment---too perfect. Their surfaces are too smooth. Two plastics ____9___ come from the same mould look exactly the same. But two objects made of wood ___10___ look quite the same, even if they have been made by machines in a factory.

語言結構8參考答案

1. anything 2. quickened 3 had worked 4. because of / thanks to / owing to 5 that 6 this 7. But 8. that 9. which 10. never

I．語言結構9（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

It is not likely ___1____ plastic fibers will ever completely take the place of natural fibers. Materials made of plastic fibers are not quite as beautiful to look at ___2___as silk, or quite as soft as wool – at least, not yet. ___3___, clothes made of pure plastic fibers do not ‘breathe’ ___4___ clothes made of natural materials --- at least, not yet! They make the ___5____(wear) feel hot and sticky. ____6___ cloth manufacturers now usually mix cotton or wool with the plastic fibers.

Perhaps we could call ____7___ the Plastic Age. Certainly more and better plastics ___8____（make）in the future. The Germans have manufactured a car which is almost completely made of plastics. The famous British engine builders, Rolls Royce, have produced an aero plane engine, made mostly of plastics. But it is nice to know ___9____for a long time ___10___ (come) sheep will continue to give us their wool, and that the cotton pickers will continue to sing their songs under the sun in the cotton fields.

語言結構9參考答案

1. that 2 as 3. Besides 4. like 5. wearer

6. Therefore/So 7. this 8. will be made 9. that 10. to come

I．語言結構10（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

Sports help people to live happily. They help to keep people healthy and feeling good. ____1___ they are playing games, people move a lot. ____2___ is good for their health. ____3____（have） fun with their friends makes them happy. Many people enjoy sports by watching others play. In small town, crowds meet ____4____（watch）the bicycle races ___5___ the soccer games. In the big cities, thousands buy tickets to see a baseball game and an ice-skating show

What are your favorite sports? Is the climate hot ____6___ you live? Then swimming is probably one of your sports. Boys and girls in China love to swim. There are wonderful beaches along the seashore and there are beautiful rivers and lakes across the country. The weather is also good ___7___ swimming. Or do you live in ___8___ cold climate? Then you would like to ski. Here are many skiers in Austria where ____9___ are big mountains and cold winters. Does it train often ____10____ you live? Then kite flying would not be one of your sports. It is one of favorite sports of Thailand.

語言結構10參考答案

1. When 2. This 3 Having 4 to watch 5 or

6 where 7. for 8 a 9 there 10 where

I．語言結構11（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

There is one holiday in the year, which is completely American, Thanksgiving Day. It is the day ___1___ everyone goes back home to spend the day ___2___ his family.

___3___ is a story of Thanksgiving Day and of one’s efforts to carry on these traditions. Old Pete took his seat this day on his usual bench in Union Square. Every Thanksgiving Day for nine years Pete ____4___ (take) this same seat exactly at one o’clock, and each time the same pleasant thing had happened. ___5___ this time Pete had come here ___6___ from habit than from hunger.

Certainly today Pete was not hungry. He had just had a dinner so enormous that he could ____7___ breathe. The buttons on his ragged shirt and coat were about ___8___ (burst). He was ___9___ full of soup, oysters, roasters, roast turkey, apple pie, ice cream and a dozen other rich foods that the November breeze and the first light fall of snow ___10___(feel) cool and pleasant to his face.

語言結構11參考答案

1. when 2. with 3. This 4. had taken 5. But

6. more 7. hardly 8. to burst 9. so 10 felt

I．語言結構12（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

Can you believe it? There’s a world paper shortage, there’s a national bottle shortage, and we’re running out of raw materials ___1___ timber and tin---or so the papers say. Well. I’ve just ___2___(empty) my shopping basket after my weekly shopping trip and it was full of things made from these scarce materials. Half of ___3___ I’d bought I threw away at once: all those ___4___(necessary) paper bags, plastic bags, fresh wrapping paper and old newspapers they put the food in nowadays.

You can’t ___5___ buy a loaf of bread without getting a piece of paper round it---that’s if you can find a loaf ___6___ hasn’t already been sliced and then wrapped. Supermarkets are the worst offenders. Pieces of meat are put on small plastic trays and ___7___ wrapped in polythene; cartons of cream are put in extrapaper bags at the checkout point, fruit and vegetables ___8___(pack) in plastic bags, cheese is sold ___9___(wrap) in polythene and eggs come in special cardboard ___10___ plastic boxes. Some things are double-packed by the maker: tins of fish come in small cardboard boxes, breakfast cereals are packed in plastic bags inside cardboard containers.

語言結構12參考答案

1. like 2. emptied 3. what 4. unnecessary 5. even

6. that 7. then 8. are packed 9. wrapped 10. or

.

I．語言結構13（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

One day in 1848 a carpenter named Marshall, ___1__（引導詞） worked in a saw mill on the American River in California, made a remarkable discovery. He noticed some bight yellow particles in the water, bent down to ___2__ them ___2___（動詞短語） and took them to his partner, a Mr. Sutter. ___3___(代詞) was the beginning of the Californian Gold Rush. Sutter was a Swiss. The man had come to America some years earlier to make his fortunate（4合并為一個句子）. The governor of California had given him permission to found ___5____(冠詞) settlement in the Sacramento Valley and his ___6____（determine的派生詞） and energy had made him rich. He had built the mill in partnership with Marshall ___7____ (make的正確形式) use of the abundant natural resources of his land.

The news spread across America to Europe and thousands of people joined in search. Those which went by ship had to sail round Cape Horn to reach California but some chose the overland route across America and wagon trains were formed for travelers to make the journey（8改正錯誤）. Even then there were some who _____9______ (prepare的時態) to cross the terrible desert of Death Valley in order to reach the gold a few days ___10____（介詞）the rest.

語言結構13參考答案

1. who 2 pick up 3 This

4 Sutter was a Swiss, who had come to America some years earlier to make his fortunate. 5. a

6 determination 7 to make 8 which ---who 9 were prepared 10 before

I．語言結構14（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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During World War II some men made a ship of ice. They wanted it to carry planes. This idea coming from the Eskimos who sometimes froze thick pieces of Arctic plants into the ice which they used to build their ice houses(1改正錯誤). _______（2代詞）plant material greatly increased the strength of the ice blocks. It also prevented them from melting early in the spring.

During the early days of World War Ⅱ, the British and Americans tried mixing crushed wood material from paper mills with water and freezing it. It was very strong，they found.（3合并句子） A stick of this ____4____ (用strengthen適當的派生詞填空) ice and inch thick would support the weight of six men. A sheet four inches thick would ______ a shot ____（5短語動詞）a gun. It could not be cut with a single blow _____ (6介詞) an axe. The wood material formed a protective blanket ______ （7引導詞）stopped the ice from melting. A five-foot block of this ice was boiled in water for four days ______ ( 8連詞) it melted. It _____（9用動詞的適當形式填空）for weeks in ____ (10冠詞) lake water at sixty degrees Fahrenheit without melting.

語言結構14參考答案

1. coming---came 2 This 3 They found that it was very strong 4 strengthened

5 stop from 6 from 7 which/that 8 before 9 was floated 10 /

I．語言結構15（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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Our modern world is founded on science and on technology too, which is the application of science ___1__（介詞） everyday affairs. Mostly everything we do depends on our modern devices such as automobiles, record players and TV sets(2改正錯誤), and ___3___（代詞） in turn depend on scientific principles. Our future will depend on computers, robots, nuclear power and rockets ships, all of them only make sense if we understand science(4改為定語從句).

If a person ____5____(not understand的正確時態) what makes these things work, they might as well be magic. People without ___6__(冠詞) understanding of science live in a world that makes no sense. They might say, “So what? All I want to do is make a living, have a family and look at the scenery”. This is not so easy. They may find (7合并為一句).

Surely, it will be ____8____(increase的正確派生詞) important, as the years pass, for people to understand science if they are going to be expected to help ____9____(make的正確形式) intelligent decisions about how to use science to save the world and not to destroy it.

That is ___10___(引導詞) it is important to study science even if one is not going to be a scientist.

語言結構15參考答案

1. to 2 Almost 3. these

4. all of which only make sense if we understand science. 5. does not understand

6 . an 7. They may find (that) this is not so easy. 8. increasingly 9 make 10. why

I．語言結構16（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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The Chinese first made paper about 2000 years ago. China still has pieces of paper which were made as long as ___1___. But paper was not made in southern Europe ___2___ abut the year 1100. Scandinavia---which now ___3___(make) a great deal of the world’s paper---did not begin to make it until 1500. ___4___ was a German named Schaeffer who found out that one could make the best paper from trees.

Paper is very good for ___5___ (keep) you warm. Houses are often insulated(使絕緣) with paper. You have perhaps seen ___6____(home) men asleep on a larger number of newspapers. We ____7____(have) paper cups, plates, and dishes for a long time. Now chairs and ___8___ beds can be made of paper. We hear. ____9___paper boots and shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses, and paper raincoats. When you have used them once, you throw them away and buy new ____10___.

語言結構16參考答案

1. that 2 until 3. makes 4. It 5. keeping

6 homeless 7 have had 8 even 9 With 10 ones

I．語言結構17（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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The pyramids were built on high ground, above the highest point __1__ the Nile flood water ever reached. The pyramid builders first built a slope ___2__ the Nile bank to the place for the Great Pyramid. Making this road and preparing the ground took 10 years. After that, ___3___ (build) the great Pyramid itself took 20 years. And ___4___ was possible only because the Pharaoh of Egypt used a very large number of people for the work. Some of them were prisoners of war and other captures people. ___5___ many of them were the Pharaoh’s own people---the farmers of Egypt. ___6___ the Nile flood began in September and their fields were ___7___ water, the pharaoh’s servants ordered them to go to work at the pyramids.

By the end of the great period of pyramid building the rich country of Egypt ___8__（become）poor. Why did the Pharaohs do it? It was a time of change in their religion. At the beginning of the period, the Pharaoh ___9___ (expect) to live in his tomb after death. His life there, he thought, would be like his life ____10___ death（10合并為一句）.

語言結構17參考答案

1.that 2. from 3. building 4. this 5 But

6.When 7 under 8.had become 9. expected 10 before

I．語言結構18（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

Getting paid to talk about the World Cup is a great job. I’m not a football commentator, though just an English teacher in Japan.

I came to Japan two years ago, and didn’t think I would stay, but Japan has that effect [1]______(介詞) you. People often end up living here [2]______(long) than they planned. I think it’s best to teach in a bigger city [3]______(引導詞) there are other foreigners to mix with. Rather than a small town where English teachers often complain of [4]______(feel) like a goldfish in a bowl. Many people choose to live in Tokyo, of course, which is good for the nightlife factor. But I’d say that for general quality of living, cities of neither too large [5]______(連詞) too small, like Sapporo where I live, are better choices.

I teach English [6] ______ (private), which means I’m my own boss. If you want to devote yourself to private teaching, it’s well worth doing a TEFL course first, because your lessons will be much better for it. The problem with private teaching is finding students. It took me a year to build up [7]______(冠詞) full schedule(日程表) of private lessons. I started out teaching in schools part time.

Most of my foreign friends here work full time for big English conversation schools. The salary is fine to [8]______(動詞短語). [9]But whether you can save money depend on how much going out and traveling you do here.(改正錯誤)

The schools are reluctant to take time off---even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble [10] ______ (get) the day off.

語言結構18參考答案

1. on 2. longer 3. where 4. feeling 5 nor

6. privately 7. a 8. live on 9. depend 10 getting

I．語言結構19（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

The world ____1___(run) out of oil and energy experts believe that there could be serious shortages in ten years’ time. Not only is each individual using more oil than ever before, as the standard of living in industrialized countries rises, but the population ____2___(explode) means that each year ____3___ more people will be using oil in some form ___4___ other. Until recently we took oil for granted: it seemed it would never stop flowing. It was ___5___ cheap and plentiful that the whole world came to depend on it. Government neglected other ___6____ of energy: electricity was generated from oil and power stations were fired by it. It found its way into many of the products of light industry. Many people are surprised ___7___ they learn how many items in their homes contain oil.

The increase in the price of oil has brought the world to its senses. Governments are searching for a suitable alternative, ___8___ so far in vain. They are considering ___9___ they can make better use of the two other major fuels, coal and natural gas, but they have found that ___10___ can take the place of oil in their economics.

語言結構19參考答案

1. is running 2. explosion 3. many 4. or 5. so

6. sources 7. when 8. but 9. how 10. neither

語言結構20（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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Pete sat on the bench now, ___1___ able to move. He was too tired. He happened to look to the left ___2___ there in the distance he saw the Old Gentleman coming toward him. He wanted to get up and run, but he was so full of food that he stayed right there. Every Thanksgiving Day ___3___ nine years, the Old Gentleman had come ___4___ and found Pete on this same bench, and then taken him to a restaurant and bought him a ___5____ dinner. It was a kind of tradition ___6___ the Old Gentleman, __7___ had no family and lived alone, had tried to continue. The old man was tall and thin and 60 years old. He was noble looking and he always ____8___ (dress) in black. His hair was whiter and thinner than it ___9___ (be) the year before, and he leaned _____10____ (heavy) on his cane than he used to.

語言結構20參考答案

1.hardly 2. and 3. for 4. there 5. Thanksgiving

6. which 7. who 8 dressed 9. had been 10. more heavily

語言結構21（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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How much paper do you use every year? Probably you can’t answer that question quickly. In 1900 the world’s use of paper was about one kilogram ___1__ each person in a year. Now some countries use as ___2___ as 50 kilograms of paper for each person in a year. The amount of paper a country uses shows how far advanced the country is, some people say. It is difficult to say ___3___ this is true: different people mean different things ___4___ the word ‘advanced’. But countries ___5___ the United States, England and Sweden certainly use more paper than other countries.

Paper, like many other things ___6___ we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very ___7___(common) used before the year 1400. The ___8___ wrote on papyrus; Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the ___9___ of certain young animal. We have learnt some of the most important facts of European history from records that ___10___(keep) on parchment.

語言結構21參考答案

1. for 2. much 3. whether 4 by 5 like

6. that 7. commonly 8. Egyptians 9. skin 10 were kept

語言結構22（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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Only one of the ‘seven Wonders’ of the ancient world remains: the pyramids of Egypt. The ___1___(famous) of the Egyptian pyramids are the pyramids of Giza. These pyramids were built more than 5,000 years ago. The biggest of ___2___ was the ‘Great Pyramid’, the pyramid of Khufh. It was 146 meters high, and each of the four sides ___3___(measure) 230 meters and faced exactly north, south, east or west. It was made of about 2,300,000 blocks of stones, all exactly the ___4___ shape. The ___5___ of each block was about 2.5 tons.

The ancient Egyptians had ___6___ like our machines to lift heavy things. They used sledges, levers, and rollers. They were very clever ___7___ these things. The power ___8___(supply) by hundreds or thousands of men. To move a big block of stone to a position 100 meters up, they ___9___ built up a long slope from the ground to that position, then they used levers and rollers to put the block on a sledge, and many men polled the sledge ___10___ the slope.

語言結構22參考答案

1. most famous 2. them 3. measured 4. same 5. weight

6. nothing 7. with 8. was supplied 9. first 10. up

語言結構23（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places ___1___ I want to be. That is the important fact for me. Of course there are too many cars. The Japanese drive very fast when they can but in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams. Tokyo is not different from London, Paris and New York ___2___ that. It is different ___3___ one wants to walk.

At certain times of the ___4___ there are a lot of people on foot in London’s Oxford Street or near the big shops and stores in ___5___ great cities. ___6___ the streets near the Ginza in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot, and sometimes it is really ___7___ to walk. People are very polite; there are just too many of them.

The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30 at night. That is when the night clubs ___8___(close) and everybody wants to go home. There are 35,000 night clubs in Tokyo, and you do not often see ___9___ that is empty. Between 11 and 12 everybody is looking for a taxi. Usually the taxis ___10___(share) by four or five people who live in the same part of the city.

語言結構23參考答案

1. where 2 in 3 when 4 day 5 other

6. But 7 difficult 8 are closing 9 one 10 are shared

語言結構24 (共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

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In the old days an Eskimo boy went out ___1___ with the men at the age of twelve. At twenty, he was an ___2___(experience) and skilful hunter. He brought home seals, birds, caribou, polar bears, and even whales. When he married, he chose a wife ___3___ was skilful in many ways, ___4___(special) in making clothes and other things ____5___ skins.

The Eskimos taught their children with great care. The old stories ____6___(tell) in words which never changed and the children had to tell them again and again ____7___ they knew them perfectly. They learned the old Eskimos songs and dances which ____8___(express) their ideas about nature and the spirit world. And most of all they learnt the skills which kept the Eskimos ____9___ in a hard land---the skills ___10___ used every part of the animals, birds and fish and the few plants and trees.

語言結構24參考答案

1. hunting 2. experienced 3. who 4 especially 5 from

6. were told 7. until 8 expressed 9. alive 10 which

語言結構25（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

仔細閱讀下面短文，根據上下文填入適當的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號為1-10的相應位置。

Many small ___1___ (culture) groups live in places far away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have never had any communication outside of their small geographical areas. When they do contact the outside world, their lives usually change. ___2___(learn) how to change ___3___ losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them. How can primitive cultures learn to live in a technological world? How can they do this without becoming ___4___?

One native tribe in New Guinea has a difficult situation. The people of the tribe ___5___(pull) in two ways. First of all, copper has been discovered under the land ___6___ they have lived for centuries. ___7___(develop) want to take the copper out of the ground, to mine it. The tribe needs the money ___8___ a copper mine would bring. The problem is that the copper is directly under the ___9___ (important) buildings of their society. These buildings are a necessary part of their religion. How can the copper ___10___(mine) without changing the group’s religion?

語言結構25參考答案

1. cultural 2. Learning 3.without 4. lost 5. are being pulled

6. where 7. Developers 8. that 9. most important 10. be mined