【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】掌握各詞條的詞性、基本含義，了解相關(guān)詞形變化或近義詞，識(shí)記一些典型句對重要用法能理解運(yùn)用。
【學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)】各詞條的基本含義及其運(yùn)用。
【學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】delighted，separate，compete，attempt
【預(yù)習(xí)要求】①詞匯學(xué)習(xí)以識(shí)記、理解為主，忌只做筆頭作業(yè)。②完成導(dǎo)學(xué)案后圈出難點(diǎn)，小組討論。③對照目標(biāo)找出差距。
【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容】下列 10 個(gè)詞條
【詞匯】
1. delighted [ di'laitid ] adj. 愉快的，高興的，欣喜的
【原句回放】
I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games.
I'd be most delighted if you will. 如果您愿意，我會(huì)非常高興的。
be delighted to do … 樂于去做……
be delighted at… 因……而高興
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
I shall be delighted to show you around the place. 我很高興領(lǐng)你到處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。
The woman was delighted at the recovery of her stolen jewels.
那位婦人對找回被盜的珠寶感到非常高興。
【常用搭配】
take delight in … 以……為樂
to one’s delight… 使某人高興的是……
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
He takes delight in painting. 他愛好繪畫。
It was to our delight that she got the job. 使我們高興的是她得到了那份工作。
【牛刀小試】
1．She was ___C_____to hear the twitter of the birds somewhere near her window.
A. delight B. delighting C. delighted D. delightful
2．He ____ A ____ great delight in proving others’ wrong.
A. takes B. puts C. gives D. makes
2. significance n.重要； 意義；價(jià)值
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
What is the __ significance _ of this meeting? 這個(gè)會(huì)議有什么意義？
adj. significant 有意義的, 重大的, 重要的
This meeting is significant. 這個(gè)會(huì)議有意義
3. compete [ km'pi:t ] vi. 比賽，競爭
【常用搭配】
compete in … 參……加比賽
compete for… 為……而比賽
compete against/with… 與……比賽
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
Tom will compete in the 100- meter race. 湯姆將參加100米比賽。
Several companies are competing against/with each other for the contract.
幾家公司正為爭取一項(xiàng)合同而互相競爭.
【牛刀小試】
3．Our athletes will _ B _ some games, such as running and wrestling. They have the hope to get some gold medals.
A. compete B. compete in C. join D. attend
4. separate adj.分開的,各別的,單獨(dú)的; v.分開,隔開
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子們分別睡在各自的床上。
Look, the two boys are fighting. Let’s go and separate them.
看！那兩個(gè)男孩在打架，我們過去把他們分開吧。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】separate 與divide
divide和separate這兩個(gè)詞都有“分開”的意思，但含義和用法都不太相同。divide指的是把人或物分成若干等份，常與介詞into連用；separate指的是將不同類別的物品分開或?qū)蓚�(gè)靠近的物品分開，使其不在一起，常與介詞from連用。
Let's divide these books into ten parts. 我們把這些書分成十份吧。
A fence separates the cows from the pigs. 圍欄把奶牛和豬分開。
【牛刀小試】
4．As we joined the big crowd I got _ A _ from my friends. (NMET2001)
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
5．It seems difficult to __ B __ “hurt” from “injure” in meaning. (上海2002春)
A. judge B. tell C. divide D. separate
5. honour vt. 尊敬 n. 尊敬，敬意；榮譽(yù)，光榮
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
Children should honour their father and mother. 孩子應(yīng)該尊敬父母。
They fight for the honour of their country. 他們?yōu)樽鎳臉s譽(yù)而戰(zhàn)。
in honour of 紀(jì)念…..，向……表示敬意
It is only a dance in honour of her birthday. 這只是紀(jì)念她生日的一個(gè)舞會(huì)。
【牛刀小試】
6．Washington, a state in the United States, was named ___ A ____ one of the greatest American presidents.
A. in honour of B. instead of
C. in favour of D. by means of
6. side by side 一起，共同，并肩地，并排
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
The two boys play side by side all afternoon. 這兩個(gè)男孩整個(gè)下午都在一起玩。
【聯(lián)想拓展】：shoulder to shoulder表示“并肩地、 齊心協(xié)力地”; hand in hand表示“手拉手地” nose to nose/ face to face 表示“面對面地”。
【牛刀小試】
7．Two videophones stood_ A _ on the table.
A. side by side B. side to side
C. one by one D. one side by the other side
7. light [ lait ] n. 光,光亮,燈; a. 輕的,光亮的,容易的; v. 點(diǎn)燃,著火,變亮
When it was dark we lit the candles. 天黑時(shí)我們點(diǎn)上了蠟燭。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】light的過去分詞有兩種: lighted和lit，當(dāng)作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，用lighted。
【牛刀小試】
8．Suddenly all the lights went out, and I got a __ B __ candle.
A. lit B. lighted C. lighting D. light
8. contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)
make contribution(s) to 對……做出貢獻(xiàn), 其中的to是個(gè)介詞。
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
The invention of the typewriter is a great contribution to printing. 打字機(jī)的發(fā)明是對印刷的一大貢獻(xiàn)。
We have already made contribution(s) to protecting our environment since we joined the Greener China. 自從我們參加綠色中國組織以來已經(jīng)為保護(hù)環(huán)境作了貢獻(xiàn)。
【牛刀小試】
9．The invention of the typewriter was __ A __great contribution _____ communication and printing.
A. a, to B. /, to C. a, for D. /, toward
10．Chinese people make contributions to _ D _ China.
A. change B. changing C. protect D. protecting
9. absent adj. 缺席的；不在場的
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）文。
He is absent on business. 他因事缺席。
He is _ absent _ from Beijing. 他不在北京。
adj. 漫不經(jīng)心的；心不在焉的；茫然的
He looked at me in an absent way. 他茫然地望著我。
vt.不在；缺席
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? 昨天你為何不到校？
n. absence 缺乏
He didn’t finished his paper because of _ absence _ of information。他因?yàn)槿狈Y料沒有完成論文。
10. attempt n. & v. 嘗試，努力
【常用搭配】
attempt to do sth. 努力做……, 相當(dāng)于try to do sth./ seek to do sth.
make an attempt to do sth/ make one’s attempt to do sth. 嘗試做……
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
They are attempting to climb the steepest part of the mountain.
他們努力攀登這座山的最陡的部分.
He didn't pass the exam, but it was a good attempt.
他雖然沒有通過考試，但他做了很大的努力。
【牛刀小試】
11. He _ B _ to escape from the prison, but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.
A. succeeded B. attempted C. advised D. offered
12. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _ B _.
A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire
【隨堂檢測】
I．Choices:
1 Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have B _ one-year-old twins at the head.
A. isolate B. separated C. divided D. removed
2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ C _ murder last night.
A. advised B attended C. attempted D. admitted
3. The environmentalists said wild goats’ _ D _ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.
A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance
4. From his __ A __voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.
A. delighted B. delightful C. delight D. delighting
5. A _ C _ candle _________ the faces of everybody in the room. They all looked tired.
A. lit , lit up B. lit up , lit C. lighted, lit up D. lighted, lit
6. To D __ the patient’s quick recovery, the doctor gave him the most effective medicine.
A. make sure B. be sure that C. insure D. ensure
7. The teacher explained the ___ B ____ of the themes expressed in the poem.
A. reference B. significance C. means D. magnificence
8. we can’t ___ B ____ other countries in trade if we don’t develop our national economy.
A. compete for B. compete against C. catch up D. catch with
9.He ____ B _____ to escape from the prison, but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.
A. succeed B. attempted C. advised D. offered
10.Study shows that scary movies, easy access to weapons and improper internet games greatly ___ A _ campus violence.
A. contribute to B. adapt to C. owe to D. addict to
《M4,U2 詞匯》導(dǎo)學(xué)案二
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】掌握各詞條的詞性、基本含義，了解相關(guān)詞形變化或近義詞，識(shí)記一些典型句對重要用法能理解運(yùn)用。
【學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)】各詞條的基本含義及其運(yùn)用。
【學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】otherwise，involve，meet，attraction,
【預(yù)習(xí)要求】①詞匯學(xué)習(xí)以識(shí)記、理解為主，忌只做筆頭作業(yè)。②完成導(dǎo)學(xué)案后圈出難點(diǎn)，小組討論。③對照目標(biāo)找出差距。
【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容】下列 14個(gè)詞條
1.limit n & v. 限制；限定
【活學(xué)活用】（級）
There is a _ limit _ to the amount of money I can afford. 我能付得起的錢數(shù)是有限的。
The speed _ limit __ is the fastest speed you are allowed to drive a car at.
限速是允許駕車的最快速度。
My mother _ limits_ the amount of food that I eat. 我母親限制我的飯量。
2. movement n. 動(dòng)作, 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn), 樂章，趨向；潮流；動(dòng)向
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
Movement can be painful when you've hurt your back. 當(dāng)你傷了背部時(shí),動(dòng)一動(dòng)就可能感到疼痛。
n. 姿勢
She watched the dancer and tried to copy her movements. 翻譯_她觀察那個(gè)跳舞的人想模仿她的動(dòng)作_.
n. 政治運(yùn)動(dòng)
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
Many great people donated their lives to the _ movement _ for national liberation.
許多偉人為民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)獻(xiàn)出了生命。
The movement aims towards greater freedom for women. 這場運(yùn)動(dòng)旨在給婦女帶來更多的自由。
3. host n. 主人；主持人
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
Do you know who is the _ host __ of “the Lucky 52”? 你知道幸運(yùn)52的主持人是誰嗎？
vt. 主辦，做主人招待
Beijing _ hosted __ the 29th Olympic Games. 北京主辦了29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
4. plenty of 許多，大量 (注意：plenty of 前面沒有a)
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
plenty of后面既可以跟可數(shù)名詞也可以跟不可數(shù)名詞。
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
As I had plenty of money I was able to help her. 我錢很寬裕，能幫助她。
He has _plenty of good novels. 他有很多不錯(cuò)的小說。
【聯(lián)想拓展】a lot of /lots of， a wealth of，quantities of。
后面只能跟可數(shù)名詞的詞組有：a (large / good) number of = numbers of，scores of。
后面只能跟不可數(shù)名詞的詞組有a great / good deal of，a (large / great) quantity of。
【牛刀小試】
13.We have had _ D _ rain this month. So there seems ___ more fruit this year.
A. a great many; to have B. a plenty of; to be
C. a large number of; of D. a great deal of; to be
5. transport v. 運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
The goods were transported by train. 翻譯：貨物是用火車來運(yùn)輸?shù)腳
Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. 在雕像可以運(yùn)往美國之前,必須給它選個(gè)場地,還要建造一個(gè)雕像底座。
n. transportation流放，放逐；流放期;運(yùn)輸；輸送
6. attraction n.引力, 有吸引力的東西
【活學(xué)活用】（C級）
The tides are caused by the attraction of the moon for the earth.
翻譯：潮汐是由月亮對地球的引力引起的。
The idea of working for state-owned enterprises has little attraction to young people nowadays.
現(xiàn)時(shí)去國營企業(yè)就職的想法對年青人沒有多大吸引力。
Now the small town has become a tourist attraction. 現(xiàn)在這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)已經(jīng)成了景點(diǎn)。
attract vt. 吸引
All the visitors are _ attracted _ by the beauty of nature. 所有的游客都被這自然美景所吸引。
adj. attractive 有吸引力的，誘人的。
The goods on sale in that shop are attractive. 那個(gè)商店的出售的商品很有吸引力
7. pretty adj. 漂亮的, 可愛的, 優(yōu)美的, 機(jī)靈的, 恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
【活學(xué)活用】（B級）
Your sister is a pretty girl. 翻譯：你妹妹是個(gè)漂亮的女孩。
What a pretty dress you is wearing today! 你今天穿的衣服多漂亮!
She looks much prettier with long hair than with short hair.
她留長發(fā)比留短發(fā)時(shí)看上去標(biāo)致得多。
adv. 相當(dāng)；頗
--How are you?--I’m pretty well . 翻譯：你好嗎？ 我很好.
It was a _ pretty _ serious accident. 這是一次相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的事故。
It will cost a _ pretty penny. 這要花相當(dāng)多的錢的。
8. otherwise adv. 另外, 否則, 不同地, 別的方式
adj. 另外的, 其他方面的
【活學(xué)活用】（B級）
We'll go early, otherwise _we may not get a seat. 我們得早一點(diǎn)去，不然就沒有座位了。
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy. 他愛吵鬧，但在其他方面倒是一個(gè)好孩子。
9. stretch vt., vi. 變長，使長；變寬，使變寬；拉緊；張緊；伸開，張開
【活學(xué)活用】（B級）
She stretched the material by heating. 她通過加熱撐拉這種材料。
In some tropical regions small boats used to be made of skins stretched over a wooden frame.
過去有些熱帶地區(qū)小船是用獸皮繃在一個(gè)木頭框子上造成的。
I _ stretched out my hand towards the book. 我把手伸向這本書。
He stretched and flexed his knees to relax himself. 他伸屈膝關(guān)節(jié)使自己放松一下。
10. maintain vt.保持；維持
【活學(xué)活用】
He failed again and again simply because he had maintained his defeatist attitude.
因?yàn)樗恢眻?jiān)持失敗主義的態(tài)度,所以失敗了一次又一次。
贍養(yǎng)；供給
He has worked hard to maintain his family. 他努力工作來養(yǎng)家。
The car has always been properly maintained . 這汽車一直保養(yǎng)得很好。
11. requirement n. 要求
Candidates who fail to meet these requirements will not be admitted to the University.
不符合這些要求的考生不能上這所大學(xué)。
注意：requirement后的表語從句、同位語從句中，謂語要用“(should) do”形式。
【牛刀小試】（C級）
14. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ C __ to its burning temperature．
A. is heated B. will be heated
C. be heated D. would be heated
12. meet vt. 滿足（需要等），達(dá)到（要求等）
【知識(shí)導(dǎo)航】
meet 除了有“集會(huì)，會(huì)議；遇見”的意思外，還可以作為“滿足（需要等），達(dá)到（要求等）”講。
We will try our best to _ meet _ your needs. 我們將盡量地滿足你的需求。
【牛刀小試】(A級)
15. Unless the workers’demands are _ B _soon，there will be a strike.
A. paid B. met C. permitted D. replied
13. make way for 給……讓路；讓位與……
【活學(xué)活用】（B級）
Please_ make way for _ the president. 請給總統(tǒng)讓路。
He was pushed out to _ make way for _ the director's son.
為了給廠長的兒子讓位，他被解雇了。
14. involve v.包括，涉及（常與in連用）使陷入
be involved in, involve oneself in 與----有關(guān)聯(lián)
【活學(xué)活用】（B級）
Don't _ involve _other people in your trouble. 別把別人牽涉進(jìn)你的麻煩中去。
All the children were involved_ in the school play. 所有的孩子都參加了學(xué)校排練的劇。
This lesson involves a lot of work. 這一課需要做的工作有很多。
They are deeply involved in debt. 他們債臺(tái)高筑。
【隨堂檢測】
1. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _ B _ of little children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
2. The doctor told me to take the medicine A .
A. every four hours B. four hours each
C. four each hour D. every fourth hours
3. We must leave now,___ B ___ we’ll miss the train.
A. so B. otherwise C. then D. and
4. According to the spokesman, he is not ______ A _______ in the event
A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. involve
5. There is _____ A _____ here in spring.
A. plenty of B. lot of C. too many D. a great deal
II. Word spelling:
1. An athlete is a person who does a sport.
2. I’m delighted at your success in the final exam.
3. We drove two hours to attend the opening ceremony of the film festival.
4. He was given a __medal___（獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢ゝor his bravery in the accident.
5. This story just happened on the previous evening .
6. Nowadays, many places have been developed into tourist attractions.
7. We should take measures to meet the increasing requirements of the people.
8. The burning coals started to flame yellow and orange.
9. Bank of China has branches__ all over the country.
10. He is always watching CCTV news broadcast on current affairs.
11.There are 12 competitors (選手) in the two-hundred-metre dash.
12.The main _ stadium _ (體育館) for 2008 Olympic Games will be completed by 2006.
13.Nowadays, many places have been developed into tourist attractions.
14. We shouldn’t look down on those who do physical labour.
15. The prisoners attempted to escape but failed.