王青
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語（5）
appear v. 登場(chǎng)，扮演
stage n. 舞臺(tái)
bright adj. 鮮艷的
stocking n. （女用）長筒襪(棉的, 絨的, 并不是現(xiàn)在的絲襪)
sock n. 短襪
★appear v. 登場(chǎng), 扮演
① vi. 出現(xiàn)，顯露（反義詞是disappear）
The plane appeared.
The plane disappeared.
② vi. 當(dāng)眾露面；登場(chǎng)（演出等）
The actor appeared.
I can’t appear in this dress at the party.
appear as 扮演……角色
He appeared as a prince. (prince n. 王子)
appear on the stage as… (扮演的確切表達(dá))
My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl.
③ vi. 似乎，看起來好象（與seem同義），顯得(系動(dòng)詞，后面直接加形容詞)
He appears nervous. 他顯得很緊張(看起來)
She appears to know you.
Now it appears you are wrong.
★stage n. 舞臺(tái)
on the stage 在舞臺(tái)上
in the stage 在某一階段(時(shí)期)
★bright adj. 鮮艷的
bright red 鮮紅色；
bright yellow 明黃色；
bright blue 寶藍(lán)色
【Text】
My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on
the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of
seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play,
she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she
always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
參考譯文
我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演員, 她至少也有35 歲了. 盡管如此, 她卻常在舞臺(tái)上扮演小姑娘. 詹妮弗很快
又要參加一個(gè)新劇的演出. 這一次, 她將扮演一個(gè)17 歲的少女. 演出時(shí)她必須穿一條鮮紅色的裙子和黑色
的長筒襪. 去年在演另一個(gè)劇時(shí), 她不得不穿短襪和一件鮮艷的橘紅色的衣服. 一旦有人問起她有多大年
紀(jì), 她總是回答: “親愛的, 長成大人真可怕啊!”
【課文講解】
1、My aunt Jennifer is an actress.
以-ess結(jié)尾的是女性；以-or、-er 結(jié)尾的是男性
actor 男演員； actress 女演員:
waiter 男服務(wù)員； waitress 女服務(wù)員
prince 王子 ； princess 公主
lion 公獅子 ； lioness 母獅子
doctor 男醫(yī)生 ； woman doctor 女醫(yī)生
god 神 ； goddess 女神(God 上帝,注意“G” 大寫)
2、She must be at least thirty-five years old.
年齡的兩種表示方法：
① 數(shù)字+years old，作表語
thirty-five years old 三十五歲
② 數(shù)字+-year-old，作定語
my four-year-old daughter
must + 動(dòng)詞原形不得不, 必須；(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的)推測(cè)
She must be a model.
She is fifteen years old. 她五歲了
She must be fifteen years old. 她很可能五歲
She must be at most fifteen years old. 她最多十五歲
She must be at least fifteen years old. 她至少十五歲
at least 至少, 最少
If you can’t clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it.
at most 最多
3、In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
in spite of 不管，盡管 (“of” 為介詞, 后面一定會(huì)加名詞、代詞或從句)
in spite of this 盡管如此
In spite of this, I still like school.
（school 前不加“the”表示上學(xué)，加“the”只表示學(xué)校）
In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.
4、Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.
join 參加了某一種團(tuán)體
join sb./sth.
join the army 參軍
join the party 入黨
join us (口語)加入我們(這個(gè)團(tuán)體)中來
take part in 參加某一種活動(dòng)
take part in the race 參加比賽
take part in a play
take part in the party
attend 出席
attend the meeting 參加會(huì)議, 出席會(huì)議
attend the party 出席宴會(huì)
attend the class 上課
Thank you for your attending. 謝謝大家的出席(到來)
Thank you for your listening. 謝謝大家的聽講
5、This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.
兩種年齡的表達(dá)：
She is eighteen years old.
She is a girl of eighteen.
6、In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.
in (+顏色、衣服) 穿著_____……樣的衣服，用介詞短語取代動(dòng)詞，避免了一句話中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞
The boy in green.
in a bright red dress 鮮紅色的連衣裙
bright,orange-coloured dress 鮮艷的桔黃色衣服
7、If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
ever = at any time 任何時(shí)候(時(shí)間副詞)
it must be 一定……(表示推測(cè))
grown-up adj. 成年人
be grown-up 作為一個(gè)成年人
grow up (人)成長
當(dāng)有人問你年齡時(shí)，你可以這樣回答：
It is a secret. / It is privacy.
I forget it.
【Key structures】
情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞must
Must 譯為“必須”，可以表示“必要，命令或強(qiáng)制，邀請(qǐng)，決心，不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多處含義。它
沒有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱變化，通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來時(shí)。在其他時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，must的有些含義可以用have to或have
got to。這三種形式一般可以互換，但用于第一人稱時(shí)，have to(have got to)強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因，
must 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事。
have to 和have got to往往可以互換，但與always，sometimes 等頻度副詞連用時(shí)，用have to往往比用
havt got to 好。have got to比have to更口語化。
在過去時(shí)的句子中, 要用have to 來表示“必須”，have to可以有任意時(shí)態(tài)
She will have to… ；She had to… ； She has/I have had to…
have to作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 否定式為don't have to；will not have to；didn't have to
在表達(dá)“難道你不能不（做……）”時(shí)，一般用“Must you…?”，而不用“Do you have to…?”
Must you leave now? 難道你非得現(xiàn)在就走嗎？
I’m afraid so. I have to study for an exam.
must可以表示推測(cè)，must do表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)；must have done表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)
He must be mad.
在I think…/he thinks…的從句中，一定要用事實(shí)說話. (不能說成“I think he must be a fool.” )
must be的否定式為can’t be（不可能）：
Someone’s using the phone, it must be John.
It can’t be John. He promised me he wouldn’t use it today.
【Special Difficulties】
As的用法
① 作為介詞，可以表示“作為”、“以……身份”等
In this film, he appeared as a policeman.
As a mechanic, he can’t always keep himself clean.
② 作為連詞，可以表示“因?yàn)椤薄ⅰ罢?dāng)……時(shí)候”、“以……方式”或“如同……那樣”等
You must take care of the bady tomorrow as I am going to London.（因?yàn)椋捎冢?/p>
As we were talking about him, he knocked at the door.（正當(dāng)……時(shí)候）
Do as you are told. 叫你怎么做就怎么做(按你被告知的那樣去做)（以……方式）
As I learned, … （如同……那樣）
③“擔(dān)任……工作”
I work as an engineer.
Dress, Suit, Costume
dress n. 裙子，晚禮服，連衣裙(女式)
suit n. 套裝（男式）
My brother never wears ready-made suits. 我的弟弟從來不穿成衣。
costume n. 演出服,民族服裝,某一年代所穿的服裝
All the actors wore fifteenth-century costumes. 所有演員都穿著15 世紀(jì)的服裝。
Grow and Grow up
grow vi. 生長，成長，發(fā)育
Trees of the kind don’t grow in our country.
How tall you’ve got! You’ve grown a lot.
grow up 長成，成熟（其被動(dòng)態(tài)表示長大成人）
Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her.
自從我上次見到她之后，露西已成熟了許多。
What do you want to do when you’re grown up?
Some people never grow up. 有些人總是成熟不起來。
Exercises
3 She hired a(suit)(costume)for the fancy-dress party.
costume
fancy-dress-party 化妝舞會(huì)； hire v. 雇，租
【Multiple choice questions】
1 The story about Jennifer suggests that ___d___ .
a. she is not too old to appear on stage as a young girl
b. she is too young to appear on stage as a young girl
c. she is the right age to appear on stage as a young girl
d. she is too old to appear on stage as a young girl
suggest v. 暗示
right age 適合的年齡
too…to… 太……以至于不能
2 One of these statements is true. Which one? b
a. We know exactly how old Jennifer is.
b. We do not know exactly how old Jennifer is.
c. Jennifer is thirty-five years old.
d. Jennifer is over thirty-five years old.
she must be… 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)
exactly adv. 確切地
exact words 確切的話
What’s his exact words?
3 She must be at least thirty-five years old. In my opinion she ____b__ .
a. has b. is c. can d. must
in one's opinion =sb. think 就某人看來（后面一定是事實(shí)）
in one's opinion 常常取代sb. think, I think太強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)
7 She had to wear short socks. It was ___b___ for her to wear them.
a. certain b. necessary c. important d. impossible
it is + adj.+ (for sb.) to do… 某人做某件事情……（it 為形式主語，for sb.為邏輯主語）
It is troublesome to learn English.
It is easy to do sth.
It is troublesome for us to learn English.
have to do sth. =sth. is necessary…
You have to go home. =It is necessary for you to go home.
8 She often appears as a young girl. She ___a___ on the stage as a young girl.
a. is presented b. points c. show d. seems
appear v. 扮演,本意為“出現(xiàn), 顯示” ；seems v. 看起來, 似乎
show v. 顯示, 給……看
be on show 展覽, 演出
be presented 出席√(過去的習(xí)慣用法)
be present 出席（反義詞為be absent 缺席)
11 Men usually wear ___a___ .
a. socks instead of stockings b. stockings instead of socks
c. either socks or stockings d. neither socks nor stockings
instead of 代替（其后面的詞往往是沒做或不做的事情）
either…or… 或者……或者……
neither…nor… 即不……也不……
sock 短襪；stocking 長筒襪(女用)
12 She is grown up. She is ____d__ .
a. very old b. an adolescent c. a teenage d. an adult
grown adj.長大的，成年的，長滿某物的
grown up adj. 成年的,成熟的；n. 成年人
grow up 成長
adolescent adj. 青春期的(13-16 歲)，青春的；n. 青少年
adolescent criminal 青春期犯罪
teenager n. 十幾歲的人(10-20 歲)男女青少年
adult n. 成年人