第二章 主謂一致

句子的謂語動詞和句子的主語應在數方面保持一致。主謂一致的基本原則是：主語是單數，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語是復數，謂語動詞用復數形式。句子的主語有以下幾種類型：

1．帶后置定語型。其謂語動詞的形式依主語的單復數而定，與后置定語無關。

（together）with …

except / but …

S + besides … V

rather than …

as well as …

A library together with a lot of books has been given to our school as a gift.

Two pilots as well as all the passengers were killed in this plane crash.

兩個飛行員連同所有旅客都死于這次空難。

2．部分-整體型。其謂語的單復數，由整體部分決定。

70 percent

two-thirds

part of the / one’s + n +V

half （整體）

all

the rest

1）About 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

2）Part of the books are worth reading, but the rest（of them）are of no value.

※注：all單獨作主語時，All指人謂語用復數。All指物或事情謂語用單數。

1）All are eager to reach an agreement. 所有的人都急于達成協議。

2）All is going well. 一切都進展順利。

3．定語僅能修飾單數名詞型，其謂語動詞用單數。

Each / Every

Either / Neither

Another + n（單數）+ V

Many a

More than one

More than one graduate wants to go to work in Western China.

不止一個畢業生要求去中國西部工作。

Many a day has passed since the boy was lost. 那個男孩失蹤已有許多天。

4．就近一致型。下列連詞連接兩個主語時，及there be句型有多個并列主語，謂語應與最靠近的主語保持一致。

A or B 1）Either you or I am to meet them at the station.

Either A or B 不是你就是我要去車站接他們。

Neither A nor B 2）Not only the teacher but also his students object to the plan.

Not only A but also B 3）There is an air-conditioner and two computers in his office.

There be A, B and C 在他辦公室有一臺空調和二臺電腦。

5．需記住的其他規則

Either

1）Neither of + n 作主語，謂語用單數。

Each

None of + n（復數）作主語，謂語用單數或復數均可。

None of + n（單數）作主語，謂語用單數。

Either of the answers is right. 兩個答案中有一個是對的。

None of the cars was / were damaged. 這些車都沒有受損。

None of the food has gone bad. 食物沒有變質。

2）a number of + n（復數）作主語，謂語用復數。

the number of + n（復數）作主語，謂語用單數。

A large number of students are from the south. 很多學生是南方人。

The number of students in our school has gone up to 3000.

我校學生數已上升到3000人。

3）關系代詞作主語，定語從句謂語動詞的形式取決于其先行詞的單復數。

He is one of the few persons who have a good knowledge of Italian.

他是精通意大利語的少數人之一。

在以上句子中，persons是who的先行詞，從句謂語動詞用復數。

（比較）He is the only one of the boys who was given a prize.

他是這些孩子中唯一受到獎勵的。

當one之前有the only修飾時，one是who的先行詞，從句謂語動詞用單數。

4）單個動名詞，不定式或主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數。

兩個并列的動名詞，不定式或主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用復數。

When and where to hold the meeting isn’t decided yet.（一個不定式作主語）

What I say and what I think are none of your business.

我說什么，想什么與你無關。（兩個并列主語從句作主語）

5）each, any, every, no構成的復合代詞都當作單數看待。

Someone is asking you on the phone. 有人在打電話找你。

注：復合代詞作主語，反意疑問句的主語通常用they，也可用he。

Everyone was present at the meeting, weren’t they / wasn’t he ?

Someone has known the news, haven’t they / hasn’t he ?

6）以“s”結尾的書刊名、國名、機構名和學科名作主語，謂語用單數。

The United Nations was set up in 1942. 聯合國建于1942年。

The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer. 《坎特伯雷故事集》是喬叟寫的。

Economics is my major. 經濟學是我的主修課程。

7）某些形容詞或分詞和定冠詞the連用表示某類人作主語，謂語用復數。

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

病人得到醫治，失蹤的也已找回來了。

8）由and連接兩個單數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式。

English and Chinese are quite different languages.

若and并列的主語在意義上指同一個人，同一概念或對立統一的事物，謂語動詞用單數。

The manager and secretary is as busy as a bee all day. 那位經理兼秘書整天忙忙碌碌。（兩個名詞共用一個冠詞，指同一個人）

War and peace is a contant theme in history. 戰爭與和平是歷史永恒的主題。（對立統一的一對事物）

9）單復數同形的名詞如deer, means；集合名詞如family作主語，如何決定謂語動詞的單復數，請見第四章冠詞。

Exercise 1 主謂一致

1．I, who your friend, will try my best to help you.

A．be B．am C．is D．are

2．The United States must look out of the rights of citizens.

A．its B．their C．ours D．us

3．So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident.

A．is B．has C．are D．have

4．Maths as well as physics always me to much trouble.

A．causes B．puts C．cause D．put

5．Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, not able to solve the problem. A．are B．were C．is D．am

6．There one or two things that I have to mention.

A．is B．are C．has D．have

7． Either I or my accountant（會計） to blame for the loss ?

A．Is B．Are C．Am D．Does

8．So far 70% of the poor in this area out of poverty（貧困）with the help of the local government.

A．has got B．are getting C．have got D．had got

9．Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years.

A．became B．becomes C．has become D．have become

10．Whether or not the new plan will produce any positive（積極的）results to be seen.

A．remain B．is remained C．remains D．have remained

11．Too much work and too little rest bad health.

A．lead to B．leads to C．result in D．result from

12．He is the only one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear.

A．make their B．makes his C．express their D．express

13．Every possible means tried, but without much result.

A．has been B．have been C．are D．is

14．Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A．seem B．look C．seems D．looks

15．All we have seen and heard our memory.

A．is deeply impressed on B．great impress

C．are strongly impressed in D．highly impresses

1-5 BAABC 6-10 AACCC 11-15 BBACA