Unit 4 GREEN WORLD

Reading:

Warming up

Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name

Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.

Pre-reading

Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?

His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.

While-reading

Fast reading

How many people are mentioned in the passage?

Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook

Careful reading

1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D

A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a(chǎn) branch of medicine

2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C

A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon

3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A

A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander

4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C

A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups

C．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species

5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C

A．one B．Two C．Three D.four

Post-reading

1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?

Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.

2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?

To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.

3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?

Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.

4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?

When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.

Translate the following phrases into English:

1. 詳細地 in detail

2. 處于支配的地位，負責 in charge of

3. 由……負責 in the charge of

4. 任命某人為…… appoint sb. as

5.將……分類成 classify…into…

6. 計算……之間的距離 calculate the distance between…

7. 一代一代傳下去 pass on from one generation to the next

8.建于……之上；以……為基礎 be based on

9.參與; 陷入 ……的活動 be involved in

10.根據(jù);視……而定；按照 according to

11.搜索；尋找 search for

12.總而言之 altogether

1.match…with （在品質(zhì)；顏色；設計等方面）相等，相當，相配

2.at the age of 在……歲時

3.look out for 警惕;留心;守侯

4.on a large scale 大規(guī)模地;大范圍地

5.year after year 年年;年復一年

6.pass away 逝世

7.name…after 給……取名;命名

8.in detail 詳細

9.take care of 關心;照顧

10.classify…into 分類;歸類

11.develop a lifelong friendship with 與……結存了終生好朋友

12.born into 出生

13.have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲

14.appoint sb. as… 委派;任命某人為……

15.spread over 傳播;流傳

16.a great deal of 大量;許多(用于不可數(shù)名詞)

17.lie in 在于

18.related to 與……有關

19.the key to 關鍵是(在于)

20.adapt to 適應于

21.be sunken into 墮入

Integrating skills

Scanning

Find out the important people mentioned in the text.

Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria

Gote Turesson From Sweden

Choose the best answers according to the passage

1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C

A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants

B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants

C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants

D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants

2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B

A. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seeds

C. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds

3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． C

A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space

4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D

A．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment

B．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand

C．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment

D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .

5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B

A．he was invited to join scientific expedition

B．he was interested in them

C．he could do a lot Of experiments

D．he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”

Fill in the following blanks

Scientist Research/experiment Result

Charles Darwin The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.

Gregor Mendel Flowers and peas Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.

Gote Turesson A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.

The text can be divided into four parts

Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.

Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.

Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study

Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.

Important sentences in the passage

1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.

2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.

3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.

4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.