英語中的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。例：

The children are looked after well.

孩子被照顧得很好。

the children和look after是被動關系。

The woman looks after the children.

這位婦女照看這些孩子。（主語是look after的執(zhí)行者）

通常只有及物動詞才有被動語，但不及物動詞加上介詞后也可以有被動語態(tài)，但介詞不可以省去。今天主要復習一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、正在進行時和過去進行及情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，動詞的被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)改變。

一. 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)

動詞由is/ am/ are＋動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。is, am, are隨人稱改變。例：

Rice is grown in the south of China.

中國的南方種水稻。

I am often told to be careful by my mother.

我經(jīng)常被媽媽告訴要小心。

Trees are planted every spring.

樹每年春天植。

2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，動詞由was/ were＋過去分詞構(gòu)成。例：

The boy was hit by a car yesterday.

這個男孩昨天被車撞了。

The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.

這些椅子昨天上午修好了。

3. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)，動詞由will/ shall＋be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，或者由be going to be done構(gòu)成。例：

A new school will be built here next year.

一所新的學校明年將在這里建成。

The roads are going to be widened soon.

路很快就會被加寬。

4. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，由have/ has been＋過去分詞構(gòu)成。例：

The sick man has been taken to the hospital.

那個病人已經(jīng)被帶到醫(yī)院去了。

The hospitals have been built already.

這些醫(yī)院已經(jīng)被建成了。

5. 正在進行時的被動語態(tài)，由is/ am/ are＋being＋過去分詞構(gòu)成。例：

The meeting is being had now.

會正開著。

The water is being cleaned by the workers.

水正由工人們弄干凈。

6. 過去進行時的被動語態(tài)。was/ were＋being＋過去分詞。例：

A book was being borrowed by me at this time yesterday.

昨天這個時候我在借書。

7. 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞can/ may/ must/ should＋be＋過去分詞。

The work can be done tomorrow.

這個工作可以明天做。

The composition must be finished today.

今天作文必須寫完。

二. 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換

主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，通常有以下三個步驟來完成：

（1）賓語變主語（即將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語）

（2）變動詞（即將主動語態(tài)的動詞隨時態(tài)變成相應的被動語態(tài)的動詞形式）

（3）加by短語（即將主動語態(tài)的主語放于by的后面，主格變賓格，有時不必指出可以省去）

例：

They speak English every day.

（主動語態(tài)）他們每天說英語。

English is spoken by them every day.

People grow cotton in the south.

Cotton is grown in the south.（by短語省去）

They cleaned the room last night.

The room was cleaned last night.

同樣被動語態(tài)變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)正好相反，例：

Was the book written by the boy?

Did the boy write the book?

三. 帶有雙賓語及省“to”不定式作賓補的句子變化。

1. 帶有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z，通常有兩種變化，既可以提前間賓，也可以提前直賓。例：

They gave me some advice on English study.

I was given some advice on English study by them.

Some advice on English study was given to me by them.

2. 省去“to”的不定式作賓補變?yōu)楸粍诱Z再加“to”。例：

He made the boy work all day.

The boy was made to work all day.

I saw them come into the room.

They were seen to come into the room by me.

【模擬試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）

一. 1. Meimei’s TV set ____________ at the moment.

A. is mending B. has mending

C. is being mended D. is mended

2. Listen! A new song ____________ in their classroom.

A. teaches B. taught

C. is teaching D. is being taught

3. My computer ____________ by him when I went to get it back.

A. was using B. was being used

C. was used D. had used

4. Those trees ____________ at this time last year.

A. planted B. were planting

C. were being planted D. had been planting

5. The classroom ____________. It’s quite clean now.

A. is sweeping B. is swept

C. sweeps D. has been swept

6. This story ____________ many times, but people still like to listen to it.

A. has been told B. has telling

C. is told D. would tell

7. When we got to the farm, the apples ____________.

A. had picked B. had been picked

C. were picking D. picked up

8. Before I bought this radio, it ____________ for two years.

A. was used B. had used

C. had been used D. used

9. The paper ____________ away if you didn’t tell me not.

A. would throw B. will be thrown

C. would been thrown D. would be thrown

10. I never knew that I ____________ around the school by the headmaster.

A. was shown B. would be shown

C. was show D. would show

11. Young trees ____________ good care of, or they will die early.

A. must take B. must taken

C. must have taken D. must be taken

12. Bikes ____________ in the middle of the road.

A. can’t be put B. can’t put

C. can’t be putted D. can’t be putting

13. This book is no use. I mean it ____________ away.

A. can throw B. can be thrown

C. can’t thrown D. mustn’t be thrown

14. This kind of bike ____________ in that shop, but I’m not sure.

A. must be bought B. can’t bought

C. can be buying D. may be bought

15. This kind of thing ____________ already ____________ somewhere in the world.

A. has been, happened B. has, happened

C. will, happen D. are, happening

16. The moon ____________ once a year, is that right?

A. is visiting B. has visited

C. is visited D. visits

17. The old bridge ____________ hundreds of years ago.

A. is building B. was built

C. built D. was building

18. Spaceships without people ____________ some other parts of the universe years ago.

A. have reached B. were reached

C. reached D. had been reached

19. --- How clean and tidy your classroom is!

--- Yes. It ____________ every day.

A. is cleaned B. was cleaned

C. was cleaning D. is cleaning

20. That building ____________ in our home town now.

A. is building B. building

C. is being built D. was built

21. Can you play games with us when your homework ____________?

A. is finished B. will finish

C. finish D. will be finished

22. I believe that those mountains ____________ by the trees in a few years.

A. are covered B. will be covered

C. are covering D. will cover

23. Older people ____________.

A. should be spoken politely

B. must speak to politely

C. should speak to polite

D. should be spoken to politely

24. The baby ____________ by his grandparents from Monday to Friday.

A. was taken care B. was taken care of

C. was looked at D. was looking at

25. This painting ____________ to a museum in New York in 1997.

A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. was selling

二. 將下列句子變成被動語態(tài)

1. Mother gave me a new desk as a present.

2. I made my little brother a model ship last week.

3. Ann told me a funny story on our way to school.

4. He often passes me my pen.

5. Did he buy you the book you wanted?

6. Li made his brother clean the room.

7. I saw him go into the classroom.

8. We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Did he often help the old granny do the housework?

10. Who often watch them play football?

【試題答案】

一.

1－5 CDBCD 6－10 ABCDB 11－15 DABDB

16－20 CBAAC 21－25 ABDBC

二. 1. A new desk was given to me as a present by mother.

或I was given a new desk as a present by mother.

2. My little brother was made a model ship by me last week.

或A model ship was made for my little brother by me last week.

3. A funny story was told to me by Ann on our way to school.

或I was told a funny story by Ann on our way to school.

4. I am often passed my pen by him.

My pen is often passed to me by him.

5. Was the book you wanted bought for you?

或Were you bought the book you wanted?

6. His brother was made to clean the room.

7. He was seen to go into the classroom.

8. She is often heard to sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Was the old granny often helped to do the housework?

10. Who are often watched to play football?