Part 1: Teaching design (第一部分：教學設計)

Structures: Passive voice (questions and statements)

Target language: When was the telephone invented?

I think it was invented in 1876.

Vocabulary: salty, sweet, sour, crispy, pleasant, potato chips, slipper, leaf, fire, scoop, light bulb, telescope, microwave oven, abacus, camera, beverage, be invented by, be used for, by mistake, by accident

Learning strategies: Brainstorming, Role playing

SECTION A

Goals

●To learn to use Passive voice (questions and statements)

●To listen, talk and read about invention

Procedures

Warming up by learn about Passive voice (questions and statements)

Passive Verb Formation

Tense Subject Auxiliary Past

Participle

Singular Plural

Present The car/cars is are designed.

Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed.

Past The car/cars was were designed.

Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed.

Future The car/cars will be will be designed.

Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed.

Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed.

Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed

Pay attention to the passive voice of “give”.

Active Professor Villa gave Jorge an A.

Passive An A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa.

Passive Jorge was given an A.

1a Doing group work

Look at the things on page 68. Number them in the order of their invention.

A: I think the telephone was invented before the car.

B: Well, I think the telephone was invented after the car.

Televisor 1925 John L. Baird Scottish

A: I think the televisor was invented before the computer.

B: Well, I think the televisor was invented after the computer.

Telephone 1876 A.G. Bell American

A: I think the calculator was invented before the plane.

B: Well, I think the calculator was invented after the planer.

1b Listening and matching

Listen to the recording and match the inventions with the dates.

Tapescript

Girl: Life must have been difficult when you were a kid.

Woman: Oh, not really. Why do you say that?

Girl: Well, you didn’t have many modern inventions. Like, you probably didn’t have a telephone, right?

Woman: Of course we did! How old do you think I am? The telephone was invented in 1876.

Girl: How about cars? I bet cars weren’t invented yet.

Woman: Sure they were. Cars were invented in 1885. My family had a car. I think you need to take a history class, Alice.

Girl: Ha, ha! Well, did you have a TV?

Woman: No, we didn’t. The TV was invented around 1927, I think. Some friends of mine had one. But in those days, TVs were really expensive, and we couldn’t afford one.

Girl: And I bet you didn’t have calculators and computers and stuff. That’s something I do know. We learned in school that hand-held calculator were invented in 1971 and personal computers were invented in 1976.

Woman: You’re right. I didn’t have those things when I was young. But I do now!

The things in the pictures were invented in the following order.

The telephone was invented in 1876.

Cars were invented in 1885.

The TV was invented around 1927.

The hand-held calculator were invented in 1971.

The personal computers were invented in 1976.

Now you are going to read the listening tapescript. Blacken the passive voice, circle all the linking words and underline all the useful expressions.

1c Doing pairwork

In pairs, one covers the dates and the other asks him when the things in the pictures on page 68 were invented. Then change roles and practice again.

A: When was the telephone invented?

B: I think it was invented in 1876.

A: When was the car invented?

B: I think it was invented in 1885.

A: When was the TV invented?

B: I think it was invented around 1927.

A: When was the hand-held calculator invented?

B: I think it was invented in 1971.

2a Listening and numbering

Next you are going to listen to a tapescript and number the inventions in the order that you hear them.

Tapescript

Boy: What are those?

Girl: They’re battery-operated slippers.

Boy: What are they used for?

Girl: They’re used for seeing in the dark.

Boy: Oh, that’s cool! Who were they invented by?

Girl: Julie Thompson. And look at this heated ice cream scoop.

Boy: I know what it’s for! It’s used for scooping out really cold ice cream.

Girl: Right. It was invented by Chelsea Lanmon.

Boy: My favorite are those shoes with adjustable heels. You know-you can move the heels up and down. They were invented by Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth.

Girl: And what are they used for?

Boy: Well, you can change the style of your shoes. You can make the shoes go from casual to dressy.

The inventions are heard in the following order.

battery-operated slippers→heated ice cream scoop→shoes with adjustable heels

2b Listening and matching

You shall listen to the recording again and match the items in the chart on page 69 in columns A, B, and C.

A: Invention B: Who was it/ were they invented by? C: What is it/ are they used for?

Shoes with adjustable heels Chelsea Lanmon Scooping really cold ice cream

Battery-operated sneakers Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth Seeing in the dark

Heated ice cream scoop Julie Thompson Changing the style of the shoes

2c Doing pairwork

Role play the conversations using the information in the chart in the middle of page 69. Pay attention to the formation of passive voice.

A: What are the shoes with adjustable heels used for?

B: They are used for changing the style of the shoes.

A: What are the battery-operated sneakers used for?

B: They are used for seeing in the dark.

A: What is the heated ice cream scoop used for?

B: It is used for scooping really cold ice cream.

3a Doing pairwork

There are two kinds of inventions. One is helpful invention, and the other is annoying invention. Now in pairs make a list of five helpful inventions and five annoying inventions.

Helpful inventions Annoying inventions

Example: telephone Example: alarm clock

1. plane 1. atomic bomb

2. computer 2. missile

3. bike 3. rifle

4. car 4. chemical weapon

5. train 5. alarm clock

3b Doing pairwork

In pairs discuss your opinions in 3a with your partner.

A: What do you think is the most helpful invention?

B: I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb.

A: Why is that?

B: Well, it gives people more time to work and play every day.

A: What do you think is the most annoying invention?

B: I think the most helpful invention is the atomic bomb.

A: Why is that?

B: Well, it gives people more power to kill others.

A: What do you think is the less helpful invention?

B: I think the less helpful invention is the car.

A: Why is that?

B: Well, it makes it possible for people to move to distant places faster.

4 Doing groupwork

Imagine you are left alone on a small island in the sea. If you are allowed to take five inventions along with you, what would you take?

I like to take the followings with me.

knife flashlight handphone telescope gun

SECTION B

Goals

●To learn to use passive voice (questions and statements)

●To read about tea

Procedures

Warming up by making passive sentences

Hello, everyone. This week we learn to use passive voice (questions and statements). Now we shall begin by making passive sentences (questions and statements).

I was frustrated by his reply. His death was caused by his hard work.

Was the problem solved? His last hope was given up.

His English pronunciation is influenced by his Chinese. His attention was concentrated on his disease.

When was your radio set lost? Was her order obeyed?

Was she terrified by her face? When was his house burned?

1a Looking and writing

On page 71 you will find some adjectives used to describe how food tastes. Look at the pictures and write them under the correct picture. Note that some pictures have more than one word.

Do you like sweet drinks?

The crackers aren’t crisp. They must have got wet.

This soup is very salty.

I like to drink sour milk.

These oranges are as sour as lemons.

1b Writing the names

On page 71 you will find in the box some adjectives used to describe food. Now read each of them and write the name of a different food after each of them.

Sweet apple→ crispy crackers→ salty water→ sour rice

2a Listening and circling

On page 71 in the middle of the page you will find 6 statements. Listen to the recording and circle T or F.

Tapescript

Boy1: Hey, did you know that potato chips were invented by mistake?

Boy2: Really? What do you mean?

Boy1: Well, here on the bag it says that they were invented by a chef called George Crum.

Boy2: When was that?

Boy1: Oh, it was back in 1853.

Boy2: So, why was it an accident?

Boy1: Well, one day a customer in the restaurant where George worked sent back his plate of fried potatoes because he said they were cut too thick.

Boy2: So what happened?

Boy1: Well, George was in a bad mood, so he cut the potatoes really, really thin, and he cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were really salty. He thought the customer would hate them.

Boy2: And?

Boy1: And the customer loved them and asked for more. He told the other customers about them, and soon everyone was ordering thinly-sliced, crispy, salty potato chips.

Boy2: And we’re still eating them today. What a cool story!

Boy1: Yeah.

(The keys: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6.T)

Now read the tapescript and copy down all the useful expressions into your notebook.

be invented by mistake, on the bag, back in 1853, one day, in the restaurant, send… back, a plate of fried potatoes, be cut too thick, in a bad mood, cut…really, really thin, cook…a long time, sprinkle… on…, hate…, asked for…, tell… about…, thinly-sliced, crispy, salty potato chips, a cool story

2b Listening and completing

You are going to listen to the tapescript and complete the sentences on page 71 in the box.

The history of chips

Do you know that potato chips were invented by mistake? Chips were invented by a chef called George Crum. They were invented in 1853. George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were really salty.

2c Doing pairwork

Next you are going to role play the conversations about the invention of the potato chip. Use the information from the activities above.

The invention of the potato chip

A: Do you know that potato chips were invented by mistake?

B: I don’t know.

A: They were invented by a chef called George Crum.

B: When was that?

A: It was invented back in 1853.

B: Was it an accident?

A: A customer sent back his plate of fried potatoes because they were cut too thick. George cut the potatoes really, really thin. And he cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. He sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were really salty.

B: Did the customer loved them?

A: Yes, they asked for more. Everyone was ordering thinly-sliced, crispy, salty potato chips.

B: We like them, too.

A: So do I.

3a Reading and answering

Now let’s read to find out who invented tea. While you read, circle all the linking words and underline all the useful expressions.

Who invented tea?

Do you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world（after water）, was invented by accident? Although tea wasn’t brought to the Western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. Later he decided to taste the hot mixture. It was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.

After you read, answer the 4 questions following the article.

1. What is the article about? It is about the invention of tea.

2.When was it invented? It was invented over three thousand years before 1610.

3.Who was it invented by? It was invented by Shen Nong.

4. How was it invented?

The emperor Shen Nong noticed that the leaves from a nearby bush in the water produced a pleasant smell. He tasted the hot mixture. It was quite delicious.

3b Writing an article

On page 72 you will find notes in the box on the left. Write an article using the notes about the invention of the flying disk.

From pie plate to flying disk

A baker named William Russel Frisbie, of Warren, Connecticut, and later of Bridgeport, came up with a clever marketing idea back in the 1870s. He put the family name in relief on the bottom of the light tin pans in which his company’s homemade pies were sold. The pans were reusable, but every time a housewife started to bake a pie in one, she would see the name Frisbie and, it was hoped, think, "How much easier to buy one". Eventually Mr. Frisbie’s pies were sold throughout much of Connecticut, including New Haven.

There, sometime in the 1940s, Yale students began sailing the pie tins through the air and catching them. A decade later, out in California, a flying-saucer enthusiast named Walter Frederick Morrison designed a saucer-like disk for playing catch. It was produced by a company named Wham-O. On a promotional tour of college campuses, the president of Wham-O encountered the pie-plate-tossing craze at Yale. And so the flying saucer from California was renamed after the pie plate from Connecticut. Of course the name was changed from Frisbie to Frisbee to avoid any legal problems.

4a Thinking and invention

We all have things that we don’t liking doing. Why not think of an invention that could help you. Write the details of your invention in the chart on page 72.

Problem Learning English

New invention A machine that translates English into Chinese

Use The machine “sees” the written English, and shows the translation.

The machine “hears” the spoken English, and repeats it in Chinese.

Price 100 yuan each

4b Doing pairwork

In pairs ask each other questions about inventions, and try to sell your invention to your partner.

You may begin as is shown in the box on page 72.

A: This special pen was invented by Zheng Jie. It has three colors and it is used for learning English.

B: How is it special?

A: When the red color is turned on, the pen reads out English as it is moved along the line.

B: When about the black color?

A: When the black color is turned on, the pen finds out the structure of the sentences as it is moved along the line.

B: When about the yellow color?

A: When the yellow color is turned on, the pen shows the formation and meaning of the word as it is moved along the line.

B: Wonderful! Where can I get one?

A: I am the shop owner selling this kind of pen.

…

Closing down by talking about invention

Invention: abacus in c3000 BC

Invention: abacus

Function: A counting device: a mechanical device for making calculations consisting of a frame mounted with rods along which beads or balls are moved

Nationality: Chinese

Invention: Coca-Cola in 1886

Definition: noun / trademark

Function: Popular carbonated soft drink colored usually with caramel and flavored usually with extracts from kola nuts and sweeteners

Trademark: U.S. issued 1893

Inventor: John Stith Pemberton

Criteria; First to invent. Entrepreneur.

Birth: July 8, 1831 in Rome, Georgia

Death: August 16, 1888 in Columbus, Georgia

Nationality: American

SELF CHECK

1 Filling blanks

On page 73 is a box with 4 sentences. Read the sentences and fill in the blank with a correct word.

crispy sweet salty sour

1. I don’t like eating chocolate. The taste is too sweet.

2. Mom added salt but it still wasn’t salty enough.

3. I prefer lemons to oranges. I like the sour taste.

4. She likes crispy cookies. They are hard, dry and easily broken.

Now you are asked to make your own sentences with each of the four words.

1. The snow is crispy. The crackers aren’t crispy. They must have got wet.

2. My coffee is too sweet-I put two spoonfuls of sugar in it. Do you like sweet drinks?

3. Sea water is very salty. This soup is very salty. I think you have put too much salt in it.

4. These oranges are as sour as lemons.

2 Writing about inventions on page 73

3000 BC - The abacus, built out of wood and beads, used the concepts of one set of objects standing in for objects in another set, but also the concept of a single object standing for a collection of objects-positional notation.

- Early tables, named abaci, formalized counting and introduced the concept of positional notation.

- Early man counted by means of matching one set of objects with another set (stones and sheep).

invention, history, inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating facts.

The basic umbrella was invented over four thousand years ago. We have seen evidence of umbrellas in the ancient art and artifacts of Egypt, Assyria, Greece, and China.

These ancient umbrellas or parasols, were first designed to provide shade from the sun. The Chinese were the first to waterproof their umbrellas for use as rain protection.

Soon after telescopes were invented, people started to fasten two of the long tubes together to make binoculars (from the Latin "two eyes").

Around 1900, a German physicist named Ernst Abbe made a pair of binoculars using prisms. The triangular prisms each reflected the incoming light twice. This meant it was possible to make a shorter instrument. The two prisms also flipped the image upright.

Camera

The history of the camera - Camera Obscura, photography, the significant processes of photography, and who invented the polaroid and photographic film.

In 1818, Baron von Drais introduced a machine to the public in Paris. It had two in-line wheels connected by a wooden frame. The rider sat astride and pushed it along with his feet, while steering the front wheel.

Just for fun!

Look at the pictures below and tell about what you see. Use as many examples of passive voice (questions and statements) as possible.

Reading: Do you know when basketball was invented?

Before you read, listen and read aloud to the recording of passage. Make your reading as close to the recording as possible.

While you read, divide (/) the sentences into groups of thought, circle the predicates in passive voice and underline all the useful expressions.

Do you know when basketball was invented?

If you travel around China/ you will notice a very popular activity /everywhere you go- basketball. This much-loved and active sport is enjoyed/ by all, for fun and exercise.

The sport of basketball is a little more than a hundred years old. It is played/ by more than 100 million people/ in over 200 countries /including China, where basketball has been played/ in parks, schools, and even in factories.

Basketball was invented/ by a Canadian doctor/ named James Naismith, who was born/ in 1861. When he was at college, his class was once asked/ to invent a new game/ that could be played/ indoors/ during the long winters. Dr Naismith created a game/ to be played/ on a hard wooden floor, so/ the safety of the players/ was important. Knocking into players/ and falling down would be dangerous.

Dr Naismith divided the men/ in his class/ into two teams, and taught them/ how to play his new game. The aim of basketball is for players/ to try to get a ball/ into the “basket”: a net/ hanging from a metal hoop. Players shoot/ from below the basket, and sometimes/ the “backboard” is used/ for guiding the ball/ into the basket. Players move/ towards one end of the court/ while throwing the ball/ to each other.

It is believed that/ on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game/ in history/ was played. Then/ in 1936/ in Berlin, it became an Olympic event. A team/ from China/ took part, and although they didn’t win/ they used the experience/ to help develop the game/ at home. Since then, the popularity of basketball has risen/ worldwide, and the number of foreign players/ in America’s NBA （National Basketball Association）has increased. Basketball has also become a more popular sport/ for people/ to watch, and many young people/ dream of becoming famous basketball players.

After you read, copy down all the useful expressions into your phrase book.

travel around…, notice a very popular activity, a much-loved and active sport, be enjoyed by…, for fun and exercise, a little more than…, be played by…, in over 200 countries, be played in…, be invented by…, be born in…, at college, invent a new game, be played indoors, during the long winters, create a game, be played on a hard wooden floor, the safety of …, knock into…, fall down, divide… into…, teach… how to play…, get a ball into…, a net hanging from…, shoot from below…, be used for …, guide…into…, move towards…, throw…to…, on December 21st, 1891, in history, in 1936, in Berlin, an Olympic event, a team from China, take part, used… to help develop the game, at home, since then, rise worldwide, become a more popular sport, dream of becoming famous basketball players.

Part 2: Teaching Resources（第二部分：教學資源）

I.What is invention?

An invention is a new thing that someone has made. The computer was an invention when it was first made. We say when it was "invented". New things that are made or created are called inventions. The car is an invention that everyone knows.

Ideas are also called inventions. Writers can invent characters, and then invent a story about them.

II. What is an inventor?

An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. Although some inventors may also be scientists, most of them are engineers in fact as they base their work on the discoveries of other scientists, experimenting with practical applications and combinations of those discoveries, and with improvements and combinations of existing devices, to create new useful devices.

The system of patents was established to encourage inventors by granting limited-term monopoly on inventions that are judged sufficiently novel. This system is nowadays frequently considered as being abused, especially in the United States, and some have called for reform or even abolition of the patent system. In the U.S., however, the patent right originates from the Constitution, so inventors will likely continue to protect their inventions that way for many years to come.

The capacity to invent can be developed. See TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem-solving.