泰興市第三高級(jí)中學(xué)
編號(hào)203022 高二年級(jí) 英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)案
_________班 姓名___________ 備課組長(zhǎng)：申繼忠
Unit 6 Life in the future
Words and useful expressions
1. forecast (forecast, forecast; forecasted, forecasted) v/n預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)
make forecasts about對(duì)…做出預(yù)測(cè)
The clerk’s job is to forecast the fall and rise in unemployment.
那個(gè)職員的工作是預(yù)測(cè)失業(yè)人數(shù)的下降和上升。
_____________________________________________________據(jù)預(yù)報(bào)今天下午晴天。
_______________________________, it will be windy tomorrow and sunny the day after tomorrow.
根據(jù)天氣預(yù)報(bào)，明天多風(fēng)、后天晴朗。
The weather forecast that it will be fine next week is inaccurate.說(shuō)下周天氣好的預(yù)報(bào)是不正確的。
相似辨析：forecast與predict
forecast指借助某種知識(shí)的幫助來(lái)預(yù)報(bào)、預(yù)測(cè)，既可做動(dòng)詞，也可作名詞。后面可跟名詞、代詞和從句作賓語(yǔ)。
predict指借助于一些知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和原因去預(yù)言、預(yù)測(cè)。后面也可跟名詞、代詞和從句作賓語(yǔ)。
He predicted that our team would win.他預(yù)言我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。
2. glimpse n.一瞥，一看
catch a glimpse of=get a glimpse of=have a glimpse of瞥見(jiàn)，一瞥
eg：I only caught a glimpse of the thief，so I can't really describe him．
我只瞥見(jiàn)那竊賊一眼，所以說(shuō)不出他的面貌。
glimpse v．瞥見(jiàn)，看一眼
eg：I glimpsed her among the crowd just before she disappeared from sight．
就在她消失前的一剎那，我在人群中瞥見(jiàn)了她。
glance at 瞥見(jiàn)
3. trend
趨勢(shì)，傾向，走向
The current trend is towards more part-time employment.目前的趨勢(shì)傾向于臨時(shí)工作。
There’s a growing trend towards smaller classes in school.學(xué)校向小班趨勢(shì)發(fā)展。
The trend of the river is towards west by north.這條河的走向是北偏西。
(2)時(shí)尚
The models always_________________________.模特總是引領(lǐng)服裝新潮流。
4. contemporary
(1)當(dāng)代的，現(xiàn)代的
Some people like contemporary literature better because writers live in the same times often write about their ideas and opinions of modern life.有些人更喜歡當(dāng)代文學(xué)是因?yàn)楹退麄兺瑫r(shí)代的作家經(jīng)常寫(xiě)些現(xiàn)代生活中跟他們有關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)和想法。
(2)同時(shí)代的，同時(shí)期的
What he wrote is a contemporary record of events.他所寫(xiě)的東西是同時(shí)代的大事記。
Lu Xun_________________________ Mao Zedong.魯迅和毛澤東是同一時(shí)代的人。
5．indicate
(1)指出，指示(point to)eg：I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite．
我問(wèn)他我姐姐在哪里，他指指對(duì)面的商店。
(2)象征，表明，預(yù)示，暗示
The smile on his face______________________________________.
他臉上的笑容表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿(mǎn)意。
Blue sky indicates fine weather tomorrow. 藍(lán)藍(lán)的天預(yù)示著明天是個(gè)好天氣。
The cloud in the sky_________________________________.天空的云象征著又一個(gè)雨天要來(lái)了。
(3)(以手勢(shì)、指示燈等)指示
eg：He is indicating left．他指示車(chē)將要向左拐彎。
6．ensure保證；擔(dān)保；保護(hù)
ensure sb sth．
ensure sb against/from sth． 確保某人免遭
ensure +that-clause
This pill will ensure you a good night's sleep．_________________________________________
Please ensure that you turn off all the lights before you lock the door.
在你鎖門(mén)之前要確保把所有的燈都關(guān)掉了。
We should ensure ourselves against all possible risks．
(英譯漢)_________________________________________
7. system
系統(tǒng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò) Each animal has its own nervous system.每種動(dòng)物都有自己的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。
制度 Our daily work and life must depend on the useful system.
我們?nèi)粘５墓ぷ骱蜕钣匈?lài)于有用的制度。
體系，體制 His system of philosophy has come into being after ten years hard work.
十年的辛勤勞動(dòng)之后他的哲學(xué)體系終于形成了。
8. reform vt, n.改革；改良；悔改
the reform and open policy 改革開(kāi)放政策
land reform 土地改革
reform oneself 改過(guò)自新
There are signs that he’s reforming.有跡象表明他在變好。
9. keep/be in touch with與…保持聯(lián)系（狀態(tài)）
get in touch with與…取得聯(lián)系（動(dòng)作）
be out of touch with與…失去聯(lián)系（狀態(tài)）
lose touch with與…失去聯(lián)系（動(dòng)作）
10．goods n .商品、貨物. goods無(wú)單數(shù)形式，不能用數(shù)詞或many等來(lái)修飾；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，配用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
There are lots of good goods in the supermarket．超市里有很多商品。
Look! There___ only___ goods on the shelf.
A．is；two pieces of B．is；two piece of
C．a(chǎn)re；two pieces of D．a(chǎn)re；two piece of
11. purchase n.購(gòu)買(mǎi)；購(gòu)置物. Vt.購(gòu)買(mǎi)
It's really a good purchase! 這確實(shí)是個(gè)好東西。
I have some purchases to make in town．我有些東西要在鎮(zhèn)上買(mǎi)。
It was the most extravagant purchase I have ever made．這是我買(mǎi)過(guò)的最昂貴的物品。
12. tiny、little與small的區(qū)別
small小，不帶任何感情成分；
little小而可愛(ài)的；tiny極小的。
There is a small quantity of milk left in the cup．杯子里還剩一點(diǎn)牛奶。
Babies have very tiny=(small)fingers．?huà)雰旱氖种负苄 ?/p>
a little problem (1ittle=not important)
13. remain
（1）作“保持，依然”解，是連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞、名詞、過(guò)去分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。
If you don't eat，you'll just have to remain____________．如果你不吃，就只得依然挨餓了。
He became a doctor but his brother remained_________．他成為醫(yī)生，而他弟弟仍然是農(nóng)民。
The work remained__________．這工作還是未完成。
The visit will always remain_____________．這次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)會(huì)一直在我記憶中。
（2）remain也可作“遺留，剩下”解，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能接賓語(yǔ)，也不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
If you take 3 from 8，___________．如果把8減去了3，還剩下5。(八減三得五)
The children ate and ate until no food________________．孩子們一直吃到桌上不剩菜。
（3）remain還可作“留下，逗留”解，是不及物動(dòng)詞。
I will remain to see the end of the match．我要留下來(lái)看比賽的結(jié)局。
How many weeks will you remain(=stay)here? 你會(huì)待在這里幾個(gè)星期？
（4）remain + to do連用，意思是“尚待”。
Nothing remains to be said．無(wú)話(huà)可說(shuō)。
_________________________________________．他能否通過(guò)這次考試仍不得而知。
【警示】(1)remain的名詞形式有兩種：remains意思是“剩余，殘留物等，remainder (常與the連用，單復(fù)數(shù)同形)，意思是“剩余的人(物)，其他的人(物)”
(2)remain的形容詞形式為remaining意思是“剩下的”，在句中作定語(yǔ)。
This is my remaining property．我剩下的財(cái)產(chǎn)就是這。
(1)Because he is very lazy and has no job，his life_____ very poor．
A．still B．remains
C．is remained D．is left
(2)The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the______.
A．20 dollars remained B．remained 20 dollars
C．20 dollars to remain D．remaining 20 dollars
14．Regular adj.有規(guī)律的，定期的,習(xí)慣性的,除以上常用義外，regular還有以下意思：
regular teeth整齊的牙齒(整齊的，勻稱(chēng)的)
a regular member正式會(huì)員(正規(guī)的，公正的)
a regular hero真英雄(十足的，徹底的)
a regular customer老顧客(定期的，經(jīng)常的)
(as)regular as clockwork極有規(guī)律的
[考題]she arrives every day at five,_______.
A．how good she is B．it is surprised
C．regular as clockwork D．that's nice
15.deal with對(duì)付，對(duì)待，處理；與…做買(mǎi)賣(mài)；論述，涉及
Teachers should deal fairly with their students.老師應(yīng)該公平地對(duì)待學(xué)生。
________________________________________________________.我們有那么多困難要處理。
The businessman is very honest, so you can deal safely with him.那個(gè)商人很誠(chéng)實(shí)，你可以放心地和他做生意。
I intend to deal with contemporary writers in a separate article.我打算在另一篇文章里論述當(dāng)代作家。
[相似辨析]do with與deal with
(1)do with想要，需要；對(duì)付，處置
What have you done with my pen? 你把我的鋼筆放到哪里去了？
I have no idea what to do with the old car.我不知道怎么處理那輛舊車(chē)。
deal with 表示處理時(shí)特殊疑問(wèn)詞用how，而do with用what。
I don’t know______________________________.我不知道怎么處理那輛舊車(chē)。
He doesn’t know______________________________.他不知道怎么處理這件事。
16.cure vt． 治愈；治療
This medicine will cure your headache．這藥能治好你的頭痛。
A few days’ rest will cure you．休息幾天你的病就會(huì)好的。
常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)；cure sb of治愈某人的……病；改掉某人的……惡習(xí)
The doctor__________________．醫(yī)生治愈了他的癌癥。
It seems that nobody can____________________．似乎沒(méi)有人能使我戒煙。
n.治愈；治療法；對(duì)策
His complete cure can't be expected．他完全恢復(fù)健康遙不可期。
他已改掉喝酒的習(xí)慣。(漢譯英)
____________________________________________________
[相似辨析]treat與cure
（1）treat v.對(duì)待；處理；治療；款待，宴請(qǐng) n.愉快的事；款待，請(qǐng)客
treat表示治療這個(gè)意思時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。
Treat the others as they treat you.以其人之道還治其人之身。
The doctors tried to__________________________.醫(yī)生們?cè)噲D醫(yī)治病人的癌癥。
The visit to the seaside was a great treat for us.去海濱游覽對(duì)我們是一大樂(lè)事。
Now remember this is to my treat, so I will pay for everything.別忘了這次由我做東，一切帳都由我付。
（2）cure 表示治療、治愈時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。
The doctor has cured the patient of his heart attack.醫(yī)生已經(jīng)治愈了病人的心臟病。
17．distance n．遠(yuǎn)處，遠(yuǎn)方，距離
go the distance繼續(xù)跑完全程，賽足全局等
in the distance在……距離內(nèi)
keep one’s distance保持一定距離，對(duì)(人，事業(yè))等冷淡，疏遠(yuǎn)
keep sb at a distance與某人保持一定的距離，不愿與某人親近
[考題]He was asked many times to join the party，but he always_______.
A．went the distance B．kept his distance
C．in the distance D．keep him at a distance
18．hopeful
懷有希望的 be hopeful about sth/ of doing sth/ that
Every one should_________________________.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)充滿(mǎn)希望。
All of us may feel hopeful______________________________.我們都要相信我們是有望獲得成功的。
The police are hopeful of finding more clues to the murder. 警察對(duì)找到更多的線(xiàn)索抓住謀殺者是充滿(mǎn)希望的。
希望的，有前途的
The prisoner’s future seems not to be very hopeful.那囚犯的未來(lái)似乎沒(méi)什么前途。
Things might get better, but it doesn’t look very hopeful right now.事情可能會(huì)變好，可是現(xiàn)在看來(lái)希望不大。
19. “in+名詞”的詞組小結(jié)
in hospital在住院 in prison在監(jiān)獄(服刑)
in battle在戰(zhàn)斗中 in order井然有序
in danger在危險(xiǎn)中 in doubt感到懷疑
in common共有 in debt負(fù)債
in sight在視線(xiàn)之內(nèi) in trouble處于不幸(苦惱或困境)中
in store儲(chǔ)藏著；準(zhǔn)備著 in general大體上
in peace平平安安地 in secret秘密地
in surprise驚奇地 in public公開(kāi)地
in person親自 in particular特別地
in silent無(wú)聲地 in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫辉谕ǔ５奈恢?/p>
20.cheat vt .欺騙,騙取 n. 欺騙行為
Keep away from that man! He is always cheating others．離那人遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)，他總是騙人！
They cheated death in the stormy sea．他們從狂風(fēng)暴雨的大海中死里逃生。
As a student, we shouldn’t cheat at the examination．作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，我們不應(yīng)在考試中作弊。
cheat sb (out) of sth．防止某人得到某事物(尤指以不正當(dāng)或不誠(chéng)實(shí)的手段)
cheat (on) sb不忠實(shí)于…
accuse sb．of cheating at cards指責(zé)某人玩牌時(shí)作弊
[考題](1) That man is really bad! He_____ her wife，he not only always shouts to her but a1so fights with her.
A．beat B．is in love with
C．cheats him of D．cheats on
(2)Jim’s father was accused of____ at cards，but in fact not．
A．good B．playing C．cheating D．winning
21．require需要，要求，命令
require sth of sb．
require sb to do要求某人做某事
require that從句(句中用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略)
All the members are required to attend the meeting．_________________________。
The court required that________________________．法庭要求他支付罰金。
【警示】require需要；可加名詞／代詞；require +doing..=require + to be done..，這時(shí)動(dòng)名詞是主動(dòng)形式，但含有被動(dòng)意義.此時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)必須為事或物
This wall ______________________=This wall________________________．這墻需要修補(bǔ)了。
requirement要求 meet one's requirements符合某人的要求
【拓展】demand，request，require這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“要求；需要”之意，但其含義和結(jié)構(gòu)有所有同。
（1）demand主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)表示堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持要做某事；主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)指迫切需要，其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)用should加動(dòng)詞原形。
He demands to see you．他要求見(jiàn)到你。
She demands a meeting tonight．她要求今天晚上開(kāi)會(huì)。
I demand that one of you(should)go there at once．我要求你們中的一個(gè)人馬上去那兒。
(2) request意為“懇求；請(qǐng)求”，指通過(guò)正式手續(xù)提出的要求，口氣和緩，態(tài)度禮貌。其句型有request sth(from／of sb)，request sb to do sth．和request that從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （should+ 動(dòng)詞原形）
All I request of you is that __________________________．我所要求的是你按時(shí)來(lái)。
Mr. Smith requested that_____________________________．史密斯請(qǐng)求他女兒離開(kāi)這里。
(3)require表示按照法規(guī)，權(quán)利提出的要求或命令，指客觀需要，含缺此不可之意。其句型有require sth；require (of)sb to do sth；require that從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)，require doing(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))和require to be done ：
[考題]1．This radio doesn't work．It requires______.
A．repairing B．repaired C．being repaired D．to repair
2．My mother demanded that I____ smoking．
A．gave up B．gives up C．to give D．give up
22. reality
(1)u.現(xiàn)實(shí)，現(xiàn)實(shí)世界
His friends bring him to the reality.他的朋友把他帶回現(xiàn)實(shí)世界。
We cannot escape from the reality of everyday life, only to face it. 我們不能逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)，只能面對(duì)它。
(2)c.實(shí)際存在的事物
He made a big mistake for he hadn’t grasped the realities of situation.
由于沒(méi)了解實(shí)際情況，所以他犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)。
(3)u.真實(shí)
They keep saying we’ll get the money, but the reality is that there’s none left.
他們堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我們會(huì)得到錢(qián)的，可實(shí)際上什么也沒(méi)有。
in reality事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
bring sb. back to reality使某人面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)；把某人帶回現(xiàn)實(shí)世界
turn sth. into reality把…變成現(xiàn)實(shí)
Language points
Warming up and speaking
1．How will people communicate in the future?
(1)communicate作“傳遞”：communicate．．．to sb．
He communicated his intention to me．他把他的意向告訴了我。
(2)communicate作“交往，交際”，communicate with…
we can communicate with people in most parts of the world by phone．
我們可以和世界上大部分地區(qū)的人通過(guò)電話(huà)交流。
(3)communicate的名詞是：communication，意思是“交流”，“溝通”，“通信，聯(lián)絡(luò)”，其形容詞是：communicative"愛(ài)說(shuō)話(huà)的，直言不諱的”
Language is a major means of communication，but communication between people who speak different language is difficult．雖然語(yǔ)言是主要的交際工具，可是語(yǔ)言不相同的時(shí)候，溝通起來(lái)就十分困難了。
He is a communicative person．他是位直言不諱的人。
in the (near/immediate/distant)future 在(不久/最近/遙遠(yuǎn)的)將來(lái)
in future 從今往后（from now on）
No one knows what will happen___________.沒(méi)人知道將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。
__________you are not allowed to go out alone.今后你不準(zhǔn)單獨(dú)外出。
2．What happened to the people on the earth?地球上的人發(fā)生了什么事情?
(1) sth happen to sb．某事發(fā)生于……身上
She hoped_____________________________．她希望她身上不會(huì)發(fā)生壞事情。
happen to do sth碰巧(偶然)…
__________________________________．我碰巧在街上見(jiàn)到他。
It (so) happens that 碰巧…
It so happens that the famous actor was her brother.=The famous actor happens to be her brother.
那個(gè)有名的演員碰巧是她的哥哥。
(2) on the earth“在地球上”相對(duì)于其他星球而言。
The sun is much hotter than any fire on the earth．
in the earth“在地里，在地下”
There is much oil in the earth．地下有大量的石油。
on earth有以下五種用法：
①“在人世間，在世界上”相當(dāng)于 in the world,一般用于肯定句中。
Unexpected things always happen on earth．
②“在陸地上,在地面上”,這時(shí)和天空(sky)或天(heaven)相對(duì),冠詞可有可無(wú)。
It was one of the few man-made objects on earth that could be seen by the astronauts who landed on the moon．它是登上月球的宇航員所能看到的地面上為數(shù)不多的人造物之一。
③“到底，究竟”常與who，what，when，where，how，why等連用，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，含有驚奇、憤怒、敬佩等感情色彩。
How on earth did you know it?你到底是怎么知道這件事的
④用在形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)后以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。
The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers on earth．長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。
⑤ “全然，一點(diǎn)也不”，用于否定句，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。
Nothing on earth could make him change his mind．無(wú)論什么也不能使他改變注意。
In winter, some animals hide______ .
A．in the earth B．on earth C．on the earth D．a(chǎn)t the earth
3．It would be bad for society if people had doubles…．如果人們有替身，那會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)有害的.
這是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子，其中if people had doubles為非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。英語(yǔ)中，表示在說(shuō)話(huà)人看來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性很小的將來(lái)事態(tài)，或表示與現(xiàn)在事態(tài)相反的主觀設(shè)想時(shí)，運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would／could／might／should后接動(dòng)詞原形，條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式形式(動(dòng)詞是be時(shí)，一律用were)。
He would visit us if he ______in town．如果他在鎮(zhèn)上回來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)我們的。
If Richard_________________，he might pass the exam．如果Richard下學(xué)期努力學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)通過(guò)考試的。
【拓展】當(dāng)表示與過(guò)去的事態(tài)相反的主觀設(shè)想時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞would／could／might／should后接現(xiàn)在完成式形式，條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成式形式。
We ___________________if we____________________________．如果知道你的電話(huà)號(hào)碼，我們會(huì)給你打電話(huà)的。
[考題]1．If he _____here earlier，he____ not miss the train．
A．comes：will B．came；will C．came；would D．comes；would
2．They would not___in the last exam if they__very hard．
A．fail；studied B．have failed；had studied
C．failed；have studied D．fail；had studied
Reading
Multiple choice.
1. What may lead to changes in the way diseases are cured and medicines are made?
A．Healthy diet and active 1ife．
B．Eating and exercises．
C．Advances in medical science．
D．New discoveries in genetics and biochemistry．
2. What's the meaning of the future transportation in Paragraph 2?
A．No pollution． B．High speed． C．Safety． D．All of the above．
3. What does the last paragraph of Passage 1 mainly talk about?
A．E-learning． B．Knowledge． C．Efforts． D．Education．
4. From Passage 1，what can we conclude?
A．Life in the future can be predicted in the way of examining the major trends at present．
B．Life in the future won't be imagined by us at present．
C．Life in the future w．1l last for ever．
D．Life in the future can be completely controlled by computer．
5. What can we infer from Passage 1?
A．There will be no schools for us to be educated．
B．In the future we will have no diseases．
C．Life in the future will be towards perfect．
D．The importance of computer in the future life．
Language points：
1. What will the future be like in general?
in general在句中常用作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用在句首，并用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；作定語(yǔ)，作“大多數(shù)，少有例外”解，放在所修飾名詞的后面。
____________, we are satisfied with what we did.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們對(duì)所做的很滿(mǎn)意。
________________like to shop for new clothes.大多數(shù)婦女喜歡買(mǎi)新衣服。
2. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.未來(lái)的生活是什么樣子真的很難預(yù)料。
在這個(gè)句子中to predict作狀語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式不必用被動(dòng)式。
__________________________________.這題很難解。
____________________________________. 很難確定什么是最好的方法。
此句型大多可以用it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正主語(yǔ)放到不定式后面。如上面兩句可以改成：
It is very difficult to solve this problem.
It is very hard to decide what is the best way.
3．New technology is being used to make sure that the cars, taxis, buses and trains we use don’t pollute the air.新技術(shù)正在被用來(lái)確保我們使用的汽車(chē)，出租車(chē)，公共汽車(chē)和火車(chē)不污染空氣。
該句that the cars, taxis, buses and trains we use don’t pollute the air是make sure的賓語(yǔ)從句；we use是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the cars, taxis, buses and trains.
Please make sure that the fruit you buy is fresh.請(qǐng)確保你買(mǎi)的水果是新鮮的。
be used to do 被用來(lái)做某事
This instrument is used to measure the speed of passing cars.這種儀器是用來(lái)測(cè)量過(guò)往車(chē)速的。
[相關(guān)鏈接]be/get used to sth/doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事；used to do sth過(guò)去常常做某事
They__________________________.他們已養(yǎng)成了早起的習(xí)慣。
My mother______________________.我的母親過(guò)去常常給我們講故事。
4．A good example of how transportation is changing is the new maglev train, which is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and travels at an amazing 430km/h.公共交通正在改善的一個(gè)很好的例子就是磁懸浮列車(chē)，它環(huán)保、節(jié)能而且能以每小時(shí)430公里的驚人速度行駛。
本句中how transportation is changing作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)從句；which is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and travels at an amazing 430km/h.是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the new maglev train.
a good example of 表示“…的例子，榜樣”。
The temple is_____________________________.這座寺廟是中國(guó)古代建筑的典型。
take sb/sth for example拿某人/某事為例
set a good example to sb為某人樹(shù)立好榜樣
follow sb’s example學(xué)習(xí)某人；效仿某人
make an example of sb懲一警百
take example by臨摹
5．Perhaps more importantly, new discoveries in genetics and biochemistry may lead to changes in the way diseases are cured and medicines are made.也許會(huì)有更重要的事發(fā)生，那就是遺傳學(xué)及生物化學(xué)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能使治病、藥品配制的方法發(fā)生改變。
1ead to
(1)引起、造成、導(dǎo)致，+ 名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞
His carelessness led to the accident．他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這次事故。
(2)通過(guò)，通向……eg：All roads lead to Rome．條條大路通羅馬。
(3)lead sb．to／into／across／through領(lǐng)某人到／進(jìn)入／越過(guò)／穿過(guò)……
He________________________．他領(lǐng)我們到了樓上的那個(gè)房間。
I led the blind man across the street．我領(lǐng)那個(gè)盲人越過(guò)街道。
【拓展】
lead a quiet(happy／hard)life過(guò)著安靜(快樂(lè)，艱苦)的生活
give sb 1ead給某人做榜樣
take the lead in…在……方面領(lǐng)先
hold／lose the lead保持／失去領(lǐng)先地位
6．The way we view learning and knowledge is also changing．我們看待學(xué)習(xí)和知識(shí)的方法也在變化。
we view learning and knowledge作定語(yǔ)修飾the way，可省略that／in which .
I like the way(that／in which)／the pop star acted on the stage．
(2)in this way用這種方法，手段
in a way在某種程度上，有點(diǎn)
______________________．從某種程度上看，你是對(duì)的。
in no way絕不
in the/one’s way擋道
7．We cannot be sure whether our dream will come true,but we can at least be hopeful that our efforts to improve the world will be successful.我們不能肯定是否會(huì)夢(mèng)想成真，但至少我們改造世界的努力有成功的希望。
此句是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句，but連接了兩個(gè)并列的分句，在第一個(gè)分句中，whether our dream will come true是賓語(yǔ)從句，在第二個(gè)分句中，that our efforts to improve the world will be successful也是賓語(yǔ)從句。
She is not sure whether they will come to rescue her, but she expects that the help will come sooner or later.她不敢肯定他們是否會(huì)來(lái)救她，但她期待著救援遲早會(huì)到。
come true是固定詞組，指“（預(yù)言，夢(mèng)想等）成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”，true是形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
Keep up your courage, your hope will at last__________.鼓足勇氣，你的希望一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
8．If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.如果我們能適應(yīng)改革，敢于標(biāo)新立異，那么不管未來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么，我們都能夠從容應(yīng)付。
本句中，if引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，what和whatever分別引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。
Whatever既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
Take__________________.你要什么就拿什么。
_____________________, he won’t believe you.不管你怎么說(shuō)，他都不會(huì)相信的。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
appreciate作動(dòng)詞，表示“鑒賞，欣賞，感謝”，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。
We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.經(jīng)過(guò)一年辛苦工作后，我們大家都能享受假期的樂(lè)趣。
We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我們恭候佳音。
The girl appreciated the boy’s informing that her mother would soon come here.那位姑娘很感激那個(gè)小男孩通知她，她的母親不久就要來(lái)了。
語(yǔ)法：名詞性從句
主語(yǔ)從句。
(1) 接代詞what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
[考例提示]__________you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That B. What C. Which D. This
(2) 由從屬連詞that, whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)。
That this has happened is not your fault.
Whether he will come or not is uncertain.
(3) 由疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, why, how 以及由how組成的詞組等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.
Where they will hold the conference has been decided.
Why he has come to New York is a story of struggle and success.
How they managed to succeed is still a secret.
How soon they will set off depends on the weather.
(4) 以it作形式主語(yǔ)，把主語(yǔ)從句后置的常用句型有：
① It + be + adj + that clause
It is certain that she will do well in the exam.
It is probable that he told her everything.
② It + be + noun phrase + that clause
It’s a pity that we can’t go.
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the match.
③ It + be + past participle + that clause
It is said that the president has arrived in Beijing.
It is thought that Jack drives badly.
④ It + seem/happen + that clause
It seems that Brown is not coming to the party at all.
It happened that he was out that day.
⑤ It + v + n/adj +由其他引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
It is uncertain whether he will come or not.
It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.
表語(yǔ)從句。
引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)從句基本相同，只不過(guò)多了as if/as though，because。
The truth is that I have never been there.
That he didn’t come is because he was ill.
It looks as if it were going to rain.
賓語(yǔ)從句。
用作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句主要涉及以下幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)。
1、考查引導(dǎo)詞的選用。
這又可以分為3種情況：
that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，并常可省略。
I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for people’s health.我認(rèn)為看太多電視對(duì)人的健康有害。
if/whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中也不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，但whether/if不可省略。
I don’t know whether/if these figures are accurate.我不知道那些數(shù)字是否準(zhǔn)確。
(3) when, where, how, why等特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，分別在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式和原因狀語(yǔ)等。
I wonder what you are thinking about.我想知道你在想什么。
Can you tell me when you began smoking?你能告訴我你什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始吸煙的嗎？
[考例提示]①-I think it’s going to be a big problem.
-Yes, it could be.
-I wonder _______we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
② When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the gold rule: Always give the monkey exactly ________he wants.
A . what B. which C. when D. that
③ I read about it in some book or other, does it matter ______it was?
A . where B. what C. how D. which
④ A computer can only do _________you have instructed it to do.
A .how B. after C. what D. when
⑤ Little Tom was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ________he had done the day before.
A . that B. how C. where D. what
對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序的考查。
在賓語(yǔ)從句中，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)的前面。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫(xiě)信說(shuō)什么事。
I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。
[考例提示]① Can you tell me _______the railway station?
A . how I can get to B. how can I get to
C . where I can get to D. where can I get to
② Someone is ring the doorbell. Go and see _________.
A . who is he B. who he is
C . who is it D. who it is
考查賓語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)氣。
賓語(yǔ)從句中是用陳述語(yǔ)氣還是虛擬語(yǔ)氣取決于主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
(1) 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示命令、建議、要求等詞時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：一堅(jiān)持（insist）；二命令（order/demand）；三建議（suggest/propose/advise）；四要求（ask/require/request/demand）。
Her mother insisted that she (should) take a one-week rest before going back to work.她母親堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她上班之前要休息一周。
Our teacher suggested that_________________.我們老師建議我們步行去那兒。
wish 和would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
I wish I______ a millionaire.我要是一個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁就好了。
I would rather you________________.我寧愿你明天去那兒。
[考例提示]How I wish every family ________a large house with a beautiful garden!
A . has B. had C. will have D. had had
專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：
Sarah hoped to become a friend of _____shares her interests.
A . anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
_________we can’t get seems better than ______we have.
A .What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
_______we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A . If B. Whether C. That D. Where
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________he or she wants.
A . however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember___________.
A . where B. there C. which D. that
It was a matter of ______will take the position.
A . who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that _______you had a few days off?
A . why B. when C. what D. where
Eat ______cake you like and leave the others for ________comes in late.
A . any; who B. every; whoever
C . whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
These wild flowers are so special that I would do ______I can to save them.
A . whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see_______he will do.
A . how B. what C. when D. that
-Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
-Oh, that’s _________.
A . what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
Integrating skills:
Multiple choice:
1．What does an e-friend can do in the future
A．It can helD us with our homework．
B．It can walk and talk with us．
C．It can clean up rooms．
D．All of the above mentioned．
2．What can we see in the year 3044 when we use a cell-phone showing pictures?
A．We can see the picture of the person who speaks to US．
B．We can recognize the voice．
C．We can see a lifelike model of the person．
D．We can hear if they are happy，sad，interested，etc．
3．In the year 3044，using computer，programmes can_____.
A．copy the world and people
B．send old-fashioned e-mails
C．help you to make an e-friend
D．travel back in time and visit friends
4．What's the main idea of Passage 2 ?
A．Life in the year 3044 and life in the 21st century are quite dIfferent．
B．E-friends can help us do everything．
C．We don't need to meet again in the year 3044 because of the computer．
D．None of the above．
5．What can we infer from Passage 2 ?
A．Mekanika lives a lonely life．
B．Life in the year 3044 makes Mekanika feel happy．
C．Mekanika doesn't do anything in the year 3044．
D．Mekanika welcomes us to the year 3044．
Language points:
For example, we now have e-friends to help us and keep us company.比如說(shuō)我們現(xiàn)在有電子朋友幫忙，給我們做伴。
company n．
(1)友誼，交情，陪伴[U]
We will be glad of your company 0n the journey．旅行中有你陪伴我們會(huì)很高興。
in company(with)陪伴某人，和……在一起
keep sb company=keep company with sb陪伴某人；給某人做伴
He kept me company．他陪伴我。
(2)伴侶，同伴[U]
I have company this evening．今晚我有客。
公司[c]
We organized a publishing company．
【拓展】
part company(with)和某人分手，斷絕來(lái)往
in the company of在……陪同下
This may sound absurd to you, but if you think about it a little, it may not seem so strange after all.這可能聽(tīng)起來(lái)很滑稽，但如果你再想一想，它可能就不那么奇怪了。
after all是副詞短語(yǔ)，意為“結(jié)果，終究”時(shí)，表示結(jié)果與預(yù)想不同，通常置于句末；意為“畢竟，究竟”時(shí)，用于導(dǎo)出原因，通常置于句首。另外，after all還有“應(yīng)該記住”的意思。
I’m so sorry. I can’t come after all. 對(duì)不起，結(jié)果我還是不能來(lái)。
It’s not surprising you’ve got stomachache.__________, you’ve eaten too much.你的胃痛并不令人驚訝，畢竟你實(shí)在吃得太多了。
He should have offered to pay-he has plenty of money, after all.他應(yīng)該主動(dòng)提出付款-他有的是錢(qián)，別忘了。
Sometimes it is difficult to tell what is “real” and what is an image.有時(shí)很難區(qū)分哪個(gè)是“真的”，哪個(gè)是影象。
本句有兩個(gè)有what引導(dǎo)的并列的賓語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。
tell在此處意為“辨別，識(shí)別，看出”（通常與can，could，be able to連用，用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句），后接名詞或從句作賓語(yǔ)。
Can you tell the difference between the two?你能看出兩者之間的差別嗎？
_______________________________.我分辨不出哪一個(gè)提袋是她的。
It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from the other.雙胞胎有時(shí)很難分辨。
4．But I have to send my e-friend to clean up my room.但是我得打發(fā)我的電子朋友去打掃房間。
clean up
(1) 徹底掃除；清理
It's your turn to___________________．輪到你打掃廚房啦。
(2) 大財(cái)，賺(一大筆錢(qián))
He cleaned up a fortune playing cards．他玩牌撈了不少錢(qián)。
5. Maybe some day I will be able to travel back in time and visit you.或許總有一天我能夠穿越時(shí)光隧道去拜訪(fǎng)你。
some day 將來(lái)的某一天
one day過(guò)去，將來(lái)的某一天
I hope to visit Paris_________________我希望有一天能到巴黎游覽。
I came across Tom in the street____________.一天，我在街上碰巧遇見(jiàn)了湯姆。