The First Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn and master the following words:

Inspiration, perspiration, undertake, analysis, obvious, within, quote

2.Talk about science and scientists.

3.Listen to the description of some scientists.

4.Do some speaking, describing people and debating.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Train the students’ listening ability by listening practice.

2.Train the students’ speaking ability by talking about science and scientists, describing people and debating.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to improve the students’ listening ability.

2.How to help students finish the task of speaking.

Teaching Methods:

1.Warming up to arouse the students’ interest in science.

2.Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through the listening material.

3.Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids:

1.a multimedia

2.a tape recorder

3.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Warming up

T: There are many outstanding scientists in the world, who made great contributions to society and science. What great scientists do you know? And what are they famous for?

S: Maria Curie is famous for her discoveries of radium and polonium and Zhang Heng is famous for his seismograph.

S: Thomas Alva Edison is famous for the invention of the light bulb.

(Bb) Scientists Contributions

Charles Darwin The Theory of Evolution

Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity

…

T: Well done. I think you are all interested in science and scientists. What do you think makes a successful scientist? Have a discussion in pairs or groups of four. Then report the results of your discussion.

S: I think it is the way he uses his tools that makes a successful scientist.

S: I think a successful scientist must have much imagination and intelligence and he must be creative and hard-working.

S: I think a successful scientist must be confident, curious and careful. But what I like to know is what made him/her interested in science.

T: Now look at the photos on the screen. And tell me who they are.

S: They are Einstein, Madame Curie and Edison.

T: Good. They are all very famous in the world. You must have read some quotes from them. For example, never leave that until tomorrow, which is from Benjamin Franklin. Now look at the quotes on the screen. Whom do you think these quotes from and do you know what they mean?

S：I think it is from Edison. It means that if we make great efforts to do sth, we’ll succeed. And no matter how clever he is, a person will fail if he doesn’t try his best. In Chinese, it means 天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的靈感。

T: Do you agree with it?

S: Yes.

S: It is from Einstein. It means if you want to succeed, it’s more important for you to have imagination than knowledge. In Chinese, it means 想象力比知識更重要。

S: It is from Madame Curie. It means there are only things to be understood in the world, while there is nothing to be feared. In Chinese, it means 生活中沒有什么可怕的東西，只有需要理解的東西。

T: Do you know any other quotes about science and thinking?

S: Wisdom is only found in truth. -- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

S: Knowledge is power. –Francis Bacon.

Step II Listening

T: OK. Now lets do some listening practice on P2. We are going to listen to the descriptions of some famous scientists. Read the requirements by yourselves quickly. Listen to the tape for the first time to get a general idea, and then try to finish the exx.

Step III Speaking

T: Now let’s look at the speaking part on P2. Work in groups of five. Each group member represents a branch of science, eg biology, maths, chemistry, physics, computer science. You are going to debate each other to see which branch of science is the most important and useful for society. First you should decide who will represent each branch and then prepare your role card to debate. You can use the expressions.

S: I think biology is the most important because it is essential to protecting the ecological balance and environment. People can’t live without living things. And it goes hand in hand with our life. If there is no science of biology, there would not be medicine.

S: Well, maybe, but I think that chemistry is the most important. Because it is the key to the progress of the human being. Besides, it is chemical reaction that produces many new things.

S: It’s hard to say. There are many physical products. And physics is widely used in many fields, such as medicine, Industry and agriculture. There would be no life without physics.

S: That’s true. But maths is the basic science. You can’t learn physics or chemistry well without a good knowledge of maths. It is a tool in science and engineering.

S: Well, there is no doubt that maths is an important. In my opinion, computer science is the most important in our modern information society. The computer is now an indispensable tool in many fields. It can settle all kinds of problems at a high speed and can help people work easily.

Step IV Homework

Preview the reading material.

Step V The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Unit 1 Making a difference

The First Period

Scientists Contributions

Madame Curie Radium/Polonium

Zhang Heng Seimograph

Darwin The Theory of Evolution

Edison The light bulb

Einstein The Theory of Relativity

…

Some words describing scientists:

creative, hard-working, curious, careful, confident…

The Second Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn and master the useful words and phrases.

2.Train the students’ reading ability.

3.Let the students learn from Stephen Hawking.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Master the following phrases and sentence pattern:

work on, go by, be engaged to, go on with sth, dream of, turn out

There is no point (in) doing sth.

2.Enable the students to understand the text better.

3.Improve the students’ reading ability.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to make the students understand the reading text better.

2.How to make the students understand the following sentence.

There didn’t seem much point in working on the PhD.

Teaching Methods:

1.Scanning the text to get some information about Hawking.

2.Careful reading to answer some detailed questions.

3.Discussion after reading the passage to make the students learn how to use the scientific method to solve the problem.

4.Individural, pair or group work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids:

1.a computer

2.a tape recorder

3.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Lead-in and Pre-reading

T: Yesterday we learnt some quotes from some scientists. Look at the picture in our books. Do you know who the person is?

S: He is Stephen Hawking.

T: Yes. Very good. He is one of the greatest physicists of our time. Do you know what book he published in 1988?

S: Yes. A Brief History of Time, which is very popular.

T: OK. I think maybe you know sth about Hawking. Do you want to know sth more about him?

S: Yes.

T: OK. Today we are going to learn a passage about Stephen Hawking. It will tell us Hawking’s determination, thoughts and some theories. First let’s learn some new words and phrases. Then turn to P3. Look at the questions in Pre-reading quickly and then scan the text as quickly as possible and find the answers to them.

T: Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD?

S: Because he wanted a job.

T: Right. When did Hawking become famous?

S: Hawking became famous in the early 1970s, when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holes.

T: Good. When did Hawking visit Beijing?

S: In 2002, Hawking visited China and spoke to university students in Hangzhou and Beijing.

Step II Reading

T: Well done. Now read the passage once as carefully as possible. Then answer some detailed questions on the screen. You may discuss them in pairs if necessary.

T: What did Stephen Hawking do when he was told that he had an incurable disease?

S: Instead of giving up, Hawking went on with his research, got his PhD and married a girl. He continued his exploration of the universe and traveled around the world to give lectures.

T: How would most people feel when they were told that they had incurable disease?

S: They would probably feel very sad and give up their dreams and hopes for the future.

T: What did Hawking write in 1988?

S: He wrote A Brief History of Time in 1988.

T: What did Hawking explain in the book ?

S: In the book, Hawking explains both what it means to be a scientist and how science works. He tells readers about how discoveries are made and how they change the world.

T: According to Hawking, how do people misunderstand science?

S: According to Hawking, people often think that science is a number of “true” facts and never changes.

T: What are the basic steps of the scientific method?

S: First, scientists observe what they are interested in. To explain what they have seen, they build a theory about how things happen and the causes and effects. Finally, the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events.

T: What is it that Hawking doesn’t like about his speech computer?

S: Hawking doesn’t like his speech computer giving him an American accent.

T: OK. Now you have understood the detailed information. Please pick out the phrases or the sentences that you don’t understand. First have a discussion with your partner and exchange your different points. Then I’ll explain some language points to you.

Useful expressions:

work on +n./pron. /doing, go by: pass, be/get engaged (to sb.): be bound by a promise to marry, go on with sth: continue with sth, dream of: imagine, turn out: prove(to be),

Sentence pattern:

There is no point (in) doing sth.=There is no good reason for doing sth.

Step III Listening and Consolidation

T: Now I’ll play the tape. You can follow it in a low voice. Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation. Then do exx in Post-reading.

Step IV Homework

T: Learn the words and phrases by heart and try to use them freely and correctly. Read the text fluently and recite some important sentences. What’s more, preview Word study and Grammar.

Step V The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Unit 1 Making a difference

The Second Period

Useful expressions:

work on +n./pron. /doing,

go by: pass,

be/get engaged (to sb.): be bound by a promise to marry,

go on with sth: continue with sth,

dream of: imagine,

turn out: prove(to be),

Sentence pattern:

There is no point (in) doing sth.=There is no good reason for doing sth.

The Third Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn and master the phrase: use up

2.Review the words learnt in the last two periods.

3.Learn how to explain the words in English.

4.Learn and master the usages of the Infinitive.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Master the phrase: use up

2.Master the usages of the Infinitive.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to help the students learn to explain words in English.

2.How to help the students master the usages of the Infinitive.

Teaching Methods:

1.Review method to help the students remember what they have learnt beore.

2.Explanation and inductive methods to make the students master the usages of the Infinitive.

3.Individual work or pair work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids:

1.a projector and some slides.

2.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Revision

T: What did you learn from Hawking?

S: We should have a strong will whatever we do. We should have an indomitable spirit when we want to achieve great success. As long as we have this spirit, we can do it successfully no matter what we want to.

Step II Word Study

T: Now let’s have a dictation of some words.

T: OK. Now let’s do an ex to see how to explain some words in English, according to the meanings of the sentences. Please turn to P5. Let’s do the ex in Word Study. Choose the closest meaning to the underlined word in each sentence. First we’ll learn a new phrase: use up. Do it by yourself and you can discuss in pairs.

Step III Grammar

Bb:1. He hoped to visit China again .

2. It took a lot of time to finish the report .

3. Please give the boy sth to play with .

4. He went home to see his sick mother .

5. Her wish is to become a pop singer .

T: Tell me the function of the underlined part in each sentence.

S: No.1 is used as the object.

S: No.2 is used as the subject. It is more usual to use formal subject “it” and the infinitive phrase is usually placed at the end of the sentence, that is “it is…to do sth.”.

S: No.3 is used as the attribute.

S: No.4 is used as the adverbial for purpose.

S: No.5 is used as the predicative.

T: Now let’s do an ex on the screen. Group the infinitives according to how they are used.

1.Some things need (1) to be believed (2) to be seen .

2.The doctor told him that he may not have more than twelve months (3) to live .

3.(4) In order to get married ,I needed a job, and (5) in order to get a job , I needed a PhD.

4.Readers were pleased and surprised (6) to find that a scientist could write about his work in a way that ordinary people could understand .

5.He traveled around the world (7) to give lectures .

6.What does it mean (8) to be a scientist?

7.People who listen to Hawking’s lectures sometimes find it difficult (9) to understand him .

8.(10) To explain what they have seen , they build a theory about how things happen and the causes and effects.

S: Subject:(8)

Attribute(2)(3)

Object(1)(9)

Adverbial(4)(5)(6)(7)(10)

Step IV Practice

T: Now let’s do some exercises on P6, Ex2 and Ex3.Rewrite the sentences with “to be done” or “to have been done”.

He wanted the nurses to take care of the patient.

-He wanted the patient to be taken care of.

Because “the patient” is the logical object of “take care of”, the passive infinitive should be used in the second sentence.

The car was reported to have been stolen.

But when the action expressed by the Infinitive happens before the predicate, the perfect infinitive should be used.

Step V Consolidation

T: Now look at the pictures. Who can tell me what Hawking’s dream is from the picture?

S: He wants to get married.

T: Right. Do you know how Hawking made his dream come true according to the passage we learnt in the second period?

S: Hawking said, “In order to get a job, I need a PhD.”

T: Very good. Now let’s look at another picture. And tell me what the girl’s dream is and how she makes it realized.

S: Her dream is to get a doctor’s degree, she needs to go to university, she needs to study hard now.

T: Very good. Now please tell your partner what your dream is and how to realize it. You can use “in order to” to express it.

Step VI Homework

T: Finish all the exx in Grammar. Preview the content in Integrating skills.

Step VII The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Unit 1 Making a difference

The Third Period

Phrase: use up

Grammar: the Infinitive

1. He hoped to visit China again .

2. It took a lot of time to finish the report .

3. Please give the boy sth to play with .

4. He went home to see his sick mother .

5. Her wish is to become a pop singer.

6. He wanted the nurses to take care of the patient.

7. He wanted the patient to be taken care of.

The Fourth Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Revise the language points and grammar-the Infinitive.

2.Learn and master the following phrases:

take a look at, what if, the other way around

3.Do some reading and writing practice to improve the students’ integrating skills.

4.Learn how to write a descriptive paragraph.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Improve the students’ integrating skills.

2.Help the students write a descriptive paragraph.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to help the students understand the passage better.

2.How to help the students learn to write a descriptive paragraph.

Teaching Methods:

1.Doing exx to revise what we’ve learnt before.

2.Asking-and-answering activity to go through the reading material.

3.Discussion to help the students understand the passage better.

4.Individual, pair or group work to make every student work.

Teaching Aids:

1.a projector

2.a tape recorder

3.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Revision

T: We know that the infinitive can be used as the subject, object, adverbial and so on. Now let’s do some exx to see if you have mastered them well enough. Look at the screen.

1.(1)To learn about the universe , you need (2)to have a telescope (3)to observe the stars with .

2.It takes time (4)to know a man .

3.Please remember (5)to bring me a book.

4.I’ve got a lot of work (6)to do .

5.(7)In order to catch the first bus ,she got up early.

6.It is important for us (8)to learn English .

Subject:(4)(8)

Object:(2)(5)

Attribute:(3)(6)

Adverbial:(1)(7)

T: Let’s do another ex. Fill in the blanks, using the Infinitive.

1.The goal of Stephen Hawking’s research is to and to is his biggest dream.

2.The doctor thought he only had three more years to , which turned out .

3.We took a taxi to .We hurried there, only to . We were unhappy to .

4.He studied hard to .

5.Lunch is ready. Let’s stop to .

T: Now let’s revise the useful expressions. Do an ex to see whether you have mastered them well.

1.He one day becoming a famous violinist.

2.Tom Ann.

3.Two weeks slowly .

4.His suggestion to be a good one.

5.He his ink.

6.If we don’t finish painting the room today, we can it tomorrow.

7.He a novel.

Step II Reading

T: There were many scientists in the world in the past, whose discoveries and inventions can help us understand the world better. Can you say out the names of some scientists and their discoveries?

S: Yes. Einstein – the Theory of Relativity; Madame Curie – Radium, Polonium…

T: Do you know why and how they made these important discoveries or inventions? The passage tells us what makes the scientists made their discoveries. Turn to P7. Read the passage quickly and then answer some questions on the screen.

1.What’s the characteristic of Galileo Galilei?

2.Why could Stephen Hawking make contributions to science work?

3.What can be described as the ability to use knowledge?

4.What’s the most important thing if we want to make a difference?

5.How can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference?

T: I’ll explain some expressions and sentence structures.

1. take a look at

2. what if

3. the other way round

4. …it was only later that the world recognized his greatness.

5. …only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.

Step III Listening and Discussion

T: Listen to the tape twice. Then discuss the questions in pairs or groups.

1. Of all the characteristics mentioned in the passage, which do you think is the most important? Why?

2. What do great scientists like Stephen Hawking , Galileo Galilei and Zhang Heng have in common? Find out more about them and how they work and think: What is the scientific spirit? How do scientists solve problems? How do scientists make a difference? What can we learn from great scientists?

Use the questions below to get started.

What is the scientific spirit?

How do scientists solve problems?

How do scientists make a difference?

What can we learn from great scientists?

S: Being creative, I think, is the most important. Because scientists can make new discoveries by using their imagination all the time.

S: I think being curious is the most important. Only when someone is curious about sth can be come up with new idea.

Step IV Writing

T: Who is your favourite scientists? Write a paragraph. Before writing, think about what you want to write and what the readers need to know. How can you best describe him or her? What is the most important or interesting fact about the scientist? Why do you like him or her? List an outline of the passage. Then write some useful sentences to help them.

Step V Homework

Go over all the important points learnt in this unit and finish your writing.

Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Bb

Unit 1 Making a difference

The Fourth Period

A good scientists must be curious and careful .

Great scientists use their creativity and imagination to come up with new ideas.

Scientists must also be intelligent and patient .

The experiment proved that her theory was correct.

Other scientists were surprised by her discovery and called it a success .

She used a model to solve the problem .