倒裝語序分為“全部倒裝”和“部分倒裝”。在全部倒裝的句子中，整個(gè)謂語都放在主語的前面；在部分倒裝的句子中，只是謂語中的一部分（如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be等）放在主語前面，其余部分仍放在主語后面。

一、由there, here 或now 等引起，謂語為come（或go）的句子，例如：

There comes the bus! There goes the bell! Here comes Mary! Now comes your turn.

注：如果主語為人稱代詞，仍用自然語序，例如： There he comes! Here she comes!

二、由then 引起，謂語為come（或 follow）的句子，

Then came a new difficulty.

Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.

三、由here（或there）引導(dǎo)，謂語為be的句子

Here is China’s largest tropical forest. Here are some picture-books.

注：如果主語為人稱代詞，仍用自然語序， Here you are. / Here we are. / Here it is

四、由so引起的，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人（或物）的句子，如：

Society has changed and so have the people in it. He plays the violin quite well. So does my sister.

如果一個(gè)句子只是重復(fù)前面一句話的意思，盡管so用開頭，語序也不要倒裝

--It was cold yesterday.–-So it was!

五、由neither或nor引起的，表示前面所說 的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人（或物）的句子，

-- I won’t do such a thing. –-Neither / Nor will I.

-- I haven’t done my homework. –- Neither / Nor have I.

If you don’t go, neither will I. I didn’t read the notice, nor did he.

六、在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，如有助動(dòng)詞had, should或were時(shí)，可以省略if，進(jìn)行倒裝，

Had I come five minutes earlier, I would have met the famous scientist. (If I had come five minutes …)

Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.

Were I ten years younger, I would with you. Should you change your mind, let us know.

七、out, in, up, down, away等副詞放在主語前,主謂倒裝

Up flew the red balloon. Out rushed a policeman from among the crowd.

注：如果主語是一個(gè)人稱代詞，謂語仍放在后面，如： Away they went./ Down it flew. / Up it went.當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，把表語提到前面來, 用“形容詞（或副詞、名詞+ as +主語+謂語”這種形式

Child as he is, he knows a lot. Tired as he was, he continued to work.

Hard as I work, I can’t catch up with you. Much as we like the place, we can’t stay here.

九、當(dāng)always, often, many a time等詞放在句首時(shí)，后面常用倒裝語序，如：

Always did he come to help us.

Often did we warn them not to do so.

Many a time did he go swimming in the river.

注：上述所說的詞不放在句首，不用倒裝語序。

十、only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時(shí)，其后面的主語部分要進(jìn)行倒裝，如：

Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there.

Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

Only once did his father discuss his future with him.

Only yesterday did I realize what was going on.

Only after he came back was I able to see him.

注：only修飾主語，仍用自然語序，如：Only socialism can save China. 十一、含有否定意義副詞、連詞或短語構(gòu)成的狀語放在句首時(shí)，常用倒裝語序

not, never, hardly, seldom, little, rarely scarcely, not until, not only…but also…,

neither…nor… no sooner…than…, hardly…when …, scarcely…when

Never shall I forget the day.

Not until I began to work did I realize Ihad wasted much time.

Not only did he read the book, but also he remembered what he had read.

No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill.

Hardly / Scarcely had he arrived when he fell ill.

注：上面所說的詞和詞組如果不在句首，句子不必用倒裝語序。另外，not only…but also連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí), 不用倒裝，如：Not only the students, but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.

十二、當(dāng)so（或such）…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such用于句首時(shí)，要采取倒裝語序，如：

So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.

So hard does he study that he is the best in the class.

Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.

Such was his strength that he could bend iron bars.

注：such和be連用作表語時(shí)，也常用倒裝語序，

Such was the result. Such were her words. Such was the story he told.

十三、在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中也常用倒裝語序：

In front of them stood a great castle. On the bed lay a sick old man.

Under the tree sat an old man. Seated on the ground are some young men.

Lying on the floor was a boy.

典型例題：

1. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.　

A. didn't I realize　 B. did I realize　　C. I didn't realize　 D. I realize

2. - Do you know Tom bought a new car? - I don't know, _______.

A. nor don't I care　 B. nor do I care　　C. I don't care neither　 D. I don't care also

典型例題　　

1.- Why can't I smoke here? - At no time _______ in the meeting-room.

A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted　 D. does smoking permit

2. Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.

A. man did know　 B. man know　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know

典型例題

No sooner _______ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began　B. has the game begun C. did the game begin　 D. had the game begun

注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

Not only you but also I am fond of music.