知識梳理
Ⅰ.網絡構建
詞匯 單詞 hero scene *career role award prize choice degree speed *studio
*creature *adult peace industry owe accept *primary determine
*comment interrupt apology apologize fault introduce forgive *culture manners impression *behave roll dessert custom course raise advice spirit mix extra stare
詞組 take off go wrong owe sth.to sb. in all stay away lock sb.up run after bring sb.back on the air think highly of be afraid to do sth. can’t help doing together with leave out stare at make jokes about sb. mean to do mean doing start with ask for
語法 定語從句
Ⅱ.重點精講
●重點單詞
1.choose v.
choice n.&adj.
例句集錦
We have to choose a new manager from a shortlist of five candidates.
我們得從最終入選名單上的五位候選人中選出一位新經理。
This site has been chosen for the new school.
這塊場地已被選作新學校的校址。
I chose to go to the cinema alone.
我決定一個人去看電影。
Employees can retire at 55 if they choose.
如果雇員愿意的話，可在55歲退休。
There is a wide range of choice open to you.
你有很大的選擇余地。
She is the obvious choice for the job.
她是項工作最合適的人選。
They bought a choice piece of property near the water.
他們在水邊買了一塊極好的地皮。
用法歸納
*choose v.主要義項為：（1）挑選，選擇（2）決定，寧愿，情愿
*choice n 選擇；入選者；精選品
*choice adj.極好的；精選的
相關歸納
（1）cannot choose but to do 除做……外別無他法；只得
He cannot choose but to obey.
=He has no choice but to obey.
他只得服從。
（2）by choice 出于自己的選擇
I wouldn’t go there by choice.
讓我選擇，我不會去那里。
（3）of choice（for sb./sth.）（用于名詞后）精選的；特選的
It’s the software of choice for business use.
這是商務專用軟件。
2.speed
例句集錦
v.
The car sped along the road towards the village.
汽車沿公路朝那村子疾駛而去。
At the news he sped home from abroad.
聽到這消息，他立即從海外趕回來了。
We will be late unless we speed up.
我們要不加快些，就遲到了。
n.
The car was gathering speed.
汽車逐漸加速。
He reduced speed and turned sharp left.
他減慢速度，向左急轉。
She was overtaken by the speed of events.
事態發展迅速為她所始料不及。
用法歸納
*speed可以用作動詞或名詞。作動詞時，主要義項有：（1）快速前進或移動；（2）快速運送。常見短語：speed up（加速；加快進度）。
作名詞時，主要義項有：速度；速率；進度。
特別提示
speed前的介詞with或at的選用
（1）表示抽象、模糊的速度時，往往用with。如： with speed,with all speed,with great speed
（2）表示極端或具體的速度時，往往用at。如：at full speed,at high speed,at top speed,at low speed,at ordinary speed,at a speed of...
補充例句
She hit the ball back with great speed.
她快速將球打了回去。
They were marching on with all speed.
他們正全速行進。
The airplane flew at a speed of 500 miles an hour.
飛機以每小時500英里的速度飛行。
The train was traveling at an ordinary speed.
火車在以普通的速度行駛。
3.determine
例句集錦
He determined to leave as soon as possible.
=He determined that he would leave as soon as possible.
他決定盡早離開。
An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.
已展開調查以確定事故原因。
We set out to determine exactly what happened that night.
我們著手查明那天晚上發生的事情。
A date for the meeting has yet to be determined.
會議日期尚待確定。
We are determined to fulfill the task.
我們決心完成這項任務。
He was determined that no one should know anything about it.
他下決心不讓任何人知道這件事。
用法歸納
*determine v. 查明；測定；決定；決心；確定；安排
常見結構：be determined to do/that-clause 有決心；下定決心
4.marry
例句集錦
They married young.
他們很年輕時就結了婚。
He never married.
他終身未娶。
She married a man with a lot of money.
她同一個有錢人結了婚。
They got married a year ago.
他們一年前結的婚。
They have been married for ten years.
他們已結婚十年了。
The old man married his daughter to an engineer.
這個老人把他的女兒嫁給了一名工程師。
His daughter was/got married to an engineer.
他的女兒與一名工程師結了婚。
用法歸納
*marry的常見結構有：
be married（to）與……結婚；嫁給……用于表示結婚的狀態。
get married（to）與……結婚；嫁給……用于表示結婚的動作。
marry sb.to sb.把……嫁給……
特別提示
（1）marry是及物動詞，表示“與……結婚”，無須再用with或其他介詞。
（2）marry是非延續性動詞，不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用；get married也不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
（3）be married可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
錯誤：She married with/to a man with a lot of money.
正確：She married a man with a lot of money.
錯誤：They have married for ten years.
正確：They have been married for ten years.
錯誤：They have got married for ten years.
正確：They got married ten years ago.
5.afford v.
例句集錦
None of them could afford $50 for a ticket.
他們中沒有哪一個能拿得出50美元買一張票。
She felt she couldn’t afford any more time off work.
她覺得再也抽不出時間歇班了。
She never took a taxi,even though she could afford to.
盡管她坐得起出租汽車，但她從沒坐過。
We can’t afford to buy that expensive car.
我們買不起那輛價格昂貴的汽車。
The programme affords young people the chance to gain work experience.
這項計劃給年輕人提供了獲得工作經驗的機會。
用法歸納
*afford主要義項有：（有時間）做；能做；負擔得起（……的費用）；經得起……；提供；給予
特別提示
afford通常與can,could,be able to等連用，尤其用于否定句或疑問句。
6.introduce vt.
Introduction n.
例句集錦
Will you introduce your friend to me?
請你向我介紹一下你的朋友好嗎？
Will you introduce yourself?
請你作一下自我介紹好嗎?
We’ve already been introduced.
我們已經認識了。
The next programme will be introduced by Mary David.
下一個節目由瑪麗戴維主持。
The company is introducing a new range of products this year.
公司今年將推出一系列新產品。
By way of introduction,let me give you the background to the story.
作為引言，我先來介紹一下故事的背景。
用法歸納
*introduce的主要義項有：介紹；引見；主持（節目）；推行；傳入。
*introduction的主要義項有：介紹；引見；引進；推行；序言；引言。
7.advise v
advice [U] n.
例句集錦
He often advises the manager.
他經常向經理提建議。
I’d advise buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
要是想在8月份去旅行，我建議提前購票。
Police are advising fans without tickets to stay away.
警察在告誡沒有票的球迷離開。
Can you advise me what to do next?
你能建議我下一步怎么辦嗎？
They advised that a passport be carried with you at all times.
他們建議護照要隨身攜帶。
I advised him that he（should）stop smoking.
（=I advised him to stop smoking.）
我建議他戒煙。
It is strongly advised that you take out some form of medical insurance.
竭誠勸你辦理某種醫療保險。
He advised me against accepting the job.
他建議我不要接受這份工作。
You should follow your doctor’s advice.
你應該遵從醫囑。
Let me give you a piece of advice.
讓我給你一個忠告。
I did it on his advice.
我這是照他的囑咐辦的。
用法歸納
*advise（v.）主要義項有：忠告；勸告；建議。
主要搭配形式為：（1）+名/代詞；（2）+動名詞；（3）+疑問詞+不定式；（4）+名/代詞+不定式；（5）+that-從句；（6）+名/代詞+wh-從句
*advice（n.）作“建議；勸告；忠告；意見”解時，是不可數名詞，其后的介詞多用on，也可以用about。a/several piece（s）of advice 一/幾條建議
特別提示
（1）advise后接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞多用“（should）+動詞原形”。
（2）advise可以跟動名詞作賓語，不可直接跟不定式作賓語，但可以跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語。
（3）advise可以用不定式作賓語補足語。
8.else adj.
例句集錦
Is there anything else you want to say?
你還有什么要說的嗎？
Where else did you go besides Beijing?
除了北京你還去過哪兒？
I’ll have to borrow someone else’s car.
我不得不借別人的車。
Who else’s advice do you want to take?
你想聽誰的勸告？
Get dressed quickly,or else you’ll miss the first bus.
快穿好衣服，否則的話你會錯過第一班車。
用法歸納
*else（adj.）意為“其他的”，不作前置定語，只能用在疑問詞或不定代詞之后；else的所有格是else’s。or else“否則的話，要不然……”。
●重點短語
1.owe sth.to sb./sth.或 owe sb.sth.歸功于；歸因于；起源于
例句集錦
He owes his success to hard work.
他的成功是靠勤奮工作。
The play owes much to French tragedy.
這部戲頗受法國悲劇的影響。
I owe everything to him.
我的一切都歸功于他。
2.on（the）air 正在播送（電視、廣播）
例句集錦
The Prime Minister will be on the air at 9:00 p.m.
首相將于晚9點作廣播演說。
We will be back on air tomorrow morning at 7.
明天早上7點本節目重新開播。
相關歸納
（1）off the air 停止播送
Why has that station gone off the air?
那個電臺為什么停止廣播了？
The programme was taken off the air over the summer.
這個節目在夏季里停播。
（2） in the air 不定的；未定的；（指意見等）傳播的；散布的；（軍）無掩蔽的；無掩護的
My plan are still in the air.
我的計劃還很渺茫。
There is romance in the air.
有種浪漫氣氛。
Their left flank was left in the air.
他們的左翼無掩護。
（3）by air 乘飛機
Will they come by air or by train?
他們是乘飛機還是乘火車來？
3.think highly（well,a lot,the world...）of 對……評價很高
例句集錦
We think highly of their research in this field.
我們對他們這方面的研究評價很高。
We all think well of your suggestion.
我們都認為你的建議很好。
He thinks the world of his daughter.
他非常器重女兒。
相關歸納
not think much of .../think poorly（little,badly ...）of 對……評價不高
I don’t think much of her idea.
我認為她的主意不怎么樣。
You thought very badly of him at first,didn’t you?
你開始對他印象不好，對嗎？
4.stare at sb./sth.盯著看；凝視；注視
例句集錦
I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.
我茫然地看著眼前這張紙。
He sat staring into space.
=He sat looking at nothing.
他坐在那兒凝視前方。
相關歸納
（1）glare at 怒目而視
He didn’t shout,he just glared at me silently.
他沒有喊叫，只是默默地怒視著我。
（2）be staring sb.in the face 明擺著；顯而易見；必定發生
The answer was staring us in the face.
答案明擺在我們面前。
Defeat was staring them in the face.
他們必遭失敗。
（3）be staring sth.in the face 不可避免
They were staring defeat in the face.
對他們來說，失敗不可避免。
5.be busy with sth.忙于某事（表狀態）
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事（強調動作）
keep busy doing sth.忙于做某事
例句集錦
I’m busy writing a novel.
我在忙著寫小說。
She is busy with the housework all day long.
她整天忙于做家務。
We kept busy preparing for the coming party.
我們在忙著準備晚會。
6.start with 以……開始
例句集錦
His illness started with a slight cough.
他的病是從輕微的咳嗽開始的。
He started with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself.
他本想損害別人，結果卻害了自己。 7.be close to 距離……很近；接近；幾乎
例句集錦
Their school is close to a church.
他們的學校離教堂很近。
She is close to tears.
她快要哭了。
He was close to fifty.
他接近五十了。
8.mean to do sth.有意圖或打算干某事
mean doing sth.意味著干某事
例句集錦
I don’t mean to say we’re perfect.
我并不是說我們是完美的。
I meant to call on you,but I was too busy.
我是想來看你的，可是我太忙了。
I won’t wait if it means delaying more than a week or so.
如果它意味著等一周左右，我就不等了。
●必背句型
1.when等連詞引導的狀語從句中的省略
教材原句
（1）While still a student,she played roles in many plays.
=While she was still a student,she played roles in many plays.
在她還是個學生的時候，她就在許多劇中扮演角色。
（2）When asked about the secret of his success,Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
=When he was asked about the secret ...
當被問到他成功的秘密時，史蒂文斯皮爾伯格說他把他的成功和幸福歸功于他的妻子和孩子。
特別提示
當when,while,until,if,unless等連詞引導的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同或主語為it時，或從句的主謂部分為it和be動詞時，從句的主語及部分謂語（be動詞）可省略。
補充例句
When（he was）asked,he gave good advice.
只要問他，他就會提供好的建議。
If（it is）necessary,we’ll have a meeting.
如果有必要的話，我們就開個會。
He will not go to the party unless（he is）invited.
除非受到邀請，否則他不會去參加晚會。
2.含有until/till結構的句子
教材原句
The village leader,Mr Tian,asks Wei Minzhi to take Mr Gao’s place until he comes back.
田村長讓魏敏芝替高老師代課，直到他回來。
特別提示
until/till引導的結構與肯定句連用時，主句謂語動詞為延續性動詞，其動作延續到until/till所表示時間就停止。
補充例句
When Minzhi has to get off the bus,she walks till she finally reaches the town.
敏芝不得不下了車以后，一直走到城里。
She waits at the gate of the TV station for two days till the boss calls her.
她在電視臺門口等了兩天，直到臺長見她。
（2005年春季北京，35）Simon thought his computer was broken ______ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
A.until B.unless? C.after D.because
答案：A
相關歸納
We didn’t go until he came back.
直到他回來我們才走。
特別提示
until/till引導的結構與否定句連用時，構成not...until/till...結構，主句所表達的動作直到until/till所表示的時間才發生，譯成“直到……才……”。
Not until he came back did we go.
It was not until he came back that we went.
特別提示
強調not...until/till有兩種方式：（1）not until/till放在句首，主句采用部分倒裝語序，謂語動詞用原形；（2）用It’s...that...強調句型。 not需要放在被強調部分，句式為：“It is/was not until...that＋主句部分（用肯定形式）”。
3.keep+復合賓語
教材原句
（1）And she doesn’t know how to keep them quiet in class.
她不知道怎樣才能使學生安靜下來。
（2） She tries to keep the students in the classroom by locking them up in the classroom and running after those who escape.
她將學生鎖在教室里，并去追趕跑的學生，以此來使學生待在教室里。
特別提示
keep 表示“使繼續處于某種狀態”時，可以接復合賓語，其中的賓語補足語可以是：（1）現在分詞；（2）過去分詞；（3）形容詞；（4）介詞短語；（5）副詞。
補充例句
We’d better keep the fire burning.
最好讓爐火繼續著下去。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
對不起讓你久等了。
He couldn’t keep his eyes shut to all this.
他不能對這一切視而不見。
Keep your clothes clean.
衣服要保持干凈。
What have kept you away for so long?
什么事使你離開這么久？
Remember,keep everything in balance.
記住，要保持一切平衡。
The cold kept him in bed for three days.
這次感冒使他三天沒起床。
4.英語中表達“……怎么樣？”的結構
教材原句
How about you?你怎么樣？
特別提示
How/What about...?常用來征求對方的意見或向對方提出建議。about后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。動名詞可以有邏輯主語。
補充例句
-What about having a drink?
喝一杯怎么樣？
-Just a little,please.
好吧，喝一點。
How about Ruth?Have you heard from her?
魯思怎么樣？你有她的消息嗎？
I’m having fish.What about you?
我吃魚，你呢？
What about a break?
休息一下如何？
相關歸納
（1）-How do you like the book?
你認為這本書怎么樣？
-It is well worth reading.
很值得讀。
特別提示
How do/does...like?用來詢問對某事的感覺，即喜歡還是不喜歡。
（2）What is the weather like today?
今天天氣怎么樣？
特別提示
What is...like?用來詢問人或事物的特征，即人的外貌或品德，以及天氣狀況。
（3）How is your father,Xiao Wang?
小王，你父親的身體怎么樣了？
特別提示
當How is/are...?的主語是人時，用來詢問身體健康狀況。
5.would like結構
教材原句
If it isn’t too cold for you,I would like to invite you to come and visit me in the north of China over the next holiday in January.
如果對你來說不太冷的話，我想邀請你在一月份的下一個假期里來華北看看。
特別提示
would like to do sth.表示主語“想要做某事”。
相關歸納
（1）I’d like Tom to go to fetch some newspapers for me.Would you like him to do something for you?
我想讓湯姆去給我取報紙，你想讓他做點什么嗎？
特別提示
would like sb. to do sth.表示主語“想要別人做某事”。
（2）-Would you like to see a film with us this evening?
今天晚上和我們一塊去看電影吧？
-Yes,I’d like to./Sorry,but I’m busy.
可以。（對不起，我太忙了。）
特別提示
請求對方做某事時，常用：Would you like to do...? 其答語為：Yes,I’d like to./Yes,I’d love to./Yes,I’ll be happy to./Sorry,but I’m busy.
（3）-Would you like a cup of tea?
喝杯茶嗎？
-Yes,please./No,thanks.
可以。（不了，謝謝。）
特別提示
請對方吃或喝點什么時，常用Would you like some...?或Would you like a/another...?對方的答語常是：Yes,please./Just a little,please./No,thanks.I’ve had enough./I’m full,thank you.
疑難突破
1.reason,cause,excuse
reason指產生某種行為或想法上的推理性理由，與conclusion相對。reason for表示“……的理由”。
cause主要指導致某種結果，客觀存在的原因，它是相對于effect來說的。cause of表示“……的起因”。
excuse 多指為免受指責或推卸責任而找的“理由、借口”。
應用
（1）The ______of the fire was unknown.
（2）What’s the ______ for your hurry?
（3）When he is late,he can always find a（n）______.
（4）The ______ why he was absent today is that his father died.
答案：（1） cause （2）reason （3）excuse （4）reason
2.sick,ill
（1）sick可作表語或定語，作表語時，有時含有“惡心的，要嘔吐的”之意;the sick指一類人，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數;sick可以構成復合詞，如：airsick（暈飛機）;seasick（暈船）;carsick（暈車）;sick還可以構成固定詞組，如：be sick for（渴望的）;be sick of（對……厭倦）。
（2）ill作“生病”講時，只作表語，不作定語;作“壞的，惡心的”講時，只能作定語，不能作表語。
speak ill of sb.說某人的壞話;
Ill luck!=Bad luck!（倒霉�。�
應用
（1）He spends a lot of money on treating his ______ father.
（2）Don’t make friends with a person with a（n）______ name.
（3）The ______ are taken good care of in this hospital.
（4）Don’t speak ______ of him.
（5）She sings badly.When I hear her sing,I feel ______.
（6）The girl is ______ in bed with a cold,and she is ______ for home.
（7）He is always complaining.We are ______ of listening to his complaint.
答案：（1）sick （2）ill （3）sick （4）ill （5）sick （6）ill/sick,sick （7）sick
3.raise,rise
rise（rose,risen）是不及物動詞，主要意思為：升起；上升；上漲；站起身；起床。
raise（raised,raised）是及物動詞，主要意思為：抬起；提高；飼養；養大。
應用
（1）He ______his voice so as to be heard.
（2）She ______and left the room.
（3）She ______four pigs and many chickens.
（4）The sun ______and bathed the earth in its glow.
（5）The river is ______after the rain.So we can’t swim in it.
答案：（1） raised （2） rose （3） raises （4） rose （5） rising
4.spend,cost,take,pay
（1）sb.spend some time/money on sth.或sb.spend some time/money（in）doing sth.
（2）sth.cost sb.some money/time/life/health
（3）It takes sb.some time to do sth.或sb.take some time to do sth.或sth.take sb.some time to do
（4）sb.pay（sb.）some money（for）sth.
應用
（1）It______him three years to write the book.（=He ______three years to write the book.=The book ______him three years to write.=He ______three years writing the book.）
（2）Every year he ______ a lot of money on books/in buying books.
（3）This dictionary ______ me 100 yuan.
（4）Making experiment like that ______much time and labour.
（5）Careless driving may ______ you your life.
（6）They have decided to ______70 000 yuan. for the newly-built house.
（7）We’ll ______you in a few days,when I have money.
答案：（1）took,took,took,spent （2）spends （3）cost （4）costs （5）cost （6）pay （7）pay
5.accept,receive
accept表示主觀意愿，有“接受、同意、認可、滿意”之意。
receive表示客觀上“接到、收到”,與主觀意愿無關。receive還有“受到、得到;接見、接待”之意。
應用
（1）He told the headmaster that he had ______ an invitation to the meeting and asked her whether he could ______ it.
（2）Our suggestions were ______ at the meeting.
（3）I ______ my parents’ letter last Friday.
（4）Where did you ______ your doctor’s degree?
（5）We were warmly ______ at the factory gate.
（6）Did they ______ what you told them?
（7）She applied to join the Party and was ______.
答案：（1）received,accept （2）accepted （3）received （4）receive （5）received （6）accept （7）accepted
6.the one,one,it,that的替代用法
the one,one,it,that 可以用來替代前文出現的名詞，是經常考查的代詞，簡述如下：
（1） the one用來替代同類事物中特指的一個，復數用the ones。
（2）one用來替代上文提到的同類名詞中的一個，表泛指，相當于“a（n）+名詞”。復數用ones。
（3）it指上文提到的同一事物。
（4）that用來替換上文出現的帶定冠詞的名詞。復數用those。
應用
（1）The finger I put into my mouth was not ______I had dipped into the cup.
（2）I need a bike.Lend me______.
（3）I want to use your bike.Could you lend ______to me?
（4）The study of idioms is as important as ______of grammar.
（5）-Do you have a camera?
-No,but Tom has______.He bought ______a week ago.
（6）When you see two spoons,the big ______ is for the soup and the small ______ for the dessert.
（7）The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than ______ besides them.
答案：（1）the one （2）one （3）it （4）that （5）one,it （6）one,one （7）the ones
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全國卷Ⅰ，23）The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A.for which B.at which C.in which D.on which
剖析：“介詞+關系代詞” 引導的定語從句是定語從句中的重點、難點。選擇該結構中的介詞的原則是：（1）根據從句中的謂語動詞的搭配習慣;（2）根據先行詞的搭配習慣;（3）表“所有”關系或“整體中的一部分”時，用of。本題表示“在劇中表演”，應用介詞in，故選C。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年全國卷Ⅱ，23）There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A.where B.which C.when D.that
剖析：關系副詞where引導定語從句，修飾trousers，并在定語從句中作地點狀語。全句意思為：在她擦手的褲子上留下了污跡。
答案：A
【例3】 （2004年全國卷Ⅲ ，28）The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which
剖析：根據句意，空格處為“其中”之意，表示“所有”關系或“整體中的一部分”時，用of。故選A。
如果將本題改為兩句，定語從句可以改為：The sailing time was 226 days of nine months.
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年江蘇，33）______ is of ten the case,we have worked out the production plan.
A.Which B.When C.What D.As
剖析：從句意看，本題考查定語從句的用法，故首先排除C項。由于when在定語從句中只能作時間狀語，而題干中的定語從句缺主語，因而排除B項；as與which引導非限制性定語從句時，which引導的定語從句只能放在主句之后，而as引導的定語從句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，其中as表示“正如……那樣”。as is often the case為固定詞組，意為“這是常有的事；正如常見的情形”。全句意思為“正如平常一樣，我們已經制訂出了工作計劃”。最佳答案為D。
答案：D
【例5】 （2004年湖北，23）There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.
A.a;that B.a;when C.the;that D.the;when
剖析：本題考查冠詞和定語從句的用法。time作“次數”解時，后接關系代詞that引導的定語從句，即：This/It is the first/second...time that+從句；time作“一段時光（時期）”解時，其前用不定冠詞，其后接關系副詞when引導的定語從句，構成：There was/is a time when...。
答案：B
【例6】 （2004年湖北，25）There are two buildings,______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A.the larger B.the larger of them
C.the larger one that D.the larger of which
剖析：從句意看，后一句為定語從句；逗號表明這是非限制性定語從句，故選D。
答案：D