1. 掌握詞性變化

2. 直接引語和間接引語的相互轉(zhuǎn)化

（一）詞匯

honest adj.

注意h開頭不發(fā)音的單詞，如: hour, heir, honor等,

n. honesty

adv. honestly

brave adj.

n. bravery

loyal adj.

同義詞有faithful adj. faith n.

n. loyalty

wise adj.

n. wisdom

argue v.

詞組 argue with sb. about / over sth.

argue that n. argument

solve v. n. solution

詞組 the solution to sth.

fond adj.

詞組 be fond of

同義詞組 be interested in/be keen on/be into

cast v.

聯(lián)想 broadcast

survive v.

n. survival

deserted adj.

v. desert

hunt for

同義詞組 search for/ look for

share v.

詞組 share sth. with sb.

sorrow n.

adj. sorry

care about

辨析care for與care about

care about譯為關(guān)心；在乎

He doesn’t care much about his money.

care for 譯為喜愛；照顧

Do you care for tea or coffee?

The teacher always cares for us like a mother.

such as

辨析such as與for example

He is interested in many subjects, such as Maths, Physics and Chemistry.

He is interested in many subjects, for example, Maths, Physics and Chemistry.

scared adj.

辨析scared與scary

scared譯為被嚇到的，害怕的，而scary則譯為嚇人的，令人恐怖的。

The little child was scared while seeing the scary scene.

error n.

辨析error，mistake與fault

error是相對于準確而言的錯誤，故障與mistake基本相近，而mistake更強調(diào)人為的可以避免的錯誤，而fault譯為失誤，過失。

The umbrella was taken by others by mistake.

The umbrella was taken by others in error.

Everybody thought it his fault that caused the accident.

（二）本章語法

1. 直接引語和間接引語

直接引語與間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換一般就是引語與賓語從句間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

主要分為三種，一是陳述句。

He said, “You are right.”

He said that I was right.

They told me, “We have seen that.”

They said that they had seen that.

二是一般疑問句。

He asked me, “Are you a teacher?”

He asked me if/whether I was a teacher.

They asked me, “Are you doing your homework?”

They asked me if/whether I was doing my homework.

We asked him, “Have you finished your homework?”

We asked him if/whether he had finished his homework.

三是特殊疑問句。

He asked me, “Where are you from?”

He asked me where I was from.

They asked him, “What are you doing?”

They asked him what he was doing.

We asked him, “What have you done with the flowers?”

We asked him what he had done with the flowers.

注意時態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換，如果主句是過去時，那么從句中的現(xiàn)在時態(tài)就要相應(yīng)地變?yōu)檫^去時態(tài)，

一般現(xiàn)在時轉(zhuǎn)為一般過去時，現(xiàn)在進行時轉(zhuǎn)為過去進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時轉(zhuǎn)為過去完成時，

一般將來時轉(zhuǎn)為過去將來時，一般過去時一般不變，但特別強調(diào)動作先后時，要改為過去完成時，過去完成時不變。

注意一些時間狀語的轉(zhuǎn)化，today轉(zhuǎn)為that day，yesterday轉(zhuǎn)為the day before，the day before yesterday/two days ago轉(zhuǎn)為two days before，this week轉(zhuǎn)為that week，tomorrow轉(zhuǎn)為the next day，the day after tomorrow/ in two days轉(zhuǎn)為two days later等

【典型例題】

[例1] A famous singer will ______ performances ______ raise money for charity.

A. put on, so that B. go on, in order that

C. put on, so as to D. have on, in order to

（答案為C，put on sth. 有上演，上映的意思，so as to do與in order to do同）

[例2] He is good at making jokes, and he always has others ______ at his jokes.

A. laughed B. to laugh C. laughing D. to be laughed

（答案為C，have sb. do，have sb. doing均為讓某人做某事的意思）

[例3] The computer is out of order, and there is no one he can _____ help.

A. turn for B. turn to for C. ask D. ask about

（答案為B，turn to sb. for help向某人求助）

[例4] This kind of material ______ cold.

A. is feeling B. felt C. is felt D. feels

（答案為D，主系表結(jié)構(gòu)無被動）

[例5] His bike is more expensive than ______.

A. anyone’s B. anyone else C. anyone else’s D. anyone’s else

（答案為C，所屬格加在最后）

[例6] What he said ______ us a lot to think about.

A. kept B. left C. remained D. made

（答案為B，leave有留給的意思，remain是系動詞無賓語）

[例7] Many students have got ______ to this university now.

A. permitted B. admitted C. received D. accepted

（答案為B，be admitted to是錄取的意思，其他詞無此意）

[例8] ______ is a very important quality of a person.

A. honest B. honesty C. brave D. bravely

（答案為B，此處需要名詞）

[例9] We don’t care too much ______ my scores.

A. for B. about C. on D. to

（答案為B，此處為在乎，關(guān)心的意思）

[例10] It’s a mystery why this city ______ thousands of years ago.

A. deserted B. was deserting C. deserts D. got deserted

（答案為D，此處表被動，被遺棄，系表）

[例11] He said he had done it ______.

A. yesterday B. the day before C. two days later D. in two days

（答案為B，此處需要過去的時間狀語）

[例12] He wondered ______.

A. why didn’t he get the first place the day before

B. why did he get the first place yesterday

C. why he didn’t get the first place the week before

D. why he gets the first place a week ago

（答案為C，此處需要陳述語序，且時間狀語要用過去的）

【模擬試題】

一. 直接引語改間接引語。

1. Last Sunday he said to me, “I am going to see you tomorrow.”

2. Yesterday the teacher told the students, “You will hand in your homework.”

3. He said, “I bought the radio 5 days ago.”

4. He said, “I have cleaned the classroom already.”

5. He asked Tom, “Have you finished your homework? ”

6. She asked them, “Have you been abroad? ”

7. They asked me, “Where have you been? ”

8. She asked me, “Please give me your address.”

9. She asked me, “Would you like tea or coffee? ”

10. They asked me, “Please don’t let your teacher know this.”

二. 用本單元單詞填空。

1. A h______ is a tool that you use to hitting things.

2. Someone who is b______ is willing to do something dangerous.

3. S______ is the feeling of deep sadness and regret.

4. Someone who is s______ pleasantly neat and clean in appearance.

5. If you a______ with somebody about something, you say things which show you don’t agree with them about it.

6. A m______ is a piece of glass where you can see yourself.

7. Someone who is h_______ is true to their friends and their countries.

【試題答案】

一. 1. Last Sunday he said to me that he was going to see me the next day/one day later.

2. Yesterday the teacher told the students that they would hand in their homework.

3. He said that he bought the radio 5 days before.

4. He said he had cleaned the classroom already.

5. He asked Tom if/whether he had finished his homework.

6. She asked them if/whether they had ben abroad.

7. They asked me where I had been.

8. She asked me to give her my address.

9. She asked me if/whether I would like tea or coffee.

10. They asked me not to let my teacher know that.

二. 1. hammer 2. brave 3. Sorrow 4. Smart 5. argue

6. mirror 7. honest