一、單元考點提示

1.重點單詞

simply majority

throughout possibility

convenient skill

vote possession

meanwhile announcement

absence determine

rude

2.重點短語

make an effort out of work

go off share one’s view

in common get in touch with

on one’s own turn up

be up to by accident

for oneself or rather

3.重點句型

It’s not likely that…

What do you think is likely to happen?

There is need of/for sth.

Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee.

By this time they were a little anxious.

You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.

4.語法

學習名詞性從句作同位語的用法。

復習13～17單元中的語法內容。

二、考點精析與拓展

1.talk of; talk about; talk on

這組詞均可以表示“談”，但程度不同。talk of 只表示“涉及”；talk about 表示談細節；talk on兼有議論。如：

Talking of Shanghai, have you been there in summer?談到上海，你夏天在那兒待過嗎？

What are you talking about?你們在談論什么呢？

They are talking on the book.他們在談論這本書。

2.throughout; all over; all through

本組詞都有“遍及、貫穿”的意思，但所接名詞不同。throughout后接表示時間和地點等名詞。如：

He worked throughout the night and the next day.他工作了整整一夜和第二天一天。

The disease spread throughout the country.這種病蔓延全國。

all over一般接表示地點的名詞。如：

Just before he was killed, he sent a message to his comrades all over the country.在他被殺害之前，他把信送給了全國各地的同志們。

all through 一般接表示時間的名詞。如；

The light was burning all through the night.燈徹夜亮著。

3.voice; sound; noise

這三個詞均指“聲音”

voice是可數名詞，指人發出的聲音。如：

I didn’t recognize John’s voice on the telephone.在電話里我沒聽出約翰的聲音。

We could hear the children’s voices in the garden.我們能聽見花園里孩子們的聲音。

sound詞意最廣泛，它包括各種性質的聲響，不論大聲還是小聲，音樂或噪音，有意義的還是無意義的聲音均可，多作可數名詞。如：

A joyful sound came from the distance. 遠處傳來歡快的聲音。

The door was open, and the sound came from the kitchen.門開著，聲音是從廚房傳來的。

noise泛指一切在的、雜亂的或令人討厭的雜聲和吵鬧聲，既指單一的刺耳、尖銳、磨擦的聲響，也可指混合在一起不協調的聲響，不論是由人或物所發出的，可以是可數的，也可以是不可數的。如：

Loud noise can make people ill.大的噪音能使人生病。

Don’t make such a loud noise.別弄出這么大的聲響。

4.store; save; keep

三個詞都有“存”的含義。

store是及物動詞，“儲藏、儲存”的意思，一般強調在一個空間范圍內的保管和收藏。如：

We had to store all this while we were away. 我們不在家時，得把所有的一切都收藏起來。如：

After harvest we store the grain.收割后我們把糧食存起來。

save既可以是及物動詞也可以是不及物動詞，可指貨幣的儲蓄。如：

He was out of work, he had saved no money before.他失業了，以前也沒有攢下錢。

They are saving for a house.他們正在存錢買房。

keep也有“保存”的意思，與store比較，它并不強調特定的地點和場所，是由“保留”的意思引申而來的。如：

I have kept the old letters all the time.我一直把這些舊信保存了下來。

Will you keep the papers for me?你能為我保存這些論文嗎？

5. instead of

instead of是短語介詞，意思是“代替、而不”，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞，有時接動詞原形、不定式、形容詞等。如：

I’ll take that book instead of this one.我要那本書不要這一本。

Instead of putting it off till the next day, he started working right away. 他立即開始工作，不把它拖到明天。

You should give him advice instead of money. 你應給他忠告而不是金錢。

A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hating him.一句鼓勵的話當可時可能使我尊敬他而不是恨他。

Things are now better instead of worse.目前情況是好轉而不是惡化。

We made the trip by train instead of by car.我們是乘火車旅行的，不是乘汽車。

6.determine v.

（1）決心、決定，其后可接動詞不定式、從句或on引導的短語。如：

We determined to get the work done before October 1.我們決定在“十一”之前完成這項工作。

Have you determined where you’re going to spend the summer vocaion?你決定在哪兒過暑假了嗎？

They determined on an early start.他們決定早動身。

He has determined on going home next week.他決定下周回家。

（2）使……決意，后接不定式或介詞短語作賓補。如：

What determined you to accept the invitation?什么原因使你接受這個請帖？

The situation determined him against further delay.形勢使他決定不再拖延。

（3）be determined(to do sth.)下定決心；有決心，后接不定式或從句。如：

He was determined to study English well.他下決心把英語學好。

We were determined that we should never allow such things to happen again.我們決定絕不允許這類事情再次發生。

（注意從句運動用should + 動詞原形）]

7.be up to

to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。這一短語有以下幾個常用意思：

（1）從事于、忙于，有時含有“密謀干壞事”之意。如：

What is he up to now?他現在在干什么？

He is up to no good.他沒干好事。

（2）由……負責，常用It作主語。如：

It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not.是去還是不去由你決定。

It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應盡力幫助他們。

（3）勝任、適于。如：

He is not up to his work.他不勝任他的工作。

（4）直到、以至。如：

up to now 直到現在

Between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m.，the hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160km/h.從午夜時分到清晨6點之間，颶風橫掃英格蘭的東南角，風速高達每小時160公里。

8. area; district

（1）area表示“地區、區域”，是普通用詞，暗示一個較大的，可能是沒有清楚界限的地區，不能用來指行政上的地理單位。如：

The old man lives in a mountain area.這位老人生活在山東。

This is a less developed area.這是個欠發達地區。

Most of the large land areas are connected.多數大塊陸地是相連的。

（2）district表示“區、地區、區域”，指為行政管理或選舉之目的所分的區。在同一城市，各種性質不同的區域也叫district。如：

Where is the District of Columbia?哥倫比亞特區在什么地方？

The old man used to work in the jin-Cha-Ji Military District.那位老人曾經在晉察冀軍區工作。

The northeast part of the city is the residential district.這城市的東北部是住宅區。

9. lay the table, lay breakfast

兩個動詞短語均可作“擺好桌子”解，但各自的確切含意不同：lay the table單純指“擺桌子（準備吃飯）”，可用于早、中、晚三餐的任何一餐的場合，如：

I only laid the table.我只是擺好了餐桌（準備吃飯）。而“lay breakfast”則很明確地表示“擺桌子（吃早餐）”。如：

I have laid lunch.我已經擺好午餐的桌子了。

He has laid supper.他已把晚餐的桌子擺好了。

10.get in touch with sb.; keep in touch with sb.

這兩個相似動詞短語的區別是：前者是表示動作性的，作“和（與）某人進行接觸”解，如：

Finally Hank and his friend gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States.最后，漢克和他的朋友互換了地址，并且保證回美國后和對方聯系。

而后者表示狀態，作“和（與）某人保持著聯系”解。如：

Some students keep in touch with me all the time.一些學生一直和我保持著聯系。

11. in common, in general, in particular,in short

（1）in common(with)與……有共同處、（和……）一樣。如：

They have nothing in common with one another.他們相互毫無共同之處。

（2）in general 大體上、通常、一般說來。如：

In general boys like sports more than girls.一般說來，男孩比女孩更喜歡運動。

（3）in particular= particularly特別、尤其。如：

I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were very big.我特別注意到他的眼晴，因為那雙眼晴很大。

（4）in short簡單地說，總之。如：

The man, in short,is not to be trusted.總之，那個人是不何信任的。

12.too…to結構

一般情況下“too… to ”表示否定意義“太……而不……”。如：

His brother is too young to go to school.他弟弟太小還不能上學。

The sentence is too difficult for me to translate.這個句子太難我譯不了。

但在以下情況，“too…to ”并不表示否定意義。

（1）當too之后跟的是表示主語的態度、情感、心情或傾向的詞時（常見的這類詞有glad, eager, anxious, happy, ready, nervous, pleased等）。如：

We were too eager to know the result of the exam.我們急于想了解考試結果。

She was too ready to speak.她太多嘴多舌。

He was too anxious to leave.她急于離開。

Sometimes we are too easy to overlook our own faults.有時我們很容易忽略自己的錯誤。

（2）如果把以上結構中的不定式重復一次，則前一個表示肯定意義而后一個表示否定意義。如：

Such a man is too ready to blame others to blame himself.這種人最愛責人而不責己。

（3）如果在“too...to”結構中含有not或never等否定詞時，則表示肯定。如：One is never too old to learn.活到老，學到老。

English isn’t too diffcult to learn.英語并非難得學不會。（或：英語并不難學。）

The girl is too careful not to make any mistakes.這女生很細心不會出錯。

Mary is too clever not to believe him.瑪麗很聰明不會相信他的。

（4）在too前有only, just, simply, all, but等詞時，不定式也表示肯定。如：

The foreign visitors are only too glad to have an opportunity to visit the Great Wall .這些外賓非常希望有參觀長城的機會。

The boy is only（just/but）too happy to help other students.這位男生特別喜歡幫助別人。

He knows but too well to hold his tongue.他深知少說為佳。

三、精典名題導解

題1 （NMET 2000春）

Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does_____

his boss.

A.serves B.satisfies C.promises D.supports

分析：B。句意為“因他感覺到他做的沒有什么能使老板滿意”，只有B合句意。

題2 （上海 2002）

To regain their_______after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass.

A.forc B.energy C.power D.health

分析：B。此題考查四個選項的詞意辨析。force“權力”，health“健康”，只有B項energy有“精力”的意思。

題3 It’s two years since he________ the League.

A.joined B.joined in C.attended D.took part in

分析：A。join以加（組織、團體），join sb.與某人一起（干），join in參加（活動）；attend出席；take part in參加（活動）。這里有league,所以選擇A。

題4 The stranger said something in a ________ voice and the little girl was very much _________.

A.frightening; frightened B.frightened; frightening

C.frightening; frightening D.frightened; frightened

分析：A。現在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，frightening表示使人恐懼的，frightened表示受到恐懼的。所以答案為A。

題5 （上海 2000春）

The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four fifths of the tickets ________.

A.was booked B.had been booked

C.were booked D.have been booked

分析：B。分數作主語時謂語動詞與of后的名詞一致，又因book的動作在was happy之前故應用過去完成時。

題6 （NMET 2001）

The film brought the hours back to me________ I was taken good care of him that faraway village.

A.until B.that C.when D.where

分析：C。該題考查引導定語從句的關聯詞的用法。先行詞hours表示的是時間。限制性定語從句可用來修飾一個表示時間的詞，如果關聯詞在定語從句中作狀語，通常用關系副詞when;如果在定語從句中作主語或賓語，通常用關系代詞that或which。此空應填關系副詞when,在定詞從句中作狀語，故答案選C。

題7 He came to an island,__________ he lived for many years.

A.that B.which C.there D.where

分析：D。先確認這是含有定語從句的復合句，逗號之后部分 為非限定性定語從句，從句中不缺少主語、賓語，判斷它缺少狀語，由于先行詞是表示地點的，所以選擇D。

題8 I’m interested in __________ happened yesterday.

A.all B.all that C.all what D.that

分析：B。此題考查名詞性從句或定語從句，由于從句中缺少主語，所以用what或all that,因此選B.