二、不定冠詞的主要用法
1． 表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量概念，比one意思稍弱
e.g.: The plan will be ready in a week or two.
2． 表示某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明哪個(gè), 相當(dāng)于any
e.g.: This poem was written by a student.
注：在1,2兩項(xiàng)中，如果名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，把a(bǔ)換成數(shù)詞或不定代詞some, any等即可。
e.g.: The plan will be ready in three weeks.
3． 表示某一類人或事物
e.g.: Even a child can answer this question.
注：句中名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，去掉不定冠詞a/an即可。
4． 和表示時(shí)間或度量衡的名詞連用表示“每日”、“每斤”等
e.g.: I take a two-mile walk twice a day.
5． 用于固定詞組
e.g.: have/take a shower have/take a bath
take a walk give a lecture
a lot of a couple of
as a rule have a headache
a few a little a bit
6. 不定冠詞用于有形容詞修飾的季節(jié), 日期前面
The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.
7. 用于序數(shù)詞前面, 表示
三、定冠詞的主要用法
1． 特指某人、某物，以區(qū)別于其他人、物
e.g.: This is the head of our delegation.
2． 用于談話雙方都明確的人、物前
e.g.: Take the medicine after meals.
3． 用于上文提到過(guò)的人、物前
e.g.: There is a new book on the desk. Give me the book.
4． 用于世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前
e.g.: the (sun, moon, earth, sky, world, globe, equator（赤道）, universe（宇宙）, atmosphere)
5． 用于序數(shù)詞前
e.g.: the first one, the second one, etc.
6． 用于形容詞最高級(jí)前
e.g.: Autumn is the best season here.
7． 用于表示方位（東、西、南、北、中、左、右）的名詞前
e.g.: Tianjin is in the east of China.
但 from east to west 之類的結(jié)構(gòu)除外
8． 用于某些江、河、湖、海、山川、海灣、沙漠前
e.g.: the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Baltic (Sea)(波羅的海)，
the Himalayas(喜馬拉雅山), the Taiwan Straits, the Sahara（撒哈拉沙漠）
9． 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前，如國(guó)家、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、某些報(bào)紙名
e.g.: the People’s Republic of China, the United Nations, the Times, the People’s Daily
10．用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示一家人，e.g.: the Browns 布朗一家
11．用于形容詞前，表示一類人，e.g.: the old, the poor
12．用于演奏的樂(lè)器、文娛藝術(shù)活動(dòng)等名稱前
e.g.: play (the piano, the violin, the flute, the cello),
go to (the cinema,, the theatre, the movies, the concert)
13．用于逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代
e.g.: in the 1990s (二十世紀(jì)九十年代)
14．用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前
e.g.: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
15．用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示某一類人或事物
e.g.: The horse is a useful animal.
16．當(dāng)用來(lái)指人體部位時(shí)，在介詞之后通常用the 來(lái)代替物主代詞
e.g.: I had a cold in the head.(頭部受了風(fēng))
He became very red in the face.
He was wounded in the leg.
He took (lead, seize, catch) me by the arm (hair…).
beat sb. on the nose/head,
be blind in the left (right) eye
be deaf in the left (right) ear
17．用于某些固定詞組
e.g.: in the morning (afternoon, evening, daytime)
at the moment
on the phone
the whole day
by the way
in the end
on the other hand
on the whole (大體上) 對(duì)應(yīng)的 as a whole (就整個(gè)來(lái)看)
in the city 對(duì)應(yīng)的 in town
at the back of(in back of) 對(duì)應(yīng)的 in front of (在…前面)
在…后面
in the distance (在遠(yuǎn)處) 對(duì)應(yīng)的 at a distance of +數(shù)詞
（在多遠(yuǎn)處）
四、不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合
1． 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞表示一類或泛指時(shí)
e.g.: Teachers must love their students.
Unity is strength.
2． 專有名詞（洲、國(guó)家、人名）前，一般不用冠詞
e.g.: Asia, Japan, Jim
3． 球類、棋類等體育運(yùn)動(dòng)以及三餐前
e.g.: play (volleyball, table tennis, chess, cards)
have (breakfast, lunch, dinner)
注：如特指某一餐，需加不定冠詞a/an
e.g.: They had a wonderful dinner at that hotel last night.
4． 學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言、（醫(yī)學(xué)中）大部分疾病名、某些報(bào)刊名前
e.g.: chemistry, English, High blood pressure, China Daily
5． 季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日前，一般不加冠詞，但有限定性定語(yǔ)修飾
或表示一特定的時(shí)間時(shí)，就要加定冠詞
e.g.: School begins in September.
We have few classes on Saturday.
但：She came to Tianjin in the spring of 1998.
Where do you plan to spend the summer?
6． 大多數(shù)學(xué)校、街道、公園、廣場(chǎng)、橋梁、車站、機(jī)場(chǎng)等名稱前
e.g.: Tian An Men Square, Nanjing Road, Tianjin Railway Station
7． 在描述交通方式時(shí)
e.g.: by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot, etc.
I go to school by bike every day.
但take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus 等表示具體的交通工具時(shí)要用冠詞
8． 系動(dòng)詞turn（變成）后面作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞
e.g.: The young worker has turned writer.
=The young worker has become a writer.
9． 稱呼語(yǔ)或指家里雇用的nurse, cook 等名詞前及表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不加冠詞
e.g.: What’s this, mother?
Ask nurse to put the child to bed.
Lincoln was made president of the United States again.
10．As引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，作表語(yǔ)的名詞前不用冠詞
e.g.: Child as she is, she knows a lot of English.
11．⑴ 在單數(shù)名詞+after +同一單數(shù)名詞（表示“一個(gè)接一個(gè)”）結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞
e.g.: She did experiment after experiment.
shop after shop, mistake after mistake, etc.
⑵ 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞用and 連接時(shí)，如帶有對(duì)比的含義或習(xí)慣上
總在一起使用，常省去冠詞
e.g.: husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night,
body and soul, knife and fork
12．當(dāng)兩個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)并列修飾同一名詞時(shí)，第二個(gè)形容詞前常不用the
e.g.: She is the tallest and fattest girl in our class.
13．No 與such 連用時(shí)，no 應(yīng)放在such 之前，such 后的名詞前不用冠詞
e.g.: No such thing has ever happened in this village.
14．church, school, hospital, prison, university 等單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞指機(jī)構(gòu)（institution）時(shí)，其前常不用冠詞；如果不指機(jī)構(gòu)而指一座具體建筑（building），其前又常用冠詞。
e.g.: They go to church every Sunday morning.（上教堂）
The church was pulled down for a new and bigger one.
She stayed in hospital for three weeks after the accident.(住院)
He walked into the hospital through a side entrance.
注：用法類似的詞還有：bed, class, table, town 等。
e.g.: The family were at table when he arrived.（在吃飯）
Why not remove the table? It’s in the way.
You’re not going to town with him, are you?（進(jìn)城）
The town used to be rather small. Now it extends miles and miles.
15．有時(shí)在新聞標(biāo)題、工商業(yè)文件、廣告、電報(bào)、公告、提綱、書名中，為了節(jié)省空間、時(shí)間、金錢和精力，或?yàn)榱艘鹱⒁猓∪ス谠~
e.g.: Conference opens.
考點(diǎn)：
在考試中，冠詞部分的題常見的有以下類型：
1． 各種應(yīng)該使用冠詞的情況
e.g.: They went to _____ Smiths’ and stayed there for half an hour.
A. the B. a C. an D. / (2002津春季高考) (答案A）
2． 各種不應(yīng)該使用冠詞的情況
e.g.: On _____ Christmas Day people like to send Christmas cards to each other.
A. the B. a C. one D./ (2001津春季高考) (答案D)
3． 冠詞的固定用法
e.g.: All of _____ sudden the child rushed out from _____ the door.
A. the, behind B. a, behind C. /, behind D. the, /
(2002津春季高考) (答案B)
4． 不定冠詞a/an 用法的區(qū)別
e.g.: Is his girl friend _____ European or _____ American? (2000津春季高考)
A. a, / B. an, an C. an, / D. a, an （答案D）
課后習(xí)題難點(diǎn)講解：
P39. 強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練-A 鞏固練習(xí)
Ⅰ--第9小題
Mike was elected __/__ captain of the team.
---分析---：按照我們上面“不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合”講的，在表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前不用冠詞，所以captain前什么也不填。（書上答案錯(cuò)誤）
Ⅰ--第15小題
The play, Hamlet, attracted a large audience.
---分析---：首先，第一個(gè)空特指Hamlet這部劇，無(wú)疑應(yīng)該填定冠詞the。這里主要是audience前的第二個(gè)空，audience 本身是一個(gè)集體名詞，可數(shù)。分析這樣的詞時(shí)，我們要看它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體還是整體中的每一個(gè)個(gè)體，如：
My family is a large one. (把family 看作了一個(gè)整體)
My family were listening to the tape. (強(qiáng)調(diào)的是family中的每一個(gè)成員)
本題中audience 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一大群觀眾”這樣一個(gè)整體概念，所以應(yīng)該填a。
Ⅰ--第22小題
give up + ving : give up 后直接跟動(dòng)名詞表示放棄做某事。
Exercises:
1. Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped ____ “m” here.
A. an B. the C. / D. a
2. That evening ___ Greens sat before a bright fire and had ___ nice supper.
A. the, a B. /, / C. /, a D. the, /
3. _____ elephant is useful to human beings.
A. The B. This C. That D. A
4. The man was in _____ hurry to catch _____ train.
A. a, / B. a, the C. the, / D. /, the
5. _____ thief is a danger to _____.
A. The, society B. The, a society C. A, society D. A, the society
6. In _____ time of _____ danger, one’s mind works fast.
A. the, the B. a, a C. /, / D. the, /
7. We should take good care of _____.
A. young and old B. the young and old
C. the young and the old D. young and the old
8. ---Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.
---Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere
A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a
9. Mr. Zhang began to learn ___ English language at ___ age of fifty.
A. /, the B. the, the C. /, / D the, /
10. Your can have _____ second try if you fail _____ first time.
A. the, / B. /, a C. the, a D. a, the
Answers: AAABC CCDBD