Module 4 The natural elements Unit 1 Electricity today
［教學過程］
重點詞匯
appliance efficiently electrical flash
fright neater lightening link
mainly microwave operate plug
pylon refrigerator steam storm
vacuum wire
be known as...
be known as作為……而出名
He is known as a fair judge.他作為一名公正的法官而出名。
同義詞：be famous as
辨析：be known for意思是“因……而出名”，相當于be famous for。
He was known for his frankness.他因坦誠而出名。
be known to意思是“……所熟知的”。
As is known to all, the earth is round.
正如大家所熟知的那樣，地球是圓的。
yet用法
在現在完成時的句子中，already常用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句和疑問句，但yet還有其他用法。
1. 用于否定句中，意思是“還、尚、迄今、到那時”。例如：
He is not yet here. 他還未到。
At three o’clock they had not yet decided whether to play basketball or not.
三點鐘時他們尚未決定是否去打籃球。
2. 用于疑問句中，意思是“已經”。例如：
Is everything ready yet ? 一切都準備好了嗎？
3. 與比較級連用，意思是“更”。例如：
You must work yet harder. 你還需更努力地工作。
4. 與once , again , another 連用，意思是“再”。例如：
He has made yet another mistake.
他又犯了一個錯誤。
5. 用于肯定句中，意思是“仍然、還得”。例如：
She is yet a child. 她還是個孩子。
6. 用作并列連詞時，意思是“然而、可是”。例如：
He studied hard yet he failed.
他學習努力，可是考試仍未及格
still：yet 辨析
1a. 一般說來，這兩個副詞幾乎可以通用，只是兩者在句中的詞序稍有不同
比較：I’ve still a few more pages to read. 我尚有幾頁書要讀。
I’ve a few more pages to read yet. 我尚有幾頁書要讀。
We have exported a lot of goods，but we must export still more.
我們已出口了許多貨物，但仍須再多出口一些。
We have exported a lot of goods，but we must export more yet.
我們已出口了許多貨物，但仍須再多出口一些。
1b. 兩者的情態色彩和語氣強弱不一樣。試舉例來說明。
比較：Is Teddy still here？丹迪仍在這里嗎？（仿佛說，他曾在這里，但不知他走了沒有，所以這一句等于“Hasn't he left？”的意思。）
Is Teddy here yet？丹迪還沒有來嗎？（仿佛說，我希望他來，但不知他來了沒有，所以這一句等于“Has he arrived？” 的意思。）
Is Jane still not here？珍妮還沒有到嗎？（不愉快的心情較強）
Isn’t Jane here yet？珍妮還沒有到嗎？（不愉快的心情較弱）
take與bring都有“帶”，“拿”的意思。take與bring實際上是一對反義動詞。take的意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，指把某人或某物從說話人所在地帶往別處。例如：
Take him to hospital at once, please.
請馬上帶他去醫院。
bring指“帶來”，“拿來”，指把某人或某物從別處帶到說話人身邊來。例如：
Eddie brings me some books.
埃迪給我帶來了幾本書。
bring to 帶來好東西 bring on 帶來壞東西
Work brings happiness to us.
Laziness brings misfortunes on us.
bring與take在動作方向上的區別相當于come 與go。請體會這個句子：Take this coat away and bring me mine. 把這件外衣拿走，把我的外衣拿來。
also，too
這兩個詞都是副詞，又都表示“也是”的意思，但在修辭意味和使用場合上有所不同。它們的區別如下：
（一）一般說來，also用于比較正式（formal）的場合，語氣比too莊重； too是慣熟（familiar）的用語，使用范圍較廣。
（二）also在句中的位置要緊靠動詞； too在句中的位置比較靈活，有時插入句中，前后用逗號分開，有時放在句末。
（三）too只能用在肯定句中，不可用于否定句內。either只能用于否定句；also即可以用在肯定句中，又可以用在否定句中。
下面請看例句：
Reading books is learning，but practice is also learning。
讀書是學習，實踐也是學習。
We have not heard such a thing. Also，we have never seen such a scene.
我們沒有聽見過這種事情，我們也從來沒有見過這種場面。
請注意，一般說來，also在句中的位置應緊靠動詞，但有時為了強調其意，也可以將它放在句首或句末。
Mary, too, can play the piano.
瑪麗也會彈鋼琴。
Could you speak Japanese？-Yes，and Spanish too.
您會說日語嗎？--會的，還會說西班牙語哩。
also雖然和too同義，但前者大都用于書面語，后者大都用于口語。例：
The lady washed the children and also gave them dinner. （書面語）
The lady washed the children and gave them dinner too. （口語）
在口語中，too還可以用 as well代替。
as well as，as well
這一對短語僅差一字之微，意義相近，故很易引起混淆。
作為習語用作介詞時，as well as的涵義是“還有”、“不但…而且…”。值得注意的是，在A as well as B的結構里，語意的重點在 A，不在 B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English. ”的譯文應該是：“他不但會說英語，而且會講西班牙語”，決不能譯作：“他不但會說西班牙語，而且會講英語”。如果這樣翻譯，就是本末倒置了。as well as和 not only… but also…同義，但前者的語意重點和后者的語意重點恰好顛倒。
如果 as well as用作連詞引出比較從句，其義為“和…一樣好”。因此，“He speaks Spanish as well as English. ”應譯作：“他說西班牙語像說英語一樣好”。語意的重點依舊在前部，不在后半部。
make…from make…of make…into make up
They make wine from grapes.
This big box is made of wood.
They make milk into butter and cheese.
A car is made up of many different parts.
show
show sb. sth. show sth. to sb.
Show me what you have in your bag.
He showed me his pictures.
1. 一般現在時(the Simple Present Tense)
1) 敘述公認的事實和真理，沒有時間性，任何時候都是如此。如：
The earth is round.
Wealth doesn't always bring happiness to us.
2) 敘述現階段平日習慣或日常的行為活動。在這種句子里常有表示習慣性的副詞、副詞短語或從句。有：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, seldom, every day, once a year, on Sundays等，或從句when…,as soon as…等，如：
Do you go to school on Sundays?
How often does he go to the cinema?
As soon as he arrives, I'll tell him the truth.
3) 敘述現在的事實和情況：
I think he is an honest man.
He wants to be a doctor.
4) 在以if, even if, unless, provided that等引出的條件狀語從句里。如：
If it rains tomorrow , I’m going to stay at home.
I won’t go there unless he invites me .
但是，當if, when引導賓語從句時，表示將來時間須用將來時。如：
I don’t know he will come.
I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
5) 代替現在時行時：在“Here comes…”、“There goes …”的倒裝結構中，用一般現在代替進行時。如：
Look , here comes the teacher!
Listen! There goes the bell!
【模擬試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）
一. 選擇
1. -I forgot to ______ you about today’s homework.
-That’s OK. I heard about it from someone else.
A. say B. tell C. talk D. speak
2. -Your present looks nice. Is it ______ silk?
-Yes. It’s_______ Hangzhou.
A. made for, made by B. made for, made in
C. made of, made by D. made of, made in
3. -Can I join your club ,Dad?
-You can when you______ a bit older.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
4. -Is David at school today?
-No. He is at home _____ he has a bad cold.
A. because B. if C. though D. until
5. -Did you ever go there?
-I ______ go there myself.
A. use B. used to C. am used to D. was used to
6. He was known_____ his honesty.
A. as B. for C. to D. on
7. Life is made_______ of both sweetness and sorrow.
A. from B. of C. into D. up
8. Please______ some water to me.
A. bring B. take C. carry D. fetch
9. _____ else is coming?
A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where
10. When I was still a kid, father told me the earth _______ round the sun.
A. turn B. turned C. turns D. is turned
二. 完型填空
Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life (生活).
1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other
2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese
3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice
4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects
5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased
6. A. for B. of C. to D. from
7. A. in B. with C. at D. of
8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read
9. A. go B. work C. like D. come
10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful
三. 閱讀理解
A Golden Watch
Mr Mike was a young man. He was not very rich. One day he went into a watch shop to buy a nice-looking watch for his girl friend, Rose. He fixed his eyes on a nice golden watch, and decided to buy it. The shop assistant took the watch out, and asked for three hundred pounds for it. Just then, a boy of about fifteen suddenly rushed over and grasped the watch from the assistant's hand. The assistant hurried out to catch the boy. But it was too late, the boy had disappeared among the street very quickly.
On the way home, Mike met the boy, who would sell him the gold watch for only one hundred pounds. “The boy didn't know that I saw him stealing the watch from the shop. And he asked for much less money than that in the shop.” Mike thought to himself. So he paid the boy and took the watch home.
The next day, Mike gave the golden watch to Rose, and told her all about the watch. Rose looked at the watch for a while, then, laughed loudly, “You are really a fool!" she said, "This watch isn't worth 100 pounds at all. The assistant and the boy must have planned the whole thing together!”
1. The shop assistant said the price of the watch was ____.
A. 100 pounds B. 200 pounds
C. 300 pounds D. less than 100 pounds
2. The shop assistant must have known ____ very well.
A. Mike B. the boy C. Rose D. nobody
3. The boy would sell Mike the watch for ____.
A. 200 pounds B. 300 pounds
C. as much money as that in the shop D. much less money than that in the shop
4. In fact, the watch was worth ____.
A. 100 pounds B. 300 pounds
C. just a little money D. much more money
5. In this story, who really lost something?
A. The shop assistant B. Mike
C. The boy D. Rose
【試題答案】
一. 1~5 B D A A B 6~10 C D A A C
二. 1~10 D A A D B A A D B D
三. 1~5 C B D C B