Unit 2 Crossing Limits
Period 1 Words and Expressions
1.evaluate---evaluation 估價(jià)；評價(jià)
The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to evaluate its success. (這個研究項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了不過三個月,所以要對它的成績作出評價(jià)為時尚早。)
2.various adj.各種各樣的---vary v. ---variety
There are various colors to choose from.
various people
vary vt.& vi
The weather varies from day to day. 天氣一天天變
variety變化； 多樣性 種種；各類
a variety of =a kind of / different kinds of
varieties of
3. in the name of
in the name of the law以法律的名義，借法律的權(quán)威。
He attended the wedding in the name of the bride’s friend.
4.key
vt. 調(diào)節(jié)...的音調(diào), 鎖上, 插上栓, 提供線索
n.[樂]鍵, 調(diào), 基調(diào)鑰匙, 關(guān)鍵, 解答, (打字機(jī)等的)鍵,
adj 重要的 a key school
Self-confidence is the key factor in any successful career. 自信是任何成功之道的關(guān)鍵因素。
5.origin original起源；開端 出身；血統(tǒng)；來歷
the Origin of species 物種起源
“We cannot escape our origins, however hard we try”
（無論如何努力，我們也改變不了我們的出身）
6.equip ---equipment -pp- 裝備；配備
equip sb. / sth. with sth. 用……裝備
equip sb. for … 使某人有能力勝任……
sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有準(zhǔn)備作某事
He equipped himself for a long journey. （整裝）
Proper education will equip one for a job.（為…裝備）
They can't afford to equip their laboratories properly because of lack of funds（資金）.
7.puzzle n.難題；難解之事
It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.
謎；測驗(yàn)智力的玩具（或問題）
a crossword puzzle
A jigsaw puzzle is a picture which has been cut up into
bits, and you must make the picture again.
拼板玩具是一個被分割成塊的圖，你必須再把這圖拼起來。
puzzle vt., vi.---puzzling --- puzzled
---puzzler(使人困惑的人或事物)
This letter puzzles me.
I'm puzzled (about) what to do next.
（常與over連用）苦想，使苦思
The old general was puzzling over the old map.
老將軍對著那張舊地圖苦苦思索著。
8.wealthy---wealth（大筆）財(cái)富，財(cái)產(chǎn)
The father passed on the family's wealth to his son.
這位父親把大筆家產(chǎn)傳給兒子。
（與of連用）大量，許多
a wealth of examples許多例子富有的
a wealthy family 富裕的家庭
If we want everyone to be healthy, wealthy and happy, strict birth control is quite essential.
9.Asian---Asia African---Africa
European---Europe American---America
10.exchange n. 交換，互換
in exchange for作為交換
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.
Let's have an exchange of views on the matter.
vt.（常與for, with連用）交換，互換
to exchange words / anger吵架，爭吵
to exchange blows互相斗毆
John exchanged gifts with Mary.
You may exchange the shoes but not return them for a refund. 你可調(diào)換這雙鞋,但不能退貨
He exchanged his blue sweater for a red one.
The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges
between the two countries are daily on the increase.
11.awareness--- aware adj. 知道的；明白的
I was not aware of the fire.
We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms. 我們十分清楚你們對我們提出的條件會有什么反應(yīng)。
He doesn't seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal（請求，要求）.
The principal didn't seem to be aware that there should
have been so much dispute about the decision.
12.existence-exist 存在
the existence of God 上帝的存在
生存；生活 come into existence
I was unaware of his existence until now.
The elephant is the largest land animal in existence.
Contradictions exist everywhere. 矛盾是普遍存在的。
Salt exists mostly in sea water.
生存；活著
So poor they can hardly exist. 他們窮得幾乎無法過活。
One cannot exist without air.
The old lady exists only on rice coffee and bread.
13.accurate adj. 準(zhǔn)確的；精確的---inaccurate---accuracy
an accurate answer
Is this watch accurate?
Accurate, don't you think?
14.navy-blue adj. 深藍(lán)色的
15.command vt., vi. （常與to, that連用）命令；指揮；統(tǒng)率
He commanded silence.
I command you to go.
A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.
博得；贏得(不用被動語態(tài))
to command respect 使人不得不肅然起敬
Great men command our respect. 偉人值得我們尊敬。
掌握；控制；對…有支配權(quán)
to command oneself 控制自己
This island country commands immense natural resources.
俯視；俯臨
The hill commands a fine prospect of the mountain town.
command n. 命令
obey command 服從命令
控制；統(tǒng)率
The army is under the king's command.
司令官 a high command
（空軍）大隊(duì) an air command
運(yùn)用能力；掌握
She has a good command of the French language.
16.royal --- royalty (皇室成員)
王室的；皇家的the royal family
盛大的；極好的 a right royal feast 盛宴
17.volunteer n.志愿者
vt., vi.（常與to連用）自愿去做，主動請求去做
We want some volunteers to help paint the house.
我們想要幾個自愿幫助漆房屋的人。
We all volunteered to paint the house.
我們都自愿漆這房子。
Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. 與此同時,許多大學(xué)生自愿在罷工持續(xù)期間去駕駛公共汽車。
The doctor who had volunteered to settled down in the poor village became the chief fable of the villagers. 這個志愿到這個窮村莊落戶的醫(yī)生成了村民們的中心話題。
18. sum n.
總數(shù)， 總和 The sum of incomes
一筆（金額）
He paid a large sum for the house.
他出一筆巨款買了這所房子。
Father has decided to give his son a huge sum of money for his independence from the family.父親決定給兒子一大筆錢讓他離家自立。
in sum 總之
sum up all the expenses 合計(jì)
To sum up, he agrees with us. 總而言之
19．bring up
照料，教育（小孩）；撫養(yǎng) bring a child up to be polite
提出His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.
嘔吐 she has brought up her dinner again.
to cause to come to a sudden stop. 使…突然停下
bring in 引進(jìn)，介紹，掙錢，收獲
bring on To cause to appear 使出現(xiàn)：導(dǎo)致
brought on the dessert. 端上甜點(diǎn)
bring down 降價(jià)
20．horizon 地平線,（思想等的）范圍，限度 眼界
I could see a ship on the horizon.
我可以看見地平線上有一艘輪船。
21. suggest that/（one’s）doing sth
He suggested a few ideas. 他提了些想法。
He suggested a visit to the Great Wall.
他提議到長城看一看。
He suggested putting off the meeting.
He suggested the meeting (should) be put off.
His pale face suggests poor health.
His pale face suggests he is in poor health.
他蒼白的臉色表明他身體不好。
take(follow) one’s suggestion
Our suggestion is that the meeting (should) be put off.
If I had followed his suggestion that I should reduce my weight, I would not be so fat now.
22. accomplish vt. 完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)
to accomplish a purpose 達(dá)到目的
I accomplished two hours' work before dinner. 我在吃飯前完成了兩小時的工作。
You should accomplish the task within the allotted time.你們必須在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
23. apart from prep.（prep）除…外；除…外還：
Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.
除了幾處刮痕外，汽車沒有什么損壞( = except for)
24. unable（常與to + inf連用）不能的，不會的
He wants to come but he's unable to.
他想來，但他不能來。
The boy is unable to reach the apple. 男孩夠不著蘋果。
25. sacred adj. 神圣的；與神有關(guān)的
Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.
寺廟、清真寺、基督教堂及猶太教堂都是奉獻(xiàn)給神的建筑物。
宗教的，與宗教有關(guān)的 sacred writings 宗教經(jīng)典
The Koran is the sacred book of the Muslims. 可蘭經(jīng)是伊斯蘭教徒的圣書。
（常與to連用）神圣不可侵犯的
He considered it a sacred duty to fulfill his dead father's wishes.他認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)父親的遺愿是神圣的義務(wù)。
嚴(yán)肅的；鄭重的；莊嚴(yán)的 a sacred promise 鄭重的諾言
26. honesty-honest n. 誠實(shí)，正直
Honesty is the best policy.(諺) 誠實(shí)才是上策。
27. dedicate vt. 貢奉；奉獻(xiàn)
dedicate to 獻(xiàn)身于
He dedicated his life to the service of his country.
他獻(xiàn)身于為國服務(wù)
題獻(xiàn)給某人He dedicated his first book to his mother. (他把第一本書獻(xiàn)給他母親。)
dedication n. 獻(xiàn)身；奉獻(xiàn) 題獻(xiàn)詞；獻(xiàn)詞
28. ideal adj. 理想的；完美的
This dictionary is ideal - it's exactly what I needed. 這本詞典很理想，正是我所需要的。
The location of the new house is ideal.
新房子的位置十分理想
空想的；想象中的
ideal plans for making money 賺錢的空想計(jì)劃
29. refer（常與to 連用）
涉及；提到 查資料；參考 針對；有關(guān)
When I said someone was lazy, I wasn’t referring to you.
refer to the dictionary
The new law does not refer to farmland.
新法律與耕地?zé)o關(guān)。
提交；交付
The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers.
商店把投訴轉(zhuǎn)交給制造商。
reference n. （與to連用）提及；涉及
to make references to the heroic deeds 提到英雄事跡
參考；查詢
reference book 參考書，工具書
Keep this dictionary for reference.這本詞典留著查閱用。
證明；鑒定
When I was looking for a job, I asked my head teacher to give me a reference.
當(dāng)我在找工作時，我向我的班主任要一份關(guān)于我情況的證明。
30. sth. run out
sb. run out of sth.
To become used up用完；耗盡：
Our supplies finally ran out. 我們的供給終于耗盡了
To put out by force; compel to leave: 逐出：驅(qū)逐：
We ran him out of town. 我們把他驅(qū)逐出鎮(zhèn)子
期滿：因期滿或疏漏而無效：
an insurance policy that had run out. 已過期的保險(xiǎn)單
31. arise vi. arose, arisen 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生；起來，站起
That question did not arise. 那個問題沒有出現(xiàn)。
I arose early in the morning. 我每天早上起得很早。
32. evidence n. （常與for, of連用）證據(jù)；證詞
Can you show me any evidence for your statement?
你能給我看你供詞的證據(jù)嗎？
in evidence 明顯的，顯而易見的
Mrs Jones was much in evidence at the party. 瓊斯夫人在晚會上很突出。
evidence vt., vi. 證實(shí)，證明
The police have evidenced that the killer was an old woman. "警察有證據(jù)證明,兇手是個老年婦女。"
33. praise
She praised her daughter's hard work.
她贊揚(yáng)女兒的辛勤工作。
praise sb for sth
to speak in praise of a friend 稱贊一位朋友
He gave a speech in praise of the school.
他在講話中稱贊了這所學(xué)校。
Homework
Finish Exx.1-3 on Page 154-156.
2．Preview the first passage.
3．Finish reading A-E in “45套”之21 Period2-3 Passage 1
I. Warming up
① take possession of ② be rich in
③ bring risks; risk doing sth.
④ be equipped with
be armed with ; be furnished with ; be decorated with
II. Leading In
III. Reading
(I) Fast reading
What do you know about the Silk Road?
What could been possible reasons to search for sea routes from China while routes over land were shorter and already existed?
In ancient China, there were some famous explorers, such as Gan Ying and Zheng He. What do you know about them?
(II) Intensive Reading
How did ancient people hear about far-away civilizations, what made them decide to go and look for them? Give two examples.
Which words are used in the text to indicate direction?
Period Name Way of travel Goods
What conclusion about the topic of the text can you draw based on their usage?
(III) Find information in the text about contacts between China and Africa, and write in the chart below the periods when these contacts were made, the names of Chinese explorers, the way by which they traveled, and the goods which they brought home.
IV. Language Points
reaching out across the ocean
reach out
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation for mankind’s greatest endeavour.
Lay the foundation for
Shake the foundation of slavery
To people of early civilizations, the world map was a great puzzle.
puzzle n.難題；難解之事
It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.
謎；測驗(yàn)智力的玩具（或問題）
a crossword puzzle
A jigsaw puzzle is a picture which has been cut up into bits, and you must make the picture again.
拼板玩具是一個被分割成塊的圖，你必須再把這圖拼起來。
Puzzle vt., vi.
This letter puzzles me.
I'm puzzled about what to do next.
（常與over連用）苦想，使苦思
The old general was puzzling over the old map.
老將軍對著那張舊地圖苦苦思索著。
Silk from China found its way over land along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East and Rome, in exchange for spices and glass.
exchange n. 交換，互換
in exchange（常與for連用）作為交換
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.
Let's have an exchange of views on the matter.
vt.（常與 for, with連用）交換，互換
to exchange contracts交換合同
to exchange words口角
to exchange blows斗毆
John exchanged gifts with Mary.
You may exchange the shoes but not return them for a refund.
May I exchange seats with you?
The deputy manager exchanged the company's interest for his personal honour.
This currency exchanges at par.
The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.
In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty.
Make an voyage/a trip/a journey
Make an attempt
The court of the Song Dynasty
The contacts between China and Africa over the centuries led to the awareness of each other’s existence, but…
awareness--- aware adj. 知道的；明白的
I was not aware of the fire.
We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.
He doesn't seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.
The principal didn't seem to be aware that there should have been so much dispute about the decision.
7. In East Africa the coastal tows were reaching the height of their power.
Reach the height of their power
In the east, China prospered under a new dynasty.
Prosper prosperous
Under the command of Zheng He, the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the sea, …
Under the command of…
Under the control of…
In the charge of…
In return, the Ming court sent gold, spices, silk, and various other presents.
If you give me your photo, I’ll give you mine in return.
He didn’t expect anything in return for his help.
Period4 Passage 2
I. Revision
II. Lead In
III. Reading
1. Look at the title and read the first two paragraphs. Then answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by “the third pole” in the text?
(ii)Why does the writer call it the third pole?
(iii)Which other mountains would be the third pole, and who are the pioneers of the third pole?
2. Explain the following phrases and sentences from the text in English.
(i) Going to Mount Qomolangma was like going to the moon.
(ii) the death zone
(iii) They had no idea what they were up against.
(iv) English air
IV. Language points
1.Some suggested it could not be accomplished.
suggest that/(doing) sth
vt. 使想到，聯(lián)想
（常與that連用）提議；提出；建議
I suggested that it would be quicker to travel by train.
我建議說坐火車旅行要快一些。
"'I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you are not telling the truth.'"
"`我提醒你,'檢查官說,`你講的不是實(shí)話。'"
暗示；顯出
"I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 train." "你沒有搭8點(diǎn)鐘的火車,而是搭的8點(diǎn)25分的車。"
"When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr. Thompson shook his head."
"當(dāng)我暗示說,這準(zhǔn)是某些村民進(jìn)來偷喝掉的,湯普森先生搖搖頭。"
accomplish vt. 完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)
to accomplish a purpose 達(dá)到目的
I accomplished two hours' work before dinner. 我在吃飯前完成了兩小時的工作。
You should accomplish the task within the allotted time.
你們必須在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
2.Apart from the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can cause mountain sickness, which can kill.
apart from prep.（介詞）
With the exception of; besides: 除…外；除…外還：
Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.
除了幾處刮痕外，汽車沒有什么損壞
3.Some people can never go above 4,000 metres because their body is unable to adjust to these extreme conditions.
unable adj. （常與to + inf連用）不能的，不會的
He wants to come but he's unable to. 他想來，但他不能來。
The boy is unable to reach the apple. 男孩夠不著蘋果。
4.They had no idea what they were up against.
be up against…面對（困難等）
5.The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing what they referred to as “English air”
. refer vt., vi. （常與to 連用）涉及；提到
Keats is referring to epic poetry when he mentions Homer's 'proud demesne'.
"當(dāng)濟(jì)慈提到荷馬的'驕傲的領(lǐng)域'時,他指的是史詩。"
查資料；參考 針對；有關(guān)
The new law does not refer to farm land新法律與耕地?zé)o關(guān)。
提交；交付
The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers.
商店把投訴轉(zhuǎn)交給制造商。
reference n. （與to連用）提及；涉及
to make references to the heroic deeds 提到英雄事跡
參考；查詢
reference book 參考書，工具書
Keep this dictionary for reference. 這本詞典留著查閱用。
證明；鑒定
When I was looking for a job, I asked my head teacher to give me a reference.
當(dāng)我在找工作時，我向我的班主任要一份關(guān)于我情況的證明。
6.When their oxygen ran out, they had no chance of surviving.
run out
To become used up; be exhausted: 用完；耗盡：
Our supplies finally ran out. 我們的供給終于耗盡了
7.In later years the question arose who was the first to reach the top.
arise vi. arose, arisen 出現(xiàn)； 發(fā)生
That question did not arise. 那個問題沒有出現(xiàn)。
起來；站起
I arose early in the morning. 我每天早上起得很早。
8.On their return, they were praised as national heroes.
praise vt. 贊美；贊揚(yáng)；歌頌；贊頌
She praised her daughter's hard work.
她贊揚(yáng)女兒的辛勤工作。
praise sb for sth
praise n. 稱贊；贊揚(yáng)
to speak in praise of a friend 稱贊一位朋友
He gave a speech in praise of the school. 他在講話中稱贊了這所學(xué)校。
贊美；崇拜 to give praises to God 贊美上帝