一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
1、形容詞、副詞的作用與位置
形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，或放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。而副詞則用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞，其他副詞或者句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。以下屬幾種特殊情況，須牢記；
（1）形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（2）表語(yǔ)形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置。如a man alive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well、faint、ill只作表語(yǔ)。sick既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，ill如作定語(yǔ)意為“bad”。
（3）用作定語(yǔ)，修飾由不定代詞one、no、any、some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything、something等時(shí)，通常后置。如：
I have something important to tell you.
（4）else常用作疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞的后置定語(yǔ)。
（5）enough、nearby修飾名詞前置或后置，程度副詞一般位于形容詞、副詞前面，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，必須后置。
（6）幾個(gè)副詞并列作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
（7）頻度副詞如often、always、usually等在be動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。
（8）副詞作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置。如：
The person there is waiting for you.
（9）幾個(gè)并列的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其語(yǔ)序通常為：限定語(yǔ)（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（大小）+ shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時(shí)間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國(guó)籍、來(lái)源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings
（10）以-ly結(jié)尾的詞性辨析。
①下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表愿意（無(wú)-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副詞：
deep深 wide寬廣 high高 low位置低
deeply深入地 widely廣泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微
③有無(wú)-ly意義大不相同的副詞：
dead完全，絕對(duì)be dead asleep
deadly非常be deadly tired
pretty相當(dāng)be pretty certain that…
prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed
close近Don’t sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、遲arrive late, come late
lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).
2、復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成
（1）形容詞 + 名詞 + ed
kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白發(fā)的
(2)形容詞 + 形容詞
red-hot熾熱的，dark-blue深藍(lán)的
（3）形容詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞
good-looking好看的，easy-going隨和的
（4）副詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞
hard-working勤勞的，fast-moving快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的
（5）副詞 + 過(guò)去分詞
hard-won得來(lái)不易的，newly-made新建的
（6）名詞 + 形容詞
life-long終生的，world-famous世界聞名的
（7）名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞
peace-loving愛(ài)好和平的，fun-loving愛(ài)開(kāi)玩笑的
（8）名詞 + 過(guò)去分詞
snow-covered白雪覆蓋的，hand-made手工的
（9）數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + ed
four-storeyed 4層樓的，three-legged 3條腿的
（10）數(shù)詞 + 名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）
ten-year 10年的,two-man兩人的
3、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)
（1）原級(jí)的構(gòu)成和用法。
構(gòu)成：形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)即本身。
用法：表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí)，用“as + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示雙方不相等時(shí)，用“not so(as) + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí)，用“倍數(shù) + as + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
（2）比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成。
掌握比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則，熟記少數(shù)不符合規(guī)則的特殊形容詞和副詞。
（3）比較級(jí)的用法。
①對(duì)方比較，表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess + 原級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí)，可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修飾。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英語(yǔ)的比較級(jí)前如無(wú)even、still或yet等時(shí)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可用“較”或“…一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí)。用于比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般放在比較級(jí)的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時(shí)，用“the + 比較級(jí)（主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)），the + 比較級(jí)（主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)）”的結(jié)構(gòu)（意為“越……越……”）。如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于……）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.
(4)最高級(jí)的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the + 最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等詞語(yǔ)所修飾。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒(méi)有最高級(jí)，也不能用比較級(jí)。
④形容詞最高級(jí)修飾作表語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)的名詞、代詞時(shí)，被修飾的詞往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作狀語(yǔ)的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。
①形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前可不加冠詞。
②形容詞最高級(jí)前有時(shí)加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“非常”。如：
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示兩者間“較……的一個(gè)”比較級(jí)前加the。如：
who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比較級(jí)…，the + 比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容詞前加the 成為名詞。如the poor、the rich 等。
（6）由as / so組成的形容詞或副詞短語(yǔ)。
① as much as + 不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量 多達(dá)
I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as遠(yuǎn)到；就……而知（論）
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，極其
They are as unreliable as they can be.他們極其不可信。
⑦as … as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)幾組重要的詞語(yǔ)辨析。
①very 和much的區(qū)別。（A）可分等級(jí)的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。(B)表示狀態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情況下，以-ing、-ed結(jié)尾的分詞多用much、very much / greatly等修飾。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）關(guān)于原級(jí)形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結(jié)構(gòu)：（a）修飾絕對(duì)意義的形容詞，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修飾以a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞，多有特殊的修飾詞：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語(yǔ)有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。
②so … that … 與such … that … 的區(qū)別。
so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that …
so + 形容詞 + a（n）+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名詞 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that …
such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that …
such + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + that …
注意：下列結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用so不可用such,當(dāng)名詞前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的詞修飾時(shí)，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但當(dāng)little表示“小”時(shí)用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是錯(cuò)誤的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。
③其他幾組詞的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”；before指以過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某時(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口語(yǔ)，also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:與good不同的是，well作形容詞，只能在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，表示“身體狀況好”，也作副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。(E)quick、fast:作形容詞皆表“快”。fast多指運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體，含持續(xù)的意思。quick多指一次動(dòng)作的敏捷、突然，而且持續(xù)的時(shí)間較短。(F)real、true:形容詞表“真的”。real強(qiáng)調(diào)真實(shí)存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定語(yǔ)；true指與事實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實(shí)際情況相符合，在句中作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困難”，但hard通常指體力上困難；difficult則指智力或技能上的困難，困難程度大于hard。它們都可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
二、精典名題導(dǎo)解
選擇填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET 2001）
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案為D。本題可從考查形容詞的同級(jí)比較點(diǎn)入手。在同級(jí)比較as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容詞作定語(yǔ)且其所修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞時(shí)，該冠詞須置于形容詞之后，即形成“as + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as”結(jié)構(gòu)。這道題在名詞專(zhuān)題中也有解析，不同的是觀察視角不同，應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維。
2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET 2000)
A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially
解析：答案為D。本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。注意掌握詞語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確含義，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析。A項(xiàng)意為“極端地”；B項(xiàng)意為“自然地”；C項(xiàng)“基本上”；D項(xiàng)“尤其，特別地”。根據(jù)句意“如果你不會(huì)講（它的）語(yǔ)言，在國(guó)外你就總會(huì)困難重重”可知答案。
3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET 1998)
A.the best B.more C.better D.the most
解析：答案為C。本題考查副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。要把握句式之間的聯(lián)系，抓住句子的隱藏信息，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)句意，句中but后應(yīng)有一詞組be well known for…。同時(shí)，應(yīng)注意到前后兩個(gè)分句把professor White的短篇小說(shuō)和戲劇進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，故應(yīng)用well的比較級(jí)。
形容詞與副詞
1．If we had followed his plan，we could have done the
job better with money and people．
A．1ess；less B．fewer；fewer C．1ess；fewer D．fewer；less
2．It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day．
A．few；much B．few；many C．1ittle；much D．little；many
3．-If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one．
-0K，but do you have size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me．
A．big B．a(chǎn) bigger C．the big D．the bigger
4．After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before．
A．a(chǎn)s twice many B．a(chǎn)s many twice C．twice as many D．twice many as
5．-How did you find your visit to the museum?
-I thoroughly enjoyed it．It was than I expected．
A．far more interesting B．even much interesting
C．so more interesting D．a(chǎn) lot much interesting
6．If there were no examinations，we should have at schoo1．
A．the happiest time B．a(chǎn) more happier time C．much happiest time D．a(chǎn) much happier time
7．On the river there is bridge．
A．a(chǎn)n old fine stone B．a(chǎn) fine new wood
C．a(chǎn) stone fine old D．a(chǎn) new wood fine
8．If I had ，I’d visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places．
A．a(chǎn) long enough holiday B．a(chǎn)n enough long holiday
C．a(chǎn) holiday enough long D．a(chǎn) long holiday enough
9．It Was raining heavily．Little Mary felt cold，so she stood to her mother．
A．close B．closely C．closed D．closing
10．The means of getting from place to place in
the city is the bus．
A．most commonly useful public B．most commonly public used
C．public used more commonly D．most commonly used public
11.Alice is going camping with girls．
A．1ittle two other B．two other little
C．two 1ittle other D．1ittle 0ther two
12.Where have you been days?
A．a(chǎn)ll last these few B．these all last few
C．1ast all few these D．a(chǎn)ll these last few
13.He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him．
A．such a good B．so good a
C．a(chǎn) so good D．such good
14.All the people at the party were his supporters.
A．present B．thankful C．interested D．important
15.This kind of apple tastes and sells
A．well；well B．good；good C．good；well D．well；good
16．The storm kept me all through the night．
A．a(chǎn)wake B．a(chǎn)woke C．a(chǎn)waked D．a(chǎn)waken
17．My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep．
A．1ate；sound B．1ately；wide C．deeply；far D．far；late
18．The temperature of a person is about 37℃．
A．formal B．normal C．common D．usual
19．I’m always very when I was asked to recite the text in class．
A．curious B．nervous C．mysterious D．sad
20．It Was impossible for her to get the 9 o’clock train，I know she got up at
9：15．
A．quite B．very C．too D．much
形容詞與副詞
1-5 CABCA 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BDDAC 16-20 AABBA