Unit 5 The British Isles

教學(xué)目的和要求

（Teaching aims and demands）

類(lèi)別 課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求掌握的項(xiàng)目

話(huà)題 Talking about the British Isles

詞 consist state powerful mistaken narrow republic Europe form Atlantic generalinfluence basis(pl. bases) upper union judge queen cigarette proof own foot(pl.feet) employ sheet grain westwards approach

匯 consist of be made up of make the most of hold together Northern Ireland the AtlanticOcean in general

功能 同意與不同意 (Expressing agreement and disagreement)Don't you think that...? No, you are wrong thinking that...Surely it must be ... I don't think that's right ...I'm afraid you're wrong... Yes, you are right, but...I don't think so. Aren't you confusing ...?Yes, I agree with you. You must be mistaken...I'm not so sure about that ... I believe that you've got it right.

語(yǔ)法 名詞性從句(Noun clauses) (1)1.同謂語(yǔ)從句 (Appositive clause)The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips, the Speakers' Corner and the Tower ofLondon is past.2.表語(yǔ)從句 (Predicative clause)The result of so much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.3.主語(yǔ)從句 (Subject clause)That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.4.賓語(yǔ)從句 (Object clause)They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.

LISTENING TEXT：

Good morning and welcome to the Language School at Dublin University. I'm very happy to greet you all to our summer Programme and hope that you will not only learn a lot more English, but also learn about the Irish way of life. Before you go to your classrooms, I want to have a quick look at your weekly timetable with you.Classes are taught from Monday to Friday with four classes in the morning and three classes in the afternoons.One lesson takes up 50 minutes. We start every morning with two lessons of what we call Language Study, which will mostly be grammar and vocabulary. The rest of the morning classes are either spent in the computer lab, or in workshops. There's a Conversation Workshop to practice your speaking skills, one lesson on Tuesday, directly after the Language Study class and there's a Reading Workshop of two times fifty minutes on Friday morning.There are also two fifty minutes classes in the computer lab which form the third class on both Wednesdays and Thursdays.

Lunch is from half past twelve till one o'clock. Each afternoon, except for Wednesday, starts with two lessons of skills practice. In those classes you will mostly practiselistening and speaking. On Monday and Tuesday they are followed by a class of fifty minutes at the language lab.

The language lab is open Monday to Friday from half past eight in the morning until eight o'clock in the evening, while the library is open every day, including the weekends，from eight am till ten pm.

Language Study and the classes in the computer lab are taught by Dave.Cnversation and skills are taught by Flora and Sarah.Reading is by Andrew and the teacher who will be with you in the language lab is Julia.If for some reason you cannot come to class,you have

To phone your teacher half an hour before class begins.

Answers to Exercises 1:

True: 3

Answers to Exercise 2：

TIME MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

8:30am10:20am Language Study(Dave) Language Study(Dave) Language Study(Dave) Language Study(Dave) Language Study(Dave)

10:30am1l:20am ConversationWorkshop(Flora & Sarah) Computer lab(Dave) Computer lab(Dave) ReadingWorkshop(Andrew)

ll:30am12:20am ReadingWorkshop(Andrew)

12.30pm Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch

l:00pm2:50pm Skills(Flora & Sarah) Skills(Flora & Sarah) Skins(Flora & Sarah) Skills(Flora & Sarah)

3:00pm3:50pm Language lab(Julia) Language lab(Julia)

Answers to Exercise 3:

1．Call Dave half an hour before class begins.

2．In the classes of skills practice the students practicelistening and speaking.

3.Language lab is open on week days/from Mon-day to Friday, from

8:00 am fill 8:00 pm.

LISTENING TEXT:

Wales is one of the four countries that form the United Kingdom. The Act of Union in 1536 combined West and East Wales into a single state. Wales was considered by the English and later Great Britain and the United Kingdom governments as a separate part of England and Cardiff was named in 1955 as its capital. Since then we speak of "England and Wales" where before only "England" was used. Travelling from England, you will know when you are in Wales, because all street signs and names of railway stations are written in two languages: English and Welsh. Welsh is the original language of the people in Wales.The landscape in Wales is also different from England.While England is mostly hilly, the central parts of Wales are motmtainous. It is here that we find the highest mountainin the UK. As it is impossible to grow crops on the mountains,Welsh farmers keep sheep instead. It is difficult to get around the steep mountain slopes, even in ajeep. So the Welsh sheep farmers use dogs to move the sheep from one field to another.

The weather in Wales is warmer and wetter than in other parts of Britain. This is because of the high mountains.The wind here usually comes from the southwest. As it moves across the warm Atlantic Ocean, the wind carries water from the sea. When this wind hits the mountains of Wales, the air rises causing rain to fall.

Wales is popular with holiday visitors. They go hiking in the mountains, or spend their summer days by the sea, swimming or sailing. People interested in history and architecture can visit some of the many historical sites in Wales. Most ancient castles and churches are open to the public. During the holidays, there are festivals too, with singing and dancing. Wales is often called "the Land of Song" and its people are famous for their love of poetry and music.

Answers to Exercise 1:

1．Cardiff

2．Part of England from 1536 until 1955; now one of the fourn countries that form the UK.

3．Mountainous

4．Sea climate; wetter and warmer than the rest of the UK

5．Sheep farming

6．Hiking / swimming / sailing

Visit castles, churches and festivals

Answers to Exercise 2:

1． The landscape is different.Street signs and names of stations

are written in two languages: English and Welsh.

2．To move their sheep from one field to another.

3．Because the wind usually comes from the sea, and when it hits

the mountains it starts raining.

語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟

閱讀本單元課文，完成下列各題：

1.1 細(xì)枝末節(jié)

(Passage 1)

1．According to the passage, what do you know about the Isle

of Man?

A. It lies between Britain and Ireland.

B. It's run over by the king of UK.

C. The king of England is in charge of it.

D. Both A and C.

2． How many spoken languages are considered as native languages

in the British Isles?

A. 2 B. 8 C. 1 D. 6

3．What languages formed the basis for English?

A. Languages spoken by European people.

B. Languages spoken by people from northern Europe.

C. The French language.

D. Gaelic and Irish.

(Passage 2)

4. Sheep are fed .

A. in the centre of Salisbury

B. around the city

C. in and around Salisbury

D. on the tops of hills

5. A traveler may be interested in .

A. the history of the country

B. the Cathedral of Salisbury

C. a place of interest here

D. hundreds of thousands of sheep

6. About Salisbury, which of the following is NOT true?

A. It lies where 3 rivers join together.

B. It is in Southern England.

C. It is a large and fine city.

D. Salisbury is about 3 miles away from Clarendon Park.

1.2 主旨大意

7. What's the main idea of Passage 1?

A. Britain was once in the charge of the Frenchmen.

B. The UK is made up of 3 countries.

C. The author delivers some more information about the British Isles.

D. It's about the history of the country.

8. The author's purpose in Passage 2 is to .

A. introduce England to you

B. tell you how many sheep in England

C. advise you to make a trip in England

D. introduce Salisbury in southern England to you

1.3 推理判斷

9. What can you conclude from Passage 1?

A. The UK is made up of 4 countries.

B. The British Isles lies off the west coast of Europe.

C. The culture of the UK is a mixture of different coun-tries in the world.

D. The climate of the British Isles is mild wkh a lot of rain.

10. What can you infer from Passage 2?

A. People there live a happy life.

B. Salisbury is a mountainous city.

C. People in Salisbury mainly grow fruit trees.

D. Salisbury has a short history.

Keys: 1.D.2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1. employ vt.雇用；使用，利用

be employed in忙于／從事(某活動(dòng))

employer／employee n．老板／雇員

Miss Liu is employed in a Chinese-foreign joint company．

劉小姐受雇于一個(gè)中外合資公司。

This village factory employed some graduates and a doctor in

law．這家村辦工廠雇用了一些大學(xué)畢業(yè)生和一名法律博士。

She’s employed in watering the garden． 她正忙于澆花園。

[考題1] The difference between Tom and Mike lies in how they____their spare time．Once it is made full use of，the result

will be quite different．

A．take B．cost C．employ D．spend

[解析]本題的語(yǔ)境十分充分,句中的it實(shí)指spare time .所缺動(dòng)詞的含義實(shí)際上等同于make use of ,即employ其他三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均與時(shí)間有關(guān)，但與本題語(yǔ)境無(wú)關(guān)。[答案] C

2．stand for代表

The letters “USA ”stand for the United states of America．

“USA”這幾個(gè)字母代表美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)。

Do you know what UFO stands for? 你知道UFO代表什么嗎?

含stand的詞組還有：

How do you stand by and see such wrong doing?

你對(duì)這樣的錯(cuò)誤行為怎能袖手旁觀呢?

He will stand by you whatever happens.

不管發(fā)生了什么他都支持你。

He stood with us in that debate．

在那場(chǎng)辯論中他站在我們一邊.

[考題2]There _____all old temple on the hi．can you see it?

A．1ies B．1ying C．stands D．standing

[解析] 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則分析可知，本題缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)為an old temple，表語(yǔ)為there，所以這是個(gè)there be句型，因?yàn)锽、D兩項(xiàng)不可作謂語(yǔ)，所以被排除。stand與lie的區(qū)別如下：動(dòng)詞stand可用來(lái)表示高形物體位于何處,如:建筑,樹(shù),人等.而動(dòng)詞lie用來(lái)表示非高形物體位于和處,如地區(qū),國(guó)家,河流,田野,鐵路等.如:

The house stands on the hiⅡ．這房子坐落在那小山上。

West of the town 1ies a railway．城西有一條鐵路。

[答案] C

3． form n．形狀，形態(tài),外形,體型；表格

Vt. vi形成，構(gòu)成；建立，排列；養(yǎng)成

take the form of采取……的形式

form a company創(chuàng)辦公司

Ice forms at O℃．?dāng)z氏0℃時(shí)結(jié)冰。

[考題3]The cookies were all ______ stars．

A．in form of B．in forms of C．in the form of D．in form

[答案] C

4． in general一般,大體上

in the general概括地說(shuō)

In general ,standards of hygiene are good．

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，衛(wèi)生情況良好。

[考題4]People _______ 1ike her，although sometimes she annoys them．

A．in generally B．general C．in general D．in a general

[答案] C

5． influence n．& v．

(1) influence on/over sb./sth.

(2) influence on sb./sth.

(3) 作動(dòng)詞,意為影響

I used my influence with the boss t0 get things changed．

我借用與老板的交情對(duì)事情做了一些改革。

The fact that he is rich and famous and no influence on our

decision．

他有錢(qián)有名氣，但這不會(huì)影響到我們的決定。

Nobody should drive while they are under the influence of alcohol.

誰(shuí)也不得酒后開(kāi)車(chē)。

His new girlfriend has been a good influence on him．

他的新女朋友對(duì)他有著良好的影響。

Her style of painting has been influenced by Japanese art．

她的畫(huà)風(fēng)一直受到日本藝術(shù)的影響。

拓展：

affect一般指生理／物質(zhì)上的改變

influence較多用于指感覺(jué)／態(tài)度上的改變

[考題5](1)Over-heating development might have bad ______ on

the national economy．

A．cause B．influence C．result D．factor

[答案] B

(2)My parents considered my friend to be a bad ______ on me．

A．effort B．influence C．a(chǎn)ffect D．result

[解析] affect主要用作動(dòng)詞=have an effect on , effort指努力，result指結(jié)果，均不合題意。[答案] B

(3)Honestly speaking，it is my teacher’s ______ that mademe finally take up my present career as a biology researcher．

A．a(chǎn)dvantage B．influence C．taste D．guard

[解析] 根據(jù)題意,是老師的影響讓我最終從事了現(xiàn)在的事業(yè).A項(xiàng)advantage意為“優(yōu)勢(shì)”，taste意為“口味”，“guard”，意為“警戒”， 均不符合題意[答案]B

6．judge vt.判斷，鑒定,斷定，認(rèn)為,審判

n ．法官,審判員,裁判員

I'm no judge of music．我對(duì)音樂(lè)是外行。

She is a good judge of wine．

她是鑒別酒的專(zhuān)家。

Who will judge the next case?

誰(shuí)將審理下一個(gè)案子?

拓展：

judge…by／from…由……來(lái)判斷

judging from…由……來(lái)看

Judging from what you say，he ought to succeed.

從你說(shuō)的來(lái)看，他應(yīng)該成功。

[考題6](1)______ from his accent，he must be_____ America．

A． Judged；from B．To judge；of

C．Judging；from D．Judging；of

[答案]C

(2)____ from the number of cars，he thought，there were not many people at the club yet．

A．To judge B．Judged C．Judging D．Having judged

[解析]judging from/by﹍ 由﹍來(lái)看, 由﹍判斷,為固定結(jié)構(gòu).[答案]C

7．a(chǎn)pproach n.靠近；走近；方法；途徑 vi ＆ vt 走近；靠近；著手(考慮)處理；(因事)找或接近

The approach of winter brings cold weather．

冬天的臨近使天氣轉(zhuǎn)冷了。

All approaches are blocked．所有的道路都堵塞了。

He approached the problem with caution．他開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

[考題7] When is the best time to ______ my employer about an increase in salary?

A．a(chǎn)rrive at B．get to C．reach D．a(chǎn)pproach

[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。A、B、c三項(xiàng)表示具體的“到達(dá)……”，D為與﹍接洽或交涉 [答案]D

8．表示“構(gòu)成”的三個(gè)詞組

consist of 構(gòu)成；由11組成

make up 構(gòu)成；組成

be made up of 由11構(gòu)成

Light consists of waves．光由波構(gòu)成。

A car is made up of many different parts．

一輛小轎車(chē)由很多不同的部分組成。

Eleven players make up a football team．

一支足球隊(duì)由11名隊(duì)員組成。

[考題8] The world is seven continents and four oceans．

A．made up of B．made out of

C．made from D．made in (全國(guó)高考題)

[解析]be made from表示“由……制成”，be made in表示“在……

生產(chǎn)”，均不合題意。[答案] A

9．make(+the)+n.+of詞組小結(jié)

make the most of充分利用/展現(xiàn)

make the best of 好好去做，往好里做

make the worst of(在困難情況下)不肻好好干

make use of 利用

He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn．

他想充分利用他的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。

One must learn to make the best of a bad job．

一個(gè)人必須要學(xué)會(huì)把一個(gè)壞工作好好地干好。

Do you want to make use of my bicycle?你想用我的自行車(chē)嗎?

[考題9]Such good use has been his spare time his

English has improved a 1ot．

A．made of：that B．made of；as

C．made in；that D．found in；as(2003年成都診斷題)

[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)在解答本題時(shí)占極其重要的作用。句中含詞組make good use of及句型such1that。use被提到句首，后面的組成部分不能少了make與of；另外such good use 也放在句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。本句是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，所以不用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的such…as [答案] A

10. as+adj./adv.+as的用法

(1)表示“﹙可數(shù)的量﹚多達(dá)”時(shí)用as many as；表示“﹙不可數(shù)的量﹚多達(dá)”時(shí)，用as much as。

As many as 10 or 11 poople were found living in a single room．

多達(dá)十到十一人被發(fā)現(xiàn)生活在一個(gè)單間里。

She earned as much as 50 dollars a week．

她每周掙的錢(qián)達(dá)50美元。

(2)as far as 表示“和11一樣遠(yuǎn)；遠(yuǎn)到；據(jù)……所知”。

Let’s walk as far as the bus station.

讓我們走到車(chē)站去吧。

As far as I know，7 Chinese were kidnapped.

據(jù)我所知，有七名中國(guó)人遭到綁架。

[考題15]

(1)一Our holiday cost a 1ot of money．

一Did it?Well，that doesn't matter--you enjoyed yourselves．

A.as well as B．a(chǎn)s good as

C．a(chǎn)s far as D．a(chǎn)s long as(2002年北京東城區(qū)題)

[解析] as good as有本義(和……一樣好)與比喻義(幾乎；差不多已經(jīng))。as long as也是如此；“像……一樣長(zhǎng)；只要(類(lèi)似于if)”as Well as除了作連詞外，還有本義：“和……一樣好”。[答案]D

(2)John plays football ，if not better than，David．

A．a(chǎn)s well B．a(chǎn)s well as

C．so well D．so well as

[解析] 這是個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，由此可知空白處表示“和……一樣好”，肯定句中用as weU as，否定句中多用so well as。[答案] B

10．三個(gè)“國(guó)家”的區(qū)別

nation，state和country均可表示“國(guó)家”，但是nation指具有某些共同特征的人群、民族居住在一個(gè)地區(qū)，擁有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的政府的“國(guó)家”；state強(qiáng)調(diào)政治意義上的“國(guó)家”；country強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)土意義上的 國(guó)家。

Railways in Britain belong to the State．

在英國(guó)，鐵路屬于國(guó)家所有。

Which country's weather is most 1ike China’s?

哪個(gè)國(guó)家的天氣與中國(guó)的最相像?

[考題10]India，which is one member of the united ，is a

developing with the second largest population in the world

A．States；state B．Nations；country

C．Countries；nation D．Nafions；state

[答案] B

11．含hold的詞組小結(jié)

Hold on!Everything will be 0K． 堅(jiān)持下去!一切都會(huì)好的。

Wait．Ho1d on a minute!別忙掛電話(huà)。

Hold up your hands!請(qǐng)舉手。

The traffic was held up by an accident． 車(chē)輛被事故堵住了。

Take／catch ho1d of my hand!抓住我的手!

We cannot be defeated while we hold together．

我們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起就不會(huì)被擊敗。

[考題1 1] We thought of selling this old furniture，but

we’ve decided to it．It might be valuable．

A．ho1d on to B．keep up with C．turn to D．1ook after

(2002年全國(guó)高考題)

[解析] keep up with表示“跟上”，turn to表示“轉(zhuǎn)向”，1ook after表示“照顧”。語(yǔ)境表示“……我們決定不賣(mài)，因?yàn)樗�可能有價(jià)值。” 所缺短語(yǔ)含義為“不要放棄／不賣(mài)掉”。本題要充分利用排除法，因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)只見(jiàn)到hold on，很少拓展hold on to的用法，因此了解一下常用詞組的次常見(jiàn)含義有必要的。[答案] A

12．含run的詞組小結(jié)

(1)本單元中的run over作“(車(chē)輛)輾壓；溢出；匆匆看／復(fù)習(xí)一遍；預(yù)演一遍；簡(jiǎn)短地說(shuō)一遍”講。

He was run over by a car．他被車(chē)輾了。

The water ran over the edge of the jar．水溢出壇邊了。

The speaker ran over his notes before the 1ecture．

演講之前，演說(shuō)者又看了一遍稿子。

(2)含run的詞組還有：

run across邂逅 run into撞上／進(jìn)

run away走掉 run out(of)用光

run away from逃避 run through匆忙看

be on the run忙碌 in the long run從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看

[考題20]

(1)Be careful when you cross this very busy street．If not，you may run over by a car．(2002年北京高考題)

A．have B．get C．become D．turn

[解析] run over在本句中的含義為“被車(chē)輾過(guò)啊”。從用法上看， 此處應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而只有g(shù)et done可以構(gòu)成特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示遭遇到不幸等含義。[答案] B

(2)We are water．We’d better store some．

A．running out B．running out of

C．run out D．run out of

[解析]run out表示“用光”，是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能接賓語(yǔ)也不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以A、C兩項(xiàng)被排除。D項(xiàng)是被動(dòng)形式，也不接語(yǔ)。

[答案] B

13. 含time的詞組小結(jié)

at a time一次；每次

at one time一度；曾經(jīng)(=once)

at the same time與此同時(shí)；雖然如此

from time to time時(shí)而，不時(shí)地

in time及時(shí)；遲早、終究

on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)

at times有時(shí)候(=sometimes)

a11 the time一直

[考題13] ，I 1ost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on working hard；you’llsucceed ．”

A．At a time；in time B．At a time；on time

C．At one time；in time D．At one time；on time

[解析]本題顯然是考查at a time與at one time、in time與ontime的用法及區(qū)別。注意從at one time相當(dāng)于once(one與once很相似)、in time有兩重含義(相當(dāng)于sooner or later)這兩個(gè)技巧與能力方面入手，即可找出本題答案。[答案] C

14．“of+修飾詞+n.”的用法

(1)be of+抽象名詞，相當(dāng)于“be+其同根形容詞”，表示“是……的”，該抽象名詞前可以加much，great，little，some，no等詞修飾。

The book is of great importance(=very important)to you.

(2)be of+普通名詞。該普通名詞一般沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的形容詞，所以不存在“be+adj．”的轉(zhuǎn)換形式。

Coins may be of different sizes，weights，shapes and different metals.硬幣可能大小、重量、形狀不同，所用金屬材料不同。

They were both of middle height． 他們倆都是中等身材。

(3)be of+不定冠詞或one等詞+名詞，表示“同一的”。

The coats are of a colour．這衣服顏色一樣。

we are of one opinion．我們意見(jiàn)相同。

The two pairs of shoes are of one size．

=The two pairs of shoes are of the same size．

這兩雙鞋大小一樣。

(4)be of+普通名詞或物質(zhì)名詞，表示“由……制成”，“由……組成”。

The wall is of stone．=The wall is made of stone．

這墻是用石頭砌成的。

(2)Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind unless they kill them for food．(2000年全國(guó)高考題)

A．the；a B．／；a C．the；the D．／；the

[解析] kind是個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，所以前面加不定冠詞a；a differen kind作定語(yǔ)，修飾animals，而此處animals泛指任何動(dòng)物，所以前面不加冠詞。[答案] B

(3)--How many parts is the bed wood ?

一Three separate parts．

A．made of；made up of B．made from；made up

C．making of；making up D．making from；making up of

[解析] 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“--wood'’作定語(yǔ)，修飾bed，表示“由木材制成的”，用the bed made of wood表示；第二空與is構(gòu)成詞組“由……組成”，用be made up of表示。[答案] A

15．表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”的三種句型及拓展

(1)It is said that+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)部分

(2)People say that+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)部分

(3)主語(yǔ)+be+said+to+謂語(yǔ)部分

It is said that the population is 3 million．

=People say that the population is 3 million．

=The population is said to be 3 million．據(jù)說(shuō)人口是三百萬(wàn)。

拓展：類(lèi)似詞還有：report，know，believe，hope，suppose，tell．

[考題15]

(1) at least a score of buildings will be built soon．

A．It hopes B．It is hoped that

C．We are hoped D．It is wished that

[解析] hope只可接單賓語(yǔ)，故排除c項(xiàng)。It is hoped that．．．意為“人們希望……” [答案] B

(2) that he has retumed home for one month．

A．It is said B．It said C．It was said D．It says

[解析] It is said that“據(jù)說(shuō)……”。由“has”一詞可知本題時(shí)態(tài)，故不可選C項(xiàng)。答案為A。

16．名詞性從句(I)--賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句

(1)賓語(yǔ)從句中that與what的用法 ．

what在賓語(yǔ)從句中，有代替名詞的作用，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或

表語(yǔ)。that只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作任何成分，可省略。

He seems different from what he used to be．

(作表語(yǔ))他看上去與過(guò)去不一樣了。

-The fire destroyed what was in the building．

(作主語(yǔ))大火摧毀了大樓里的東西。

(2)賓語(yǔ)從句中復(fù)合關(guān)系名詞whoever，whichever，whatever等有代替名詞的作用

You may do whatever(anything that)you like．

(“無(wú)論什么”，作賓語(yǔ))你可以想做什么就做什么。

You can choose whichever you 1ike．

(“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”；作賓語(yǔ))你能選擇所喜歡的任意一個(gè)。

(3)表語(yǔ)從句常考點(diǎn)

(1)對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞(連詞)的正確選擇。表語(yǔ)從句可由that，what,

who(whom)，when，where，how，why，whether等連詞引導(dǎo)。

The question is whether we can catch the early bus．

問(wèn)題是我們是否能趕上早班車(chē)。

(2)含有幾個(gè)須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣作賓語(yǔ)的詞（如：suggest，advise，order等）或名詞的表語(yǔ)從句中也用（should）do 形式。

My suggestion (advice) is that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.

[考題24](1)Sometimes we are asked__ the likely result of an action will be．

A．that we think B．what we think

C．what do we think D．that what we think

[解析] 賓語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句中的考查熱點(diǎn)，其中又以測(cè)試引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、主從句的時(shí)態(tài)占絕大比例。選項(xiàng)中we think為一插入成分，解題時(shí)可將其放在一邊。句中be動(dòng)詞后缺表語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用what。 [答案]B

(2)Go and get your coat．It’s you left it．

A．there B．where C．there where D．where there

[解析] 本題考查引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接副詞的用法。在從句中,there是不能引導(dǎo)句子的，因?yàn)閠here只是副詞，不是連接副詞。Where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。[答案] B

(3)The difficulty we now meet with is we can persuade him to tell the truth．

A．that B．what C．how D．why

[解析] 句意為“我們現(xiàn)在碰到的問(wèn)題是如何能夠說(shuō)服他講實(shí)話(huà)。”

[答案] C

(4)After five hours’drive，they reached--they thought was the place they'd been drearning of.

A．that B．where C．which D．what

[解析] 句中they thought是插入語(yǔ)成分，所以引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句且作主語(yǔ)，只有what符合題意。[答案] D

能力題型設(shè)計(jì)

[預(yù)測(cè)1]一My mathematics is very poor．

一Don’t worry．I'll help you I can．

A．a(chǎn)s far as B．a(chǎn)s soon as

C．a(chǎn)s quickly as D．a(chǎn)s possible as

[預(yù)測(cè)2]Don’t all speak at once! ，please．

A．Each at one time B．One by one time

C．One at a time D．One for each time

[預(yù)測(cè)3]一May I put my luggage on the seat beside you，sir，if it is free?

-

A．Oh，please yourself B．Well，never mind

C．Yes，help yourself D．Sure，with pleasure

[預(yù)測(cè)4]一Why would you go to China in a million years?

一Because I want to see in the future．

A．what China will 1ook like B．what will China look like

C．China will 1ook Iike what D．what 1ook will China lik

[預(yù)測(cè)5]I have found out they will ask to leade the victory march on Saturday.

A．when B．where C．whom D．how

[預(yù)測(cè)6]一Why do you drink so much coffee?

一Well， it doesn't keep me awake at night，I see no harm in it．

A．a(chǎn)lthough B．a(chǎn)s 1ong as C．while D．where

[預(yù)測(cè)7]His ability has never been in doubt the question is he is prepared to work hard．

A．if B．that C．when D．whether

[預(yù)測(cè)8]Do you think the young man Miss Alice is shaking hands with Mary?

A．pretty B．beautiful C．1ovely D．handsome

[預(yù)測(cè)9]we met with many different people and various things all the journey．

A．a(chǎn)1ong B．over C．through D．a(chǎn)round

[預(yù)測(cè)10]As unemployment is very high nowadays，it’s very difficult for poeple to find work．

A．the；不填 B．the；a c．不填；不填 D．a(chǎn)n；the

[預(yù)測(cè)11]we sometimes refer to the people of a as the ．

A．country；nation B．nation；state

C．country；state D．nation；country

[預(yù)測(cè)12]The committee is--of fifteen members．

A．invented B．consisted C．formed D．made up

[預(yù)測(cè)13]一I shall be sent to England to see my grandmother．

一Really?You should make the--of this chance to improve your

oral English．

A．most B．much C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．better

[預(yù)測(cè)14]一Dad，I have doubt about myself whether I shall go on with my present career．

--Don't be discouraged，my boy.If you insist on what you are doing，you’ll--a successful man．

A．make B．form C．get D．grow

[預(yù)測(cè)15 ]-Why must you stay in the countryside, no electricity, no television, no computer?

-Oh, no, I have found it for my health.

A. great value B. of great valuable

C. rather valuable D. of very value

[預(yù)測(cè)16 ] A number of scientists __ that the number of wild animals getting smaller and smaller.

A. says ; are B. say ; is

C. says ; have been D. say; were

[預(yù)測(cè)17 ]-Excuse me,did you see a red car rushing here?

-Oh, yes, it sped .

A. in the east B. to east

C. east D. to easterly

[預(yù)測(cè)18 ]Violence on TV may turn out to be a strong __ on some young people.

A. proof B. impression C. influence D. basis

[預(yù)測(cè)19]The British Isles are surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and

A. the North Sea is to the east

B. the North Sea to the east

C. to the east is the North Sea

D. to the east the North Sea

[預(yù)測(cè)20]With spring ,the weather became warmer.

A.approaches B. approaching C.approach D.appoached

短文改錯(cuò)：

When tea and coffee was first introduced to Europe1.

in 18th century,people thought they were harmful. 2.

So the king of Sweden decided to find out whether this3.

was true or not. It was happened that there were two4.

brothers were in prison at the time. The king ordered5.

one of them drink tea every day and the other coffee.6.

Both of them have lived many years without any problem.7.

At last the one who had to drink tea every day died at 8.

the age of 83 and the other lived even long. Because of 9.

this, Sweden is today one of the countries where many tea andcoffee are drunk. 10.

Keys:

1．A as far as I can表示“盡我所能”。若選D，possible改為Possibly。

2．C at a time表示“每次；一次”。句意為“大家不要一齊說(shuō)；每次一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)。”

3．A please yourself表示“請(qǐng)便”，相當(dāng)于do as you please。

4．A see后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中用陳述句語(yǔ)序；特殊疑問(wèn)詞what應(yīng)放在句首。

5．C引導(dǎo)詞指人，且作ask的賓語(yǔ)。

6．B句意表示“只要”。

7．D 主語(yǔ)是“問(wèn)題”，所以應(yīng)由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)才行；if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

8．D 表示男性英俊瀟灑用handsome，其他三個(gè)詞多用于女性。

9．C through此處指自始至終。

10．C “失業(yè)(unemployment)”及“工作(work)”二詞均為不可數(shù)名詞。

11．A根據(jù)題意可知，前空應(yīng)為country。the people of a country意為“一個(gè)國(guó)家的人民”，后空應(yīng)表示“民族”。

12．D be made up of“由……組成”。consist of不用被動(dòng)。

13．A make the most of=take advantage of表示“充分利用”。

14．A make表示“成為……”；form多用于多個(gè)部分形成一個(gè)整體；grow后接into才符合題意。

15．C 選項(xiàng)A、B和D都改為“of great value”才對(duì)。

16．B A number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；the numberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

17．C east作副詞，表示“向東方”；選項(xiàng)B改為to the east，這時(shí)east作名詞用，easterly是副詞，前面不加介詞。

18．C proof表示“證明”，impression：表示“印象”，basis表示“基礎(chǔ)”，均不符合語(yǔ)境“影響”

19. B

20. B

短文改錯(cuò)

1．was→were 2．in后加the 3．this→it 4.It后was去掉

5．去掉were 6．drink前加to 7．have去掉 8.√

9．1ong→1onger 10．many→much

最新五年高考名題詮解

1．(2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅳ)The road is covered with snow．I can’t understand

they insist on going by motorbike．

A．why B．whether C．when D．how

[解析]本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)句的意義,選A項(xiàng)比較恰當(dāng)。句意為“路面上覆蓋滿(mǎn)了雪，我不明白他們?yōu)槭裁磮?jiān)持騎摩托車(chē)呢。”[答案] A

2．(2004年湖南高考題)I think Father WOUld like to know I've

been up to so far，so I decide to send him a quick note．

A．which B．why C．what D．how

[解析] 考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞用法，由結(jié)構(gòu)sb．be up to sth．可知，應(yīng)選what作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。[答案] C

3．(2004年北京高考題)We cannot figure out quite a number of

insects，birds，and animals are dying out．

A．that B．a(chǎn)s C．why D．when

[解析]本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)，figure out為及物動(dòng)詞，故此句為語(yǔ)從句，從句意得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。故選why。 [答案] C

4．(2004年廣東高考題)Parents are taught to understand important education is to their children's future．

A．that B．how C．such D．so

[解析]understand是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，故后接賓語(yǔ)從句；賓語(yǔ)從句中還含有感嘆句型：how+adj.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)部分。[答案]B

5．(2004年上海春季高考題)The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangeous speed．

A．a(chǎn)s B．which C．what D．that

[解析]I thought為插入語(yǔ)，對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不產(chǎn)生影響；at后為賓語(yǔ)從

句，引導(dǎo)詞作主語(yǔ)，故用what。

[答案]C

6．(2004年北京春季高考題) I can see，there is only one

possible way to keep away from the danger．

A．As long as B．As far as

C．Just as D．Even if

[解析]“據(jù)我所知”應(yīng)譯為as far as I see。

[答案]B

7．(2002年上海春季高考題)The cakes are delicious．He’d 1ike to have third one because second one is rather too small．

A．a(chǎn)；a B．the；the C．a(chǎn)；the D．the；a

[解析] 當(dāng)序數(shù)詞表示順序時(shí)用定冠詞the；表示再來(lái)一個(gè)用不定冠詞a(an)。從句子的意思可知，third one表示再吃一個(gè)，所以third前用a；second one表示所吃的是第二個(gè)，所以前用the。[答案] c

8．(2004年湖南高考題)You can't wear a blue jacket that shirt-it’ll

1ook terrible．

A．on B．a(chǎn)bove C．up D．over

[解析] 考查介詞用法。 on"在……上面”強(qiáng)調(diào)物品的準(zhǔn)確相對(duì)位置

above“在……上方”強(qiáng)調(diào)大致的相對(duì)位置；up‘上面”，強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，不表示具體位置；over“在……處”強(qiáng)調(diào)“覆蓋”的含義。 [答案] D

9．(2003年北京高考題)They had a pleasant talk a cup of coffee．

A．for B．with C．during D．over

[解析]a cup of coffee實(shí)指一杯茶的時(shí)間，“在……時(shí)間內(nèi)”用介詞 over。[答案]D

10． --The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?

- . (2003年北京春季高考題)

A．I guess not so B．I don’t guess

C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not

[解析] 用來(lái)代替第一句中的否定句are not doing a good job at all 要用not。[答案] D

11．(2001年上海高考題)The sunlight came in the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room．

A．through B．a(chǎn)cross C．on D．over

[解析] 光線(xiàn)是從窗子內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，故用through。[答案] A

12．(2001年全國(guó)高考題)A computer can only do you have instructed it to do．

A．how B．a(chǎn)fter C．what D．when

[解析]what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作do的賓語(yǔ)。[答案]C

13．(2001年上海春季高考題)What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．

A．when B．how C．whether D．why

[解析] 題中已有時(shí)間詞soon，所以A項(xiàng)被排除。How表示“如何”，why表示“為什么”，明顯不合題意。[答案]c

14．(2001年上海春季高考題)Little Tom was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster he had done the day before．

A．that B．how C．where D．what

[解析]這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句中he had done后缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以要填what。句意為“小湯姆不愿意告訴他的校長(zhǎng)前一天他做了什么。”[答案] D

15．(2000年全國(guó)高考題)It's always difficult being in a foreign country ,if you don’t speak the 1anguage．

A．extremely B.naturally

C.basically D．especially

[解析] 句意為“身處外國(guó)是很艱難的，尤其是你(especially)如果不講當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言的話(huà)。[答案] D

16．(2002年全國(guó)高考題)The taxi driver often reminds passengers to

their belongings when they leave the car．

A．keep B．catch C．hold D．take

[解析] 句意為“乘客下車(chē)時(shí)，帶走他的隨身物品。”[答案] D

17．(2002年北京高考題)His mother had thought it would be good for his

character to from home and earn some money on his own．

A．run away B．take away

C．keep away D．get away

[解析] 句意為“離開(kāi)家在外，獨(dú)立自主地掙一些錢(qián)對(duì)他的性格是有好 處的。”run away from表示“從……逃跑”,take away from表示“使停學(xué)；使離開(kāi)”，keep away from表示“避開(kāi)；使下去”。[答案] D

知識(shí)與能力同步測(cè)控題

(滿(mǎn)分120分；時(shí)間100分鐘)

一、單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分。滿(mǎn)分15分) 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1．We can’t believe that he drew such a silly conclusion according

to_______he took for granted(想當(dāng)然)．-

A．a(chǎn)s B．that C．what D．it

2. Tom insist what he said true and we insisted that he and have a look．

A．be；should go B．should be；would go

C．was；go D．was；would go

3．The little stone house near the lake is just it was 20 years ago

A．the same B．that C．a(chǎn)s D．1ike

4．一I’ve got--I am by hard work．

-No,you didn’t．You got with your father’s money．

A．there；where B．where；there

C．there；there D．where；where

5．一The family will do everything for him．

-That is they go wrong．

A．when B．how C．because D．where

6．After five hours’drive，they reached they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.

A．that B．where C．which D．what

7.--I don't know whether I should go abroad or not，Mum．

--I leave to your own judgment whether you should do it．

A．that B．it C．this D．what

8．-Can children swim in the pool?

一Yes．However，at no time they do so alone．

A．may B．need C．could D．should

9．一Why do you drink so much coffee?

一Well，--it doesn’t keep me wake at night，I see no harm in it.

A．a(chǎn)lthough B．a(chǎn)s 1ong as

C．while D．where

10．一Is registering(登記)for a pet dog very expensive?

一Yes．In Tianjing，it can cost 2，000 yuan．

A．a(chǎn)s high I as B．a(chǎn)s much as

C．so high as D．so much as

11．It takes to do a thing right than explajn why you did it wrong

A．1ess time B．fewer times

C．more times D．much time

12．The president sajd firmly that would he leave Iraq．

A．a(chǎn)t any time B．a(chǎn)t one time

C．in no time D．a(chǎn)t no time

13．一He is very poor in his study．

-Take it easy．We will help him we can．

A．whatever B．no matter which C.as well as D．a(chǎn)s far as

14．Being able to speak another language fluently is a great when you're Iooking for a job．

A．a(chǎn)dvantage B．chance

C．a(chǎn)ssistant D．importance

15．Bamboo,a special kind of grass，Can be made chairs，

tables,curtains and some other things．

A．up of B．from C．of D．into

二、完形填空(共20小題；每小題1．5分。滿(mǎn)分30分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、c、D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

When Ronaldinho(小羅納爾多)scored the decisive goal for Brazil and pushed Endand out of the 2002 world Cup，not all British people were disppointed． 16 ，many fans in Scotland celebrated England's failure．

This may sound 17 but Scottish people have their own world football team and national league．The first match between Scotland and 18 was played as 19 as 1871．And today Scotland still plays 20 Endand in various competitions including the World Cup and UEFA Cup(歐洲聯(lián)盟杯)．If they 21 ,it would be a Scottish flag that’s raised．

Football in the UK mirrors the countries’cultural 22 ．It shows the relative independence of Scotland，which 23 itself more from England than either Wales of Northern Ireland．

Scotland was 24 a totally independent kingdom．During the ninth century，it had a good many 25 and bloody wars with Endand．The English and Scottish thrones(王權(quán))were 26 in 1603 and again in 1707，when Scotland 27 became a part of Great Britain．

Today，many Scots are 28 about the English entering and 29 their country．There is a deep and 30 divide between the two nations．Scotland has 1ong fought for more 31 and now has its legal(法律的)and education systems．

This northern country is famous 33 its mountainous and beautiful scenery．Much of the famous highlands within the UK 34 in Scotland．

Scottish women are recognizable by their red and green tartan (格子呢)wools．The material can be seen in Scotland's everyday life．Scottish men are famous for wearing kilts(方格呢短裙)．They 35 to wear them at weddings and in parades when the Scots play traditional bagpipes(風(fēng)笛)．

16．A．Besides B．Instead C．What’s more D．Such as

17．A．strange B．special C．surprised D．natural

18．A．Brazil B．England C．Britain D．Wales

19．A．1ong B．far C．early D．o1d

20．A．with B．for C．a(chǎn)gainst D．through

21．A．played B．celebrated C．scored D．won

22．A．interests B．differences

C. similarities D. changes

23. A. unites B. divides C. breaks D. separates

24. A. never B. still C. once D. yet

25. A. disagreements B. diversities

C. controls D. influences

26. A. formed B. consisted

C. separated D. united

27. A. formally B. generally

C. namely D..afterwards

28. A. curious B. happy C. bitter D. pleased

29. A. approaching B. ruling

C. separating D. employing

30. A. powerful B. mistaken

C. ancient D. historical

31. A. proofs B. republic

C. independence D. Conquer

32. A. own B. national C. personal D. private

33. A. as B. to C. for D. because

34. A. includes B. forms C. lies D. consists

35. A. offer B. prepare C. fail D. tend

三、閱讀理解(共20小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分40分)

A

One of Britain's bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected (可疑的 )police killer David Bieber---and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to ￡30,000 reward money,

Vicki Brown, 30, played a very important role in ending the nationwide manhunt. Vicki,who has worked at the Royal Hotel for four years, told of her terrible experience when she had to steal into Bieber's bedroom and to watch him secretly. Then she waited alone for three hours while armed police prepared to storm into the building.

She said:"I was very nervous. But when I opened the hotel door and saw 20 armed policemen lined up in the car park I was so glad they were there. "

The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious(懷疑)of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before NewYear's Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face. She said: "He didn't seem to want to talk too much and make any eye contact (接觸)." Vicki, the only employee on duty, called her bosses Margaret, 64, and husband Stall McKale,65 ,who phoned the police at 11 pm..

Officers from Northumbria Police called Vicki at the hotel in Dunston, Gatesbeed, at about 11:30 pm to make sure that this was the wanted man. Then they kept in touch by phoning Vicki every 15 minutes.

"It was about ten past two in the morning when the phone went again and a policeman said ' Would you go and make yourself known to the armed officers outside. My heart missed a beat.

Vicki quietly showed eight armed officers through passages and staircases to the top floor room and handed over the key.

"I realized that my bedroom window overlooks that part of the hotel,so I went to watch. I could not see into the man's room,but I could see the passage. The police kept shouting at the man to come out with his hands showing. Then suddenly he must have come out because they shouted for him to lie down while he was handcuffed(戴手銬). ”

36. The underlined phrase "be in line for"( Paragraph 1 )means .

A. get B. be paid C. ask for D. own

37. Vicki became suspicious of David Bieber because .

A. the police called her

B. he looked very strange

C. he came to the hotel with little luggage

D. he came to the hotel the day before New Year's Eve

38. Vicki's heart missed a beat because .

A. the phone went again

B. she would be famous

C. the policemen had already arrived

D. she saw 20 policemen in the car park

39. David Bieber was most probably handcuffed in .

A. the passage B. the man's room

C. Vicki's bedroom D. the top floor room

40. The:whole event probably lasted about hours from the moment Bieber came to the hotel to the arrival of some armed officers.

A. 6 B. 8 C. 11 D. 14

B

The tower of Big Ben, London's most famous building, has always leaned slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up(支撐) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament.

To control the tower's movement, engineers pumped out grout(水泥漿) into the soil under.the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimeters, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer.

Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground) tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion, no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres.

To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction. The towers additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres ,but never passed 27.5 millimetres.

After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety measurements, taken this year, suggest that the tower's lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But following regular re-examinations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilized (穩(wěn)定). A spokesman for London Underground says, " We understand the tower has stabilized and returned to its normal movement cycle. "

41. Which of the following drawing correctly shows how the propping up

construction was carried out?

42. What does the word review( in paragraph 5) mean?

A. Observation. B. Description.

C. Discussion. D. Re-examination.

43. Why was the propping up construction necessary?

A. To stop the tower of Big Ben from leaning.

B. To stop sharp-eyed people from seeing the lean.

C. To stop the Tower of Pisa from leaning too much.

D. To stop the clock tower from leaning beyond its safety limit.

44. What was the existing lean of the tower at the time when the article was writing?

A. 220 millimetres. B. 255 millimetres.

C. 35 millimetres. D. 27.5 millimetres.

45. We can infer from the article that

A. the tower of Big Ben will damage the Houses of Parliament

B. the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burlands opinion

C. the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake

D. the propping up work has proved to be successful

C

Have you ever used a typewriter? If not, you've surely seen one. This useful machine has a most interesting history.

Although you may think that the typewriter is a modern invention,the idea goes as far back as the early 1700s. It was then, in 1714,that England's Queen Anne granted Henry Mill the first patent( 專(zhuān)利)for a machine that typed letters. Called An Artificial Machine or Method For Impressing Letters, the machine remained just a design on paper.

Various other typing machines were invented over the next hundred years or so. However, all of them had the same problem: they required more time to use than writing the same material by hand. Things improved a little around 1829 when an American named William Butt invented a machine called the desired letter.He also pressed a bar to link the paper. The machine printed letters well, but it had a top speed of only five words a minute.

Finally, in 1874, a more practical machine was introduced to the public. Invented by an American Christopher Sholes and some of his companions, the machine was set up by E. Remington and Sons and called the "Remington Model No. 1 ". It was the first typewriter to have the kind of typewriter keyboard we know today.

You may have a look at the typewriter keyboard and wonder about the strange arrangement of letters. As a matter of fact, the keys were so arranged to force typists to type lower. Typing too fast caught the keys of Remington 1 pressed together. They still follow this early arrangement of letters of the keyboard.

46. What does the writer mainly talk about in this passage?

A. What a typewriter is.

B. How the typewriter was invented.

C. The function and use of a typewriter.

D. Remington and his invention.

47. "An Artificial Machine" was .

A. the first typewriter that was made by Henry Mill

B. highly praised by England's Queen as the first typewriter

C. hardly produced at all

D. made as the first typewriter in 1714

48. The first typewriters were made .

A. from 1700 to 1714

B. in the eighteenth century

C. in the nineteenth century

D. in the twentieth century

49. That the keyboard was designed so as today is because .

A. the inventor wanted to make typing slower than writing

B. the inventor meant to prevent the keys from being pressed

together

C. that it was arranged strangely

D. it has nothing to do with Remington

50. We can infer from the passage that modern typewriters are better that and different from the one invented by Sholes and his companions except for .

A. the size B. the keyboard

C. the form of letters D. the arrangement of the letters

D

The British have enjoyed an increase in IQ unmatched by anybody else in the developed world over the past 60 years, a study has revealed. James Flynn, a professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand and a leading authority on intelligence quotient (智商), says he has found an "exceptional and unappreciated" rise.

Last year the professor announced a worldwide increase in IQ showing that we are generally brighter than our parents, but are outwitted by our children. He suggested that the complexities( 復(fù)雜性) of modem life were stimulating ( 刺激) the brain. Now a comparison of data from thousands of tests in universities and the army in 20 countries has shown that this socalled Flynn Effect is greatest in Britain, with a 27-point increase in average IQ Since the Second World War.

Much of the British advantage comes from speaking English,the standard tool of communication in commerce and culture. TheBritish also benefit from IQ-boosters ( 推助器 ) such as lower truancy(逃學(xué)) and better nutrition than in America. This may help to explain why the typical British reader of J. R. R Tolkien's The lord of the Rings was believed to be 25 in the mid 1950s and 18 during the late 1960s, whereas the book is now widely enjoyed by 12-year-olds.

Psychologists believe up to 80% of an IQ score is determined

by genes. But a formula for high IQ would also include a larger-

than-average head and breast-feeding because milk helps the grainto develop. Bill Dickens,Flynn's research partner at the BrookingsInstitution in Washington D. C, believes the challenge of changingjobs may also have an impact: " In which case countries like Britain, which have high levels of job changes, should produce some very bright people whose most obvious sign of their intelligence istheir insecurity(不安分) ".

51. According to James Flynn, .

A. the British have had a sharp increase in IQ

B. the British remain at the same level in IQ

C. the British are the most clever people in the world

D. the British are cleverer than other people in the developed world

52. The underlined word " outwitted" in the second paragraph probably means .

A. matched in wisdom

B. defeated by being cleverer

C. followed in wisdom

D. looked down upon

53. According to James Flynn, people in the world are generally

brighter because .

A. people live a better life than before

B. people enjoy better education

C. modem life is getting hard

D. modem life is not so simple as before

54. Which of the following is not a reason for the increase in

IQ of the British?

A. Speaking English. B. Changing jobs.

C. Higher truancy. D. Better nutrition.

55. The example of the typical BritiSh readers of The lord of the Rings shows that .

A. the younger a reader is, the more likely he will enjoy reading the book

B. it is the most difficult book to read

C. people are becoming brighter

D. it is more popular in Britain than in America

四、短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分)

此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行作出判斷:如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上畫(huà)一個(gè)勾(√)；如有錯(cuò)誤(每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)，則按下列情況改正：

此行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)(＼)劃掉，在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出該詞，并也用斜線(xiàn)劃掉。

此行缺一個(gè)詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出該加的詞。

此行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn)，在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出改正后的詞。

注意：原行沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的不要改。

England is no a big country:from north to south and 56

from east to west, it is only about three hundreds miles57

across. But for a small country it has a surprised range58

of climates. People who have ever visited England, or 59

who has visited only one part of it, often make the mistake60

of thinking that it is cold and wet county. Except for 61

the summer months of June to September, this is probably 62

true in the north of England and the Midlands.In the south, however, ~e climate is too much more 63

pleasant. One result is because when people retire from a64

job in the north they often prefer move to the milder south.65

五、書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿(mǎn)分25分)

雪梅鎮(zhèn)是一個(gè)依山傍水的小鎮(zhèn)。過(guò)去，這里的人們生活極其貧困。解放以后，人們生活的各個(gè)方面都發(fā)生了很大變化。

請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面表格里的提示，自擬題目，寫(xiě)一篇短文，介紹該鎮(zhèn)的變化情況。

人 口 約20萬(wàn)

面 積 約36平方公里

地理概況 座落在太行山腳下，面臨一條大河。新建有許多工廠、商店、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校等。

教育狀況 解放前只有一所學(xué)校。只有富家子弟可以上學(xué)。現(xiàn)在有10所學(xué)校，每個(gè)孩子都可以上學(xué)。

生活狀況 豐富多彩。人們工作之余，可以逛商店、看電影、跳舞、參加體育活動(dòng)等。

注意：

1．情況介紹必須采用短文形式；

2．要有標(biāo)題；

3．詞數(shù)：120左右。