高一下知識歸納（U16）

1. in one's opinion 依某人看，在某人看來

[用法] in one's opinion 中的one’s表示不同的物主代詞，如your, his, her, their

等，也可以用名詞的所有格代替，如Jane’s, Mum's, my teacher’s等，它用來表示個(gè)人的看法或意見，并使自己的看法或意見聽起來不那么武斷，不那么絕對化。

[例] (1)In my opinion, he is wasting time. 依我看，他在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

(2)In Charlie's opinion, Americans should eat less meat.

在查理看來，美國人應(yīng)該少吃一點(diǎn)肉。

(3)In the opinion of most people, there will be a good harvest time this autumn. 根據(jù)多數(shù)人的看法，今年秋天會有一個(gè)好收成。

[拓展]在英語中，in my opinion也可以說in my view，還可用I think／guess／feel等，但前者更為正式些。

2. waste vt. 糟蹋，浪費(fèi)，徒耗；毀壞，荒廢 n. 浪費(fèi)，徒耗；廢物，荒地

(1)Mother told me not to waste money. 母親告訴我別浪費(fèi)金錢。

(2)She always wastes her time on trifles. 她總是在瑣事上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

(3)The fields were wasted by a long drought. 那些田地由于久旱而荒廢了。

(4)It's a waste of money to buy that. 買那個(gè)東西是白浪費(fèi)金錢。

(5)A lot of waste from the factory is polluting the sea.

工廠排放出的大量廢棄物正在污染海洋。

3. pollute vt. 弄臟、污染

[例] A lot of rivers have been polluted. 許多河流已被污染。

pollute的名詞形式為pollution。

(1) air pollution 空氣污染

(2) environmental pollution 環(huán)境污染

(3)noise pollution 噪音污染

(4)water pollution 水污染

4. use n. 使用，利用，用

[搭配] It is (of) no use doing sth. = It is no use to do sth. 做……也是徒然。

be of use 有用，有效

come into use 開始使用

in use 使用之中，使用著

make(full，more)use of(充分、更多地)使用、利用

[例] (1)It's no use talking. 說是沒有用的。

(2)The medicine is of great use. 這藥很有效。

(3)Computers have come into use in the class. 電腦已開始應(yīng)用于課堂上了。

(4)The laboratory is in use until three o'clock.

實(shí)驗(yàn)室一直到二點(diǎn)鐘都有人使用。

(5)You should make the best use of this chance. 你該好好利用這次機(jī)會。

(6)He make use of his free time to learn French. 他利用空余時(shí)間來學(xué)法語。

5．though adv．可是；倒是；然而

[用法]though作副詞講，一般放在句尾，常用逗號與句子分開。

[例] (1)He said he would come, he didn't, though. 他說他會來，可是他并沒有來。

(2) He has a bit cold. It's nothing serious, though.

他有點(diǎn)感冒，不過不太嚴(yán)重。

[拓展]though作“雖然”“盡管”解時(shí)是連詞，連接一個(gè)表示讓步的狀語從句，從句可放在句句尾。

(1) Though it was so cold, he went out without a coat.

天氣雖然很冷，但是他卻沒穿外衣就出去了。

(2)He will come back for supper，though l don’t know when．

他要回來吃晚飯的，盡管我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

6．discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；看出

[例] (1)When we discover what this thing is, we must work until we succeed.

當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這事情是什么的時(shí)候，我們就必須堅(jiān)持下去直到成功。

(2) We discovered his mistakes too late.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他的錯(cuò)誤太晚了。

[辨析] discover與invent

(1)discover的對象是一直存在的，以往末被人們認(rèn)識或發(fā)現(xiàn)。

(2)invent是產(chǎn)生出以前沒有的東西。往往是物質(zhì)性的東西。

[例] (1) Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the light bulb.

吉爾伯特發(fā)現(xiàn)了電。但愛迪生發(fā)明了燈泡。

(2) Paper was invented in China.紙發(fā)明于中國。

(3) Who discovered America in 1492? 是誰在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸的呢?

discover和invent的名詞形式為discovery和invention

7．conduct vt.

[用法]conduct作動(dòng)詞為“指導(dǎo)、引導(dǎo)、指揮、傳導(dǎo)”等。

[例](1) He conducted me around the museum. 他帶領(lǐng)我參觀了博物館。

(2) The young man conducted the tour. 這位年輕人擔(dān)任該隊(duì)的導(dǎo)游。

(3) The concert on this evening will be conducted by a world-famous conductor．本周六的音樂會將由一位著名的世界級指揮家擔(dān)任指揮。

(4) The material can conduct electricity and heat.這種材料既導(dǎo)電又傳熱。

8．charge vt.

[用法]charge作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有多種詞義，具體含義要根據(jù)全句的意思。

[例](1) How much do you charge for a room with a bath?

一間帶浴室的房間要多少錢。

(2)They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee．

他們一杯咖啡向我要(價(jià))5美元。

(3)The teacher charged him with calling the roll. 老師指派他點(diǎn)名。

(4)Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal.

母親訓(xùn)誡我要誠實(shí)，不可偷竊。

(5)The frightened animal charged into the toy shop.

那只受了驚嚇的動(dòng)物沖進(jìn)了玩具店。

(6)It usually takes ten hours to get the condenser fully charged.

將那個(gè)蓄電器充滿通常要十個(gè)小時(shí)。

[拓展]charge也可用作名詞，變成很多短語。

[搭配]free of charge 免費(fèi)的，免費(fèi)地

in charge (of)... 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管

in (under) the charge of... 被……管理，由……管理

[例] (1)You get service free of charge. 你可得到免費(fèi)的服務(wù)。

(2)She is in charge of our class. 她擔(dān)任我們的班主任。

(3)The prisoner was in the charge of the guard.

= The guard was in charge of the prisoner. 囚犯由警衛(wèi)看管。

9. cross n. v.

[用法]cross作名詞為“十字形符號”“交叉點(diǎn)”“混合種／物”；作動(dòng)詞為“越過”“渡過”“交叉”。

[例](1) He wrote crosses on the wrong answers.他在錯(cuò)誤的答案上打“X”。

(2) A mule is a cross between a horse and an ass.騾是馬和驢的混合種。

(3) Cross the street/river/bridge/desert穿過馬路／渡河／過橋／穿過沙漠

(4) The two main roads cross in the center of the town.

那兩條主要道路于市中心交會。

10. sharp adj. adv.

[用法]sharp作形容詞時(shí)指①(刀具等的)鋒利；②(言詞等的)尖酸、刻薄；③(感覺)敏銳的；④(顏色、圖片)清晰的，鮮明的；作副詞指(時(shí)間)恰好正點(diǎn)。

[例] (1) The boy like to keep his pencil sharp.

那個(gè)男孩總是喜歡把鉛筆削得尖尖的。

(2) His sharp words seemed to hurt her. 他那些尖酸的話似乎傷害了她。

(3) Dogs have sharp ears. 狗具有靈敏的聽覺。

(4) There is something wrong with our TV. The picture is not very sharp.

我們的電視機(jī)有問題，圖像不是很清晰。

(5) He got home at seven o'clock sharp. 他七點(diǎn)整回到家。

11. tear n. vt. vi.

[用法](1)tear作名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。為“眼淚、淚水”.

(2)tear作動(dòng)詞時(shí)為“撕、扯”，過去式或過去分詞為tore，torn.

[例] (1)She shed tears when she was left alone in the room.

她獨(dú)自一個(gè)人在房間時(shí)，流下了眼淚。

(2)dry (wipe away) one's tears 擦干(試)眼淚

burst into tears 突然哭起來

in tears (adj. adv. ) 含淚、流著眼淚

(3)He tore the letter into pieces. 他把那封信撕成了碎片。

(4)This paper tears easily. 這紙容易撕破。

[搭配] tear sth. into pieces 將…….撕碎

tear sth. open 將……撕（扯）開

tear sth. in half 將……撕成兩半

tear sth. from (off, out of) 將……從……上撕下

tear down 扯下，拆毀

tear up 撕裂，撕毀

12. be made up of由……組成、構(gòu)成

[比較] be made from 由……制成(原材料看不出)

be made of 由……制成(原材料看得出)

be made into 把……制成……

be made in 在……生長(制造)

be made up of 由……組成(構(gòu)成)

[例] (1)Steel is made from iron. 鋼是由鐵煉成的。

(2)The bridge is made of steel. 這座橋是由鋼材造的。

(3)Bamboo is made into paper. 竹子可以造紙。

(4)This kind of TV set is made in China. 這種電視機(jī)是中國制造的。

(5)The team is made up of ten people. 這個(gè)小組由十個(gè)人組成。