2005年高考英語第二輪總復(fù)習(xí)講座之十Unit10 虛擬語氣

發(fā)布時間：2016-4-16 編輯：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

一、考點(diǎn)聚焦

1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中

（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式（be動詞的過去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語動詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動詞原形”。如：

If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If the had time, she should go with you.

（2）表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞”。如：

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

（3）表示與將來事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/

could might + 動詞原形。如；

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

（4）當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如：

If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)

以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式：

條件狀語從句主句

與過去事實(shí)相反 had + 過去分詞 should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動詞原形

與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形 Would/should/cold/might + 動詞原形

有時侯在使用時可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主語”。如：

Were I a boy, I would join the army.

Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.

Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句

（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。

①“wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是……就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would/could + 動詞原形”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish I had known the answer.

I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形或是動詞原形。如：

She suggested we (should)leave here at once.

The doctor ordered she should be operated.

（2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。

作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“（should） + 動詞原形”。如：

His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.

（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。

在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.

It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.

It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說人對這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：

It is pity that you can’t swim.

3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用

（1）虛擬語氣在as if/as though、even if/even though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時；指將來狀況則用過去將來時。如：

He did it as if he were an expert.

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

（2）虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。

這種從句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should + 動詞原形，意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該……”。如：

It’s time that I picked up my daughter.

It’s high time we were going.

（3）虛擬語氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：

If only I were a bird.

If only I had taken his advice.

（4）虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運(yùn)用。

①情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中。如：

It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

Would you be kind enough to close the door?

②用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如：

Would you like a cup of tea?

I would rather not tell you.

二、精典名題導(dǎo)解

選擇填空

1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)

A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken

解析：答案為C。本題考查的是as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句如果與事實(shí)一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實(shí)相反，前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時，因而本句是對一般現(xiàn)在時的虛擬，用were broken。

2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)

A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come

解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實(shí)相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時態(tài)是一般過去時的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。

3. -If he ___________, he ________that food.

-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)

A.was warned; would not take

B.had been warned; would not have taken

C.would be warned; had not taken

D.would have been warned; had not taken

解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知，他事先并沒有得到警告，表示過去時間的虛擬語氣，故選B。

三、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1. It's a pity I didn't attend the lecture,but how I wish I______.

A.did 　B.will 　C.would 　D.had

2. They______to get back earlier,but they missed the train.

A.had hoped 　B.have hoped 　C.hoped 　D.would hope

3. The teacher demanded that the exam______before eleven.

A.must finish 　B.would be finished 　C.be finished 　D.must be finished

4. He is talking so much about America as if he______there.

A.has been 　B.was 　C.been 　D.had been

5. Mother suggested that I______my homework first before watching TV.

A.did 　B.do 　C.shall do 　D.have done

6. His suggestion was that we______there by plane.

A.go 　B.to go 　C.should be going 　D.be going

7. The commander ordered that the wounded______to hospital right away.

A.to be sent 　B.send 　C.be sent 　D.sould send

8. If she had worked harder,she______.

A.would succeed 　B.had succeeded

C.should succeed 　D.would have succeeded

9. Without electricity,human life______quite different today.

A.is 　B.would be 　C.will be 　D.would have been

10. -Did Mr.Green scold her for her mistakes?

-Yes,but he______that.

A.shouldn't have done that 　B.should do

C.shouldn't do 　D.should have done

11. -Do you have a theatre ticket for tonight?

-No,but I wish I______.

A.do 　B.will 　C.have 　D.did

12. He______the test,but he wasn't careful enough.

A.could have passed 　B.were able to pass

C.must have passed 　D.might be able to pass

13. Without your help,we______so much.

A.will not achieve 　B.didn't achieve

C.would not have achieved 　D.don't achieve

14. -Was the housemaster strict?

-Yes,He requested that we______television on week nights.

A.must not to watch 　B.not watch

C.not be watching 　D.have not watched

15. -Why didn't you go to the dance last night?

-If I______tired,I would have.

A.haven't 　B.hadn't 　C.haven't been 　D.hadn't been

16. If he______,he______that foo　D.

A.had been warned;would not have taken

B.was warned;would not take

C.would be warned;had taken

D.would have been warned;had not taken

17. ______for your knowledge of the language,I should have been completely lost.

A.Hadn't it been 　B.If it were not

C.Had it not been 　D.Has it been not

18. If only you______the plan.

A.had carried out 　B.carry out 　C.carrying out 　D.carried out

19. ______your help,I would have passed the examination.

A.Without 　B.With 　C.But for 　D.If I had

20. I'd rather you______there yesterday.I'd rather you______there tomorrow.

A.didn't go;went 　B.hadn't gone;should go

C.didn't go;should go 　D.hadn't gone;went

21. The woman treats the boy as if he______her son.

A.were 　B.are 　C.is 　D.was

22. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if(though)it______.

A.breaks 　B.were broken 　C.has broken 　D.has been broken

23. Look at the clouds.It looks as if it______rain.

A.will 　B.would 　C.is going to 　D.were

24. I lost my way to your house,otherwise(or)I______you about it much earlier.

A.had told 　B.have told 　C.should tell 　D.would have told

25. The smile on his face suggested that he______.

A.had found 　B.should find 　C.had lost 　D.should have found

26. It is natural that he______change his min　D.

A.will 　B.should 　C.can 　D.ought to

27. What do you think of the proposal that we______a play at the English evening?

A.will put on 　B.must put on 　C.should put on 　D.can put on

28. It is about time you______the pills.

A.will take 　B.must take 　C.taken 　D.should take

29. It's high time we______.

A.started 　B.starting 　C.to start 　D.would start

30. I'm sorry that he______in such poor health.

A.would be 　B.should be 　C.will be 　D.shall be

31. Here's some money in case you______it.

A.needed 　B.needing 　C.should need 　D.to need

32. But for the storm,we______long go.

A.should have arrived 　B.will arrive 　C.arrive 　D.arrived

33. The old lady dresses as if it______winter even in summer.

A.will be 　B.would be 　C.is 　D.were

34. I will take a taxi;so that I______there in time.

A.got 　B.could get 　C.would get 　D.will get

35. I'd rather you______anything about it for the time being.

A.do 　B.don't 　C.didn't do 　D.didn't

36. How nice it______if you______a bit longer.

A.would be;could stay 　B.will be;could stay

C.will be;can stay 　D.would be;can stay

37. He______you more help,but he has been so busy.

A.has given 　B.would give 　C.will give 　D.could have given

38. I could go myself but I would sooner you______.

A.go 　B.went 　C.had gone 　D.has gone

39. ______tomorrow,he would get home before Wednesday.

A.Would he leave 　B.Was he leaving

C.If he leaves 　D.Were he to leave

40. Should it rain,the crops______.

A.would be saved 　B.would have been saved

C.will be saved 　D.had been saved

參考答案

1-10 DACDB ACDBA 11-20 CBCAD BCADB

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