作者：籍萬杰
名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。其用法復雜,考查面廣、量大,是同學們頗感棘手的語法項目,也是歷年來高考的重點之一。現在讓我們走近名詞性從句,剖析其考查熱點,探索其命題規律。
一、考查名詞性從句的語序
不管主句的語氣如何,名詞性從句總是使用陳述語序。
[原題再現]
No one can be sure ________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
答案是A。
二、 考查it作形式主語的用法
英語中為了使句子保持平衡,常用先行詞it代替主語從句,而把主語從句放到句子的后面。
[原題再現]
________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This
C. That D. It
答案是D。
三、 考查關聯詞的正確選用
這是近幾年高考的重中之重。解決這一問題可以從以下幾點入手:
1.依據"缺什么補什么"的原則確定正確的連詞
認真分析句子成分,看從句中缺什么成分,再根據語境和語義,選用恰當的連詞。如果從句中缺少主語,指人用who,指物則用what;如缺賓語,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺時間狀語用when;地點狀語用where;原因狀語用why;方式狀語用how;定語用what或which;如果從句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:
I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主語,指人用who)
I know what should be done and what shouldn't be done.(缺主語,指物用what)
I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用that)
Where he will go is still unknown.(缺地點狀語,用where)
I don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定語,用what或which)
[原題再現]
-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that ________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when
C. what D. where
答案是A。
2.注意幾組易混連詞的使用
1) what與that
這是高考測試的一對熱點連詞,同學們一定要將其掌握。that引導名詞性從句時僅起連接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在賓語從句中外一般不可省略;what引導名詞性從句時,除起連接作用外,還在句子中擔任主語、賓語、表語等句子成分。
[原題再現]
________ he said is true.
A. What B. That
C. Which D. Whether
答案是A。
2) whether與if
whether與if在引導動詞的賓語從句時,兩者一般可以互換,但在引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句以及作介詞賓語的賓語從句或后面直接跟or not時,只能用whether。
[原題再現]
________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
答案是B 。
3) "wh-+ever"與"wh-""wh-+ever"引起的名詞性從句不含疑問意義,相當于名詞/代詞后加一個定語從句;而"wh-"如what, which, who, whom, when, where等除與前一種從句有相同的含義之外,還都有疑問意義。
[原題再現]
① Eat ________ cake you like and leave the others for ________ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
② ________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
③ It's a matter of ________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
答案分別是C D A。
3.同位語從句與定語從句的區別
同位語從句和定語從句都跟在名詞后,極易為某些同學混淆。同位語從句是用來對前面的名詞解釋說明的,而定語從句是用來對先行詞加以限制的;引導同位語從句的that在從句中不作任何成分,而引導定語從句的關系代詞that則在定語從句中擔任主語或賓語。
[原題再現]
① Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
② Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
答案分別是DB。第①題是定語從句,第②題是同位語從句。
《名詞性從句考點透視》一文,以往屆高考試題為例,對該語法項目的考點進行了透徹的分析。請做下面的習題,檢測一下自己對此語法項目的掌握情況。
1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________ .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who are they D. who it is
2. ________ she couldn't understand was ________ fewer and fewer students were interested in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
3. -We haven't heard from Jane for a long time.
- ________ has happened to her?
A. Do you suppose that B. What do you suppose
C. Do you think that D. What you think
4. I don't care ________ she has no money. I care ________ she is honest or not.
A. if; when B. whether; that C. if; whether D. what; if
5. Word came ________ the PLA man approached the child slowly and helped him to safety.
A. since B. so that C. that D. why
6. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe ________ he says.
A. whatever B. no matter what C. how D. which
7. The fact troubles me so much ________ I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now.
A. which B. because C. why D. that
8. See to ________ the children don't catch cold.
A. it what B. it that C. what D. that
9. He, ________ is playing an important part, is well-known to us all.
A. that who B. those who C. who that D. who
10. It matters little ________ a man dies, but ________ matters so much more is ________ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. which; what; that
11. Pointing to the house, he said, "This is ________ I used to live when I was young."
A. when B. what C. that D. where
12. After ten years, he had changed a lot and looked different from ________ he used to be.
A. why B. which C. what D. who
13. Father made a promise ________ I passed the examination, he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if that C. whether D. that if
14. -What about the speech he made this afternoon?
- ________ he said so must be quite encouraging, I think.
A. What B. That C. / D. All
15. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A. in which B. which C. that D. whose
16. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized exams, there is
often disagreement as to ________ is the better student, Bob or Helen.
A. who B. where C. when D. whose
17. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ________ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska
18. The boy dived into the water and, after ________ seemed to be a long time, he
came up again.
A. what B. that C. it D. which
19. ________ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on ________ we learn and ________ we learn it.
A. Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why
C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how
20. Although most of them have no doubt ________ he will pass the exam, I still wonder ________ he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that B. that; whether
C. that; that D. whether; whether
key: 1-5 DABCC 6-10 ADBDA 11-15 DCDBC 16-20 ADAAB