作者：楊瑤
定語從句一直是高考測試的重點和熱點。本文結合高考試題對定語從句的易考點進行歸納總結,希望對同學們備考有所幫助。
一、 考查關系詞的基本用法
關系詞是用在定語從句中來代替先行詞的,選擇關系詞的關鍵是看先行詞在定語從句中作何成分。作主語、賓語或表語時,用關系代詞,指人用who (賓格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作狀語,則選用關系副詞,分別用when, where, why代替時間、地點、原因狀語;如果先行詞在定語從句中作定語,則不管指人還是指物,都可用whose。
[原題再現]
I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
答案: C
[解析]關系副詞where在定語從句中作地點狀語。
二、考查as和which引導非限制性定語從句,用來代替整個主句或主句中的一部分內容的用法
二者的區別是:
1. as引導的從句可放在主句之前、之后或中間,而which引導的從句則不能放在主句之前。
2. 當從句謂語動詞是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被動形式或usually happen, be often the case等表示主句的習慣性或司空見慣之意時,常用as。
3. 當從句的謂語動詞是否定形式或謂語帶的是一個復合賓語結構時,一般用which而不用as。
[原題再現]
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
答案: D
[解析]關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句,指代前面整個句子。
三、 考查"介詞 + 關系代詞"引導定語從句的用法
當先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時,往往可以把介詞放在關系代詞之前,構成"介詞 + 關系代詞(whom / which)"結構。但一些短語動詞(如look after等)中的介詞不能與動詞分開,故不能放在關系代詞之前。
[原題再現]
American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequenthy.
答案:D
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
[解析]關系代詞whom在定語從句中作介詞with的賓語,talk with sb.意為"與某人談話"。
四、 考查分隔式定語從句的用法
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面,但有些時候也會被同位語、狀語、謂語、其它定語等成分分隔。此時能夠理清句子結構,慧眼識別先行詞就顯得特別重要。
[原題再現]
The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
答案:C
[解析]先行詞為the hours,關系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語。
五、考查定語從句與其它句子的區別
定語從句易與狀語從句、同位語從句、并列句以及強調結構等混淆,在做題時要細心識別。
[原題再現]
① The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
答案: C
[解析] 本題中的where是從屬連詞,引導的是地點狀語從句。若引導定語從句,其前應加上先行詞at the place。
②A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
答案:D
[解析]本題中that引導的是同位語從句。that引導同位語從句時,在句子中不作任何成分,而在定語從句中則要作主語、賓語或表語。
③ The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
答案: B
[解析] it... before是常用句型。
④ It was for this reason ________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
答案:C
[解析] 強調結構與其它從句的區別是去掉"It is / was... that..."后句子依然成立。本題是強調句式。