●語篇領悟
閱讀本單元課文，完成下列各題：
§1.1細枝末節
(Passage 1)
1.The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is _____.
A.the shortage of arable land B.lack of labor force
C.lack of technology D.lack of money
【答案】 A
2.Scientists have started to develop new technology to increase agricultural production without harming the environment since _____.
A.the 19th century B.modern times
C.the early 1990s D.the 1980s
【答案】 C
3.New techniques are those which can _____.
A.increase agricultural production
B.protect the environment from being harmed
C.bring in great profit
D.not only increase agriculture production but also be friendly to the environment
【答案】 D
(Passage 2)
4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.Jia Sixie was the earliest agricultural scientist.
B.The knowledge in Qi Min Yao Shu is not useful for farmers today.
C.Jia Sixie's book is a practical guide to farming.
D.Jia Sixie's book deals with only farming.
【答案】 C
5.Jia Sixie's book includes advice on the following subjects except _____.
A.making wine B.keeping cows,sheep and fish
C.growing vegetables and trees D.making food
【答案】 D
6.The best harvest is reached when _____.
A.farmers change the crops in their fields
B.farmers plough the soil deeper
C.farmers sow seed at the correct time of the year
D.much fertilizer is put into the fields
【答案】 A
§1.2 主旨大意
7.Passage 1 mainly tells us about _____.
A.farmers in China B.the development of agriculture in China
C.advanced technology in China D.genetically modified plants in China
【答案】 B
8.Passage 2 is mainly about _____.
A.farming in China B.gardening in China
C.the history of agriculture in China D.Jia Sixie and his Qi Min Yao Shu
【答案】 D
§1.3 推理判斷
9.Which of the following is most probable in future agriculture according to Text 1?
A.Only high technology is used.
B.It will greatly harm the environment.
C.It will depend on only traditional methods.
D.It will depend on both high technology and traditional methods.
【答案】 D
10.From Text 2 we can see that _____.
A.traditional methods are still of great use B.traditional methods should be given up
C.traditional methods are of no use D.traditional methods are out of date
【答案】 A
●知識記憶
§2.1 知識網絡
1.effect n.效果，效力；功效
I tried to persuade her,but without effect.
我試圖勸他，但是無效。
effect后通常接介詞on或upon。
Her new red dress produced quite an effect on everyone.
她的新紅衣服會對大家產生相當的影響。
The incident had a good effect on her.
那件事對她有良好的影響。
My advice did not have much effect on him.
我的勸告對他沒有什么效果。
effect常構成以下短語：
of (no) effect“有（無）效”，相當于(not) effective。如：
The idea is of no effect,I think.
我認為這主意沒用。
bring/carry…into/to effect“實行，實施”。如：
These measures will not be brought into effect until next month.
這些措施要到下個月才實施。
come/go into effect“開始實施，開始生效”。如：
The law came into effect on October 15.
那項法律于10月15日生效。
take effect“生效，奏效”。如：
The medicine didn't take effect.
那種藥并沒有產生效用。
2.depend vi.依靠；依賴
常構成短語depend on/upon“依靠，依賴，指望”，后可接名詞、動名詞的復合結構、不定式的復合結構或從句。
You cannot depend on your parents forever.
你不能永遠依賴你的父母。
The map is a thing to be depended on when you are in a strange place.
在陌生的地方你就得靠地圖。
You may depend upon her arriving on time.
你可以相信她會準時來到。
You can't depend on him to come in time.
你不能指望他會準時來。
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我們的成敗取決于每個人是否努力工作。
還可構成句型depend on/upon it that…，意為“指望……，對……不懷疑”。如：
You may depend on it that she will help you.
你可以相信她會幫助你的。
You may depend on it that he will join our club.
你可以不用懷疑他會加入我們俱樂部。
depending on“根據，依靠”，這是depend on的現在分詞形式，常用作方式狀語。如：
The climate changes depending on the area.
We'll decide whether to hold the sports meet depending on the weather.
That/It (all) depends.“這很難說；得看情況�！�
I may help you,but that depends.
我也許會幫助你，但得視情況而定。
3.short of缺乏，不足；此短語一般在句中作表語。
We didn't buy anything because we were short of money.
我們什么都沒有買，因為我們缺錢。
The company is short of skilled workers.
這家公司缺乏技術工人。
We are short of hands.我們人手不足。
有時用go/run short of代替be short of。
We have run short of money.我們沒錢花了。
The car went short of petrol.
那輛汽車沒有油了。
short of還作“達不到，尚差”解，通常用作狀語。
It was still five minutes short of the hour.
還差五分鐘才到時間。
We stopped a mile short of the top.
我們在離山頂一英里處停下來。
注：shortage of“缺乏，不足”，是名詞短語，常作主語或賓語等。
The shortage of fuel is the problem.
燃料不足是問題所在。
There is a shortage of grain because of poor crops.
由于收成不好而出現糧食短缺。
He mentioned the shortage of food in the flooded area.
他提到了災區缺少食品的問題。
4.stand for
(1)代表，象征
What does “WTO” stand for?
“WTO”代表什么？
GNP stands for gross national product.
“GNP”代表國民生產總值。
(2)忍受，忍耐（多用于否定句）
I won't stand for any more of your rudeness.
我不能再容忍你的無禮。
I wouldn't stand for being treated as a child.
我不會容許被當做小孩看待。
(3)主張，提倡
I stand for freedom of speech for everyone.
我主張人人都有言論自由。
John always stands for what is right.
約翰總是提倡正確的東西。
5.guide n.指南；導游；向導
We explored the cave,Peter acting as a guide.
You need a guide to show you the city.
guide后常接介詞to，意為“……的指南，……的向導”。如：
a guide to the British Museum大英博物館指南
a guide to medieval literature中世紀文學手冊
6.condition n.狀態，健康狀況，條件
The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
那些宇航員很快就習慣了失重狀態。
The condition of my health prevents me from working hard.
我的身體條件使我不能努力工作。
in good condition“狀況良好，保存得好”；in poor condition“狀況不佳，破爛不堪”。如：
People who take part in sports must keep in good condition.
參加運動的人必須保持良好的狀態。
The house is in poor condition.It needs to be repaired.
那房子已破舊了，需要維修了。
in condition“身體好，健康”；out of condition“身體不好，不健康”。如：
Walk to work every day and you'll soon be back in condition.
每天步行去上班，你就會很快恢復健康的。
Mike is out of condition because he never takes any exercise.
麥克身體不好，因為他從不鍛煉。
on one condition“有一個條件”。如：
She will join us on one condition: we divide all the profits equally.
她可能會入我們的股，但有一個條件，就是我們要平分利潤。
on condition that“如果，條件是，只要”，后接從句。如：
You may borrow the book,on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.
你可以借這本書，條件是你不能再借給別人。
注：condition常用復數形式，意為“環境，形勢”。
in/under favourable conditions在有利的形勢下
What are housing conditions like in your country now?
現在你們國家的住房形勢怎么樣？
7.remove vt.拿開，移動；脫掉，摘掉；去掉，開除
He removed his desk to another office.
他把辦公桌搬到了另一個辦公室。
Please remove your bag from the seat so that I can sit down.
請把你的書包拿開讓我坐下。
He removed his wet coat before he entered the room.
他脫下濕大衣，走進了房間。
I recognized him after he removed his dark glasses.
他摘掉墨鏡后我才認出他來。
They removed my name from the name list.
他們把我的名字從名單上除掉。
His remarks did little to remove my doubts/fears.
他的話沒能打消我的疑慮/恐懼。
The player was removed from the team.
那個隊員被球隊開除了。
8.bring in引進；帶進來；賺錢
New ideas have been brought in since China was opened to the outside world.
中國自從對外開放以來，引進了很多新的思想。
They have brought in a new fashion.
他們引進一種新的潮流。
Bring the washing in;it looks like rain.
把洗好的(在晾的)衣服收起來，好像要下雨了。
Don't bring Tom in.He'll do nothing to help.
不要讓湯姆摻和進來，他不起任何作用。
The thief was brought in,with his hands tied back.
那個賊雙手反綁著被帶了進來。
The sale of his new record brought in 1 million dollars.
他的新唱片的銷售賺了一百萬美金。
He brings in an extra hundred dollars a month from his new job.
他的新工作使他每個月多賺100美元。
9.go against
(1)違背，違反
She went against her father's will.
她違背了爸爸的意愿。
It goes against my wishes to leave the country.
離開這個國家不是我的意愿。
If you go against nature,you will be punished sooner or later.
如果你違背自然規律，你遲早會受到懲罰。
(2)對……不利
Luck has gone against him.他不走運。
The case may go against us.
案件可能不利于我們。
The game is going against the visiting team.
這場比賽對客隊不利。
§2.2發散思維
1.It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
就是在這些耕地上中國農民為全國的人口生產食物。
這是一個強調句型。強調句型可對句中除謂語動詞外的任何成分進行強調，其結構為：“It is(was)+強調部分+that(who)…”。如果被強調的部分是“人”，則可用who或that。如：
I met John in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上遇見了約翰。
→It was I who/that met John in the street yesterday.(強調主語)
→It was John that/who I met in the street yesterday.(強調賓語)
→It was in the street that I met John yesterday.(強調地點狀語，不可用where)
→It was yesterday that I met John in the street.(強調時間狀語，不可用when)
使用強調句型應注意的問題：
（1）強調主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要與被強調的部分一致（即與原主語一致）。
It is I who/that am your true friend.我才是你真正的朋友。
（2）如果對not…until 時間狀語進行強調時，這個not必須移到until前邊去。如：
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
本句不能寫成：
It was until she took off her dark glasses that I didn't realize she was a famous film star.
2.as well as和……一樣好；(除……之外)又，不但……而且
She cooks as well as her mother does.
她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。
She sings as well as she plays.(=Her singing is as good as her playing.)
她彈得好，唱得也好。
The child is lively as well as healthy.
這孩子既健康又活潑。
Air,as well as water,is needed to make plants grow.
空氣跟水都是植物生長所必需的東西。
As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.
他不但摔斷了腿，而且還傷了胳膊。
We shall travel by night as well as by day.
我們將日夜趕路。
注：as well as連接并列主語時，謂語動詞要隨前面的主語的人稱、數而變化。
His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.
不但他太太，連他的孩子們都被邀請參加了那次聚會。
as well adv.又，另外也，同樣
He knows German as well.他也懂德語。
He sent me a letter and some money as well.
他寄給我一封信，外加一些錢。
He gave me money as well as advice.(He gave me advice,and money as well.)
他給我忠告，并給我錢。
Give me those as well.把那些也給我。
●基礎鞏固
§3.1 漢英翻譯
1.從國外引進……__________
【答案】 bring in sth.from abroad
2.高科技以及傳統方法__________
【答案】 high technology as well as traditional methods
3.缺乏耕地__________
【答案】 shortage of arable land
4.各種各樣的__________
【答案】 a variety of
5.花時間研究農業__________
【答案】 spend time on research into agriculture
6.造酒的指導__________
【答案】 instructions for making wine
7.一本實用的農業指導用書__________
【答案】 a practical guide to farming
8.在每年適當的時間__________
【答案】 at the right time of the year
9.違背自然規律__________
【答案】 go against nature
10.年復一年__________
【答案】 year after year
§3.2 單項填空
1.Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with because it has a bad effect _____ the blood.
A.to B.for C.in D.on
【解析】 have effect on是習語，意為“對……有影響”。
【答案】 D
2.Doctors are developing _____ for treating this disease.
A.a new technique B.new technique C.a new technology D.new technology
【解析】 technique是可數名詞；technology是不可數名詞。
【答案】 A
3.How much a person can earn at this work depends _____ his skill.
A.to B.at C.on D.in
【解析】 depend on是固定短語。
【答案】 C
4.The school is quite _____ teachers,so it has to engage teachers here and there.
A.lack of B.short of C.lack for D.short for
【解析】 be short of“缺少，缺乏”；lack of是名詞短語，不可用作表語。
【答案】 B
5.-What does P.O._____?
-Postal order,I guess.
A.call for B.wait for C.prepare for D.stand for
【解析】 call for“需要”;wait for“等候”;prepare for“為……作準備”;stand for“代表”。
【答案】 D
6.We've got to be _____ and buy only what we can afford.
A.real B.actual C.practical D.true
【解析】 practical“現實的，實際的”，符合題意。
【答案】 C
7.-What can I do for you,sir?
-I need a guide _____ Italy.I'm going there for a visit next week.I want to learn something about the country.
A.of B.for C.to D.in
【解析】 a guide to Italy“一本意大利指南手冊”。
【答案】 C
8.You are not in good health,I think.You could improve your _____ by running every day.
A.position B.situation C.condition D.energy
【解析】 condition可指“身體健康狀況”。
【答案】 C
9.The company managed to keep up their sales of clothes this summer by _____ a new fashion.
A.bringing on B.bringing about C.bringing in D.bringing out
【解析】 bring on“造成”;bring about“引起”;bring in“引進，引入”;bring out“拿出”。
【答案】 C
10.In _____,when he was in _____,he went to the south to seek his fortune.
A.the 1980s;his twenties B.the 1980s;the twenties
C.1980s;twenties D.1980s;the twenties
【解析】 in the 1980s“在二十世紀八十年代”；in one's twenties“在某人二十多歲的時候”。
【答案】 A
11.-Do you mind if I _____ the mistakes in your composition?
-No,of course not.
A.pick up B.pick out C.point out D.put out
【解析】 point out“指出（錯誤、缺點、毛病等）”。pick out“挑出（好的東西）”。
【答案】 C
12.These clothes must be _____ to dry without sunshine after it's washed.
A.hanged up B.hanging up C.hang up D.hung up
【解析】 be hung up“被掛起來”；be hanged up“被絞死”。
【答案】 D
13.When the telephone rang,he just _____ and went to sleep again.
A.turned off B.turned up C.turned down D.turned over
【解析】 turn over“翻身，翻過來”。
【答案】 D
14._____ instructions for making wine included in this book?
A.Are B.Have C.Do D.Will
【解析】 由題意知，這句話用了被動語態，故答案為A。
【答案】 A
15._____ those college students come to see the old man who has no son or daughter.They find he grows weaker _____.
A.Year after year;year by year B.Year by year;year after year
C.Year after year;year after year D.Year by year;year by year
【解析】 year after year強調動作的重復，而year by year強調動作的變化。
【答案】 A
§3.3 介詞、副詞填空
1.It is _____ this arable land that the farmers produce food _____ the whole population of China.
【答案】 on;for
2._____ the 1990s scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production _____ harming the environment.
【答案】 From;without
3.The shortage _____ arable land is the biggest problem _____ Chinese farmers.
【答案】 of;of
4.Vegetables are protected _____ the wind,rain and insects in greenhouses,where the temperature is controlled _____ computers.
【答案】 from;with
5.Jia Sixie's book is a practical guide _____ farming,which tells people to do things _____ the right time of the year.
【答案】 to;at
6.Some people think wheat should be planted _____ space _____ the plants.
【答案】 with;between
7.The new tomato can grow _____ danger _____ diseases.It also needs much less time to get ripe.
【答案】 without;from
8.Chemical fertilizers are harmful _____ the environment.So future agriculture must depend _____ high technology.
【答案】 to;on
9.Advanced technical information was brought _____ _____ abroad to help Chinese farmers improve their production.
【答案】 in;from
10.This kind of tomato was developed using a technique known _____ GM,which stands _____ “Genetically Modified”.
【答案】 as;for
§3.4 句型轉換
完成B句，使其與A句意思相同或相近。（每空一詞）
1.A.Future agriculture should not only depend on traditional methods but also high technology.
B.Future agriculture should depend on high technology _____ _____ _____ traditional methods.
【答案】 as well as
2.A.You will not succeed even though you try your best.
B.You will not succeed _____ _____ _____ hard you try.
【答案】 no matter how
3.A.This country can not produce enough food for its people because it has not enough arable land.
B._____ _____ _____ arable land makes it impossible for this country to produce enough food for its people.
【答案】 The shortage of
4.A.If you go against nature,you will have to do more work.
B._____ against nature,_____ you will have to do more work.
【答案】 Go;and
5.A.He didn't make progress until he used a new technique.
B._____ _____ not until he used a new technique _____ he _____ progress.
【答案】 It was;that;made
§3.5 單句改錯
下列句子均有一處錯誤（或多一詞；或缺一詞；或錯一詞），請找出并加以改正。
1.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong one may stay up.
【答案】 one改為ones
2.Those who against the plan please raise your hands.
【答案】 who后加are
3.Dick's still in the office.He must be busy for some important work.
【答案】 for改為with
4.After being washed,the clothes should be hanged up in the sunlight.
【答案】 hanged改為hung
5.He spends most of his time doing a research in his lab.
【答案】 去掉a
6.He told me that he would leave Shanghai next day.
【答案】 next前加the
7.They asked him it was necessary to remove seeds now and then.
【答案】 it前加if
8.He pointed out that was important to remove seeds before sowing seeds in the soil.
【答案】 that改為it
9.China is the first country studied the science of agriculture.
【答案】 studied改為to study
10.She had no idea where Coke lived except that his house was near to a church.
【答案】 near改為next或去掉to
●思路開拓
實戰類例
1.They had a pleasant chat _____ a cup of tea.
A.for B.with C.during D.over
【解析】 本題考查介詞的用法區別。題意是“他們一邊喝咖啡，一邊愉快地交談”。介詞over有“（在飲食、工作時）一邊……一邊”之意。如：We discussed it over a bottle of wine.“我們一邊喝酒一邊討論這件事�！逼渌麕讉�介詞均沒有此意，故答案為D。另外，over亦可表示時間，意為“在……期間；一直到……結束；……以來”，如：Are you staying in London over Christmas?“你要呆在倫敦一直到過了圣誕節嗎？”The desert extends northward over time.“這沙漠隨時間在不斷向北延伸。”American English has changed over the centuries,too.“幾個世紀以來，美國英語也發生了變化�！監ver the years she has become more and more patient.“這些年來，她變得越來越有耐心�！�
【答案】 D
2.-Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?
-It _____.
A.all depends B.is all depended C.is all depending D.all depends on
【解析】 本題考查習慣用語。題意是：“今年寒假和我一起去滑雪吧？”“那得看情況而定�！薄癐t (all) depends.”或“That's (all) depends.”是英語口語中的習慣表達，意為“那得看情況而定；這可說不定；這也難說”。如：I may help you,but that depends.“我也許會幫助你，但得視情況而定�！盨ometimes we're busy and sometimes we're not.It all depends,you see.“有時我們很忙，有時不忙，這很難說�！惫蚀鸢笧锳。
【答案】 A
3.Not only _____ interested in football but _____ beginning to show an interest in it.
A.the teacher himself is;all his students are
B.the teacher himself is;are all his students
C.is the teacher himself;are all his students
D.is the teacher himself;all his students are
【解析】 本題考查倒裝結構。題意是“不僅老師自己對足球感興趣，他所有的學生也開始對足球有興趣了”。英語中如否定副詞或否定代詞放在句首，句子要部分倒裝，即將助動詞、系動詞或情態動詞置于主語之前。如：Never have I been to America so far.因此，not only…but (also)…句式如果把not only放在句首，句子就要用倒裝結構，但只是前一分句倒裝，后一分句不能倒裝。故答案為D。
【答案】 D
4.The pianos in the other shop will be _____,but _____.
A.cheaper;not as better B.more cheaper;not as better
C.cheaper;not as good D.more cheap;not as good
【解析】 本題考查形容詞的比較級用法。比較級常見的兩種表達法：一是“比較級+than…”結構；二是“as+原級+as…”結構，否定為“not as/so+原級+as…”。兩種結構有時根據上下文可采用省略形式，即可省略than或第二個as。該題題意是“另一家商店的鋼琴會便宜些，但不如這家商店的好”�？芍猙ut后應為否定的原級比較“not as good as those in this shop”。又因cheap的比較級形式是cheaper，不是more cheap，故答案為C。又如：This kind of paper was as soft and light as silk but much less expensive.（后省略了“than silk”）。試做下面兩個題目：
①It was not only you who made so many mistakes.I made just _____.
A.many B.so many C.as many D.much more
(答案:C)
②John is half a head shorter than his wife but 50 kg _____.
A.as much B.heavier C.heavy D.so heavy
(答案:B)
【答案】 C
5.Don't use words,expressions,or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A.being known B.having been known
C.to be known D.known
【解析】 本題考查過去分詞作定語的用法。題意是“不要使用只有具有專業知識的人才能懂的詞、習語或短語”。因為know和words,expressions,or phrases之前是被動關系，所以應用表被動意義的動詞形式。A項是現在分詞的被動語態，表正在進行的某被動動作，相當于which are being known；B項是現在分詞完成式的被動式，通常只能用作時間狀語，不能作定語；C項是不定式的被動語態，常表示將來的動作；D項是過去分詞，作定語時表示該動作與前面的名詞具有被動關系，此時可換為一定語從句which are known。由題意知答案為D。
【答案】 D
●聽力時空
§5.1 第一節
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
M:Kate,your schoolbag is heavier than Jane's and mine.
W:Yes,Bob.But Lucy's is even heavier.
1.Whose schoolbag is the heaviest?
A.Bob's. B.Kate's C.Lucy's.
【答案】 C
M:What shall we do today?
W:I don't feel like going out.The weather is too wet.
M:Personally,I'm planning to visit a clothes show,but I'd love to stay with you.
2.Where do they go in the end?
A.Go to a clothes show.
B.Stay at home.
C.Go shopping.
【答案】 B
M:Do you mind if I smoke here?
W:Sorry,not here.Go ahead at the corner please.
3.What does the woman mean?
A.You can't smoke anywhere.
B.Just smoke here.
C.Please smoke over there.
【答案】 C
W:Is the exhibition far away from here?
M:No,it takes only 10 minutes by bike.
4.How long will it take to get there if you go on foot?
A.About 10 minutes.
B.About half an hour.
C.At least one hour.
【答案】 B
M:What do you think of the movie we saw last night?
W:I have never seen a worse film than that one.
5.How does the woman feel about the movie?
A.The best movie she has ever seen.
B.Worse than the last movie.
C.The worst movie she has ever seen.
【答案】 C
§5.2 第二節
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后 ，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段對話，回答第6~8題。
W:Five kilos of potatoes and a watermelon,please.
M:Here you are,madam.
W:How much is that?
M:You can have them for nothing.
W:Nothing?Why?
M:It's my birthday.
W:Oh,I see.
M:I've decided to be nice to everyone today.
W:Well,thank you very much!
M:I would like a birthday present,of course.
W:Oh…I'm afraid I haven't got anything…
M:It's all right.I'll take some money and buy something for myself.
W:Oh…OK.Here's ￡5.
M:Thank you,madam.
6.Why does the man say the lady may take the potatoes and watermelon for nothing?
A.These things are not valuable.
B.He's joking.
C.They have known each other for a long time.
【答案】 B
7.What is the possible price of the potatoes actually?
A.￡1 a kilo. B.￡2 a kilo. C.Less than ￡1 a kilo.
【答案】 C
8.How does the woman feel when she leaves the store?
A.Funny. B.Unhappy. C.Satisfied.
【答案】 A
聽第7段對話，回答第9～11題。
M:I'd like to see you off,Jane,but I can't get to the airport until five o'clock.
W:I'm afraid I'll have left by then.My plane takes off at 4：30.
M:What a pity!You're going straight to Washington,aren't you?
W:No,I'm staying with my sister in New York.She isn't there at the moment but she'll have arrived by Monday morning.I'll spend a couple of weeks with her and then go to Washington.Classes will already have started by then.
M:Well,I wish you luck.
9.When will the plane take off?
A.At 5：00. B.At 4：30. C.At 5：30.
【答案】 B
10.Where is Jane going?
A.She is going straight to New York.
B.She is going straight to Washington.
C.She is going to New York then to Washington.
【答案】 C
11.What is Jane probably going to do in Washington?
A.To go to school. B.To go to work. C.To stay with her sister.
【答案】 A
聽第8段對話，回答第12~14題。
W:Excuse me,Mr.Green.I'd like to take a few days off.
M:What's the matter,Alice?
W:My mother is ill.I have to take care of her.
M:Oh,dear!I'm sorry to hear that.Is there anything I can do to help?
W:No,thank you.My mother has caught a bad cold.She has a high fever and coughs day and night.The doctor says my mother has to be in hospital for a few days.I'd like to be with her.
M:I understand.How long will you be away?
W:I hope to be back next Wednesday.
M:That's all right.But you must write a note for permission to be away.
W:Thank you,Mr.Green.That's very kind of you.I'll write it immediately.
M:Don't worry about your lessons.I'll certainly help you with them.
12.Why did Alice want to take a few days off?
A.She was ill.
B.She had to look after her mother.
C.She'd like to play with her mother.
【答案】 B
13.What is Alice?
A.A student. B.A worker. C.A nurse.
【答案】 A
14.What should she write to have a few days off?
A.A notice.
B.A note for permission to be away.
C.An announcement.
【答案】 B
聽第9段獨白，回答第15~17題。
Mrs.Nelson likes going shopping very much and often makes a day of it.Mr.Nelson prefers to stay home,but sometimes asks Mrs.Nelson to look for an item and find out its price for him.One morning as Mrs.Nelson was leaving for shopping,she asked her husband if he wanted her to look at anything.“Yes,dear,”he replied.“Your watch!”
15.What does Mrs.Nelson enjoy?
A.Going fishing. B.Going shopping. C.Cooking.
【答案】 B
16.What does Mr.Nelson prefer?
A.To read newspapers and magazines.
B.To go hunting.
C.To stay home.
【答案】 C
17.What did Mr.Nelson want his wife to do one morning?
A.He wanted her to come back earlier.
B.He asked her to buy a watch.
C.He asked her to have his watch repaired.
【答案】 A
聽第10段獨白，回答第18~20題。
Some reports from the western world say a grown-up person needs ten to twenty grams of salt a day.In our country,some people follow this idea.But don't dare to have a bit more,though that is much more than they used to take.But I don't think that's all right because there is a difference between Chinese and people in the western world.People in China,especially the farmers and the workers,usually do much more physical work which often makes them sweat and some salt runs away from their bodies with the sweat.So I suggest people not always copy the ideas from others and you can have a bit more salt if you need.Of course not too much.
18.How much salt does a grown-up need according to the report?
A.Ten to twenty grams of salt a day.
B.Five to ten grams of salt a day.
C.Fifty to ninety grams of salt a week.
【答案】 A
19.What do some Chinese people do?
A.They don't think this idea right.
B.They follow this idea.
C.They have more salt than the Westerners.
【答案】 B
20.Why doesn't the writer think that's all right?
A.Because he thinks there is difference between the Chinese and the Westerners.
B.Because he thinks Chinese people do more work.
C.Because he thinks people should copy the ideas from others.
【答案】 A
●能力提升
§6.1 單項填空
1.This fort _____ the whole valley.It must be defended whatever cost.
A.conducts B.contains C.conquers D.controls
【解析】 句意是“這個碉堡控制著整個山谷。無論如何也要保住它”。
【答案】 D
2.When trees are cut down,much of the _____ is washed away when it rains.So no plant grows there.
A.field B.land C.ground D.soil
【解析】 soil指可生長作物的土壤，由題意可知D為最佳答案。
【答案】 D
3.The factory is now facing great difficulties._____ of manpower is the chief cause.
A.Shortage B.Short
C.For shortage D.Because being short
【解析】 句子缺少主語，故不能用C、D兩項。Shortage是名詞，可作主語。
【答案】 A
4.Try to let him know what you care about him._____ he may come to know how lucky he is and start to treat you with the same kindness that you give him.
A.At time B.On time C.For time D.Over time
【解析】 over可表示時間，over time意為“經過一段時間后”。
【答案】 D
5.I think good use must be _____ of the information from abroad to get our product sales increased.
A.taken B.made C.brought D.put
【解析】 此句子用的是make use of的被動語態形式。
【答案】 B
6.-Are you going to London for a holiday?
-_____.
A.That all depends B.That's nothing
C.It doesn't matter D.If you like
【解析】 That/It all depends.是一習慣用語，意為“說不定；那得看情況而定”。
【答案】 A
7.It was not until dark _____ he found _____ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A.that;what B.that;that C.when;what D.when;that
【解析】 It is…that…是強調句型；found后是一賓語從句；he thought是插入語，因此賓語從句缺主語，故用what。
【答案】 A
8.She always went swimming when she was young,_____.
A.no matter how cold it was B.no matter how cold was it
C.no matter it was cold D.no matter it was how cold
【解析】 no matter how引出一狀語從句，從句中要用陳述句語序。
【答案】 A
9.In 1993,a new kind of tomato was developed that was quite different from _____ in this country before.
A.any of growing B.any growth
C.any to grow D.any grown
【解析】 any應是指any kind of tomato，與grow是被動關系，故用過去分詞grown作定語，相當于that was grown。
【答案】 D
10.In China,rubbish,such as plastic bags and boxes _____ “white pollution” is becoming a serious problem.
A.known as B.to be known as
C.knowing as D.to know as
【解析】 known as是過去分詞短語作定語，可譯為“所謂的；人們共知的”。
【答案】 A
11.Some waste may be thrown into the sea,either 19 km from land,or more than 40 km from land,_____ the nature of the materials.
A.depend on B.to depend on
C.depending on D.depended on
【解析】 depending on是分詞短語作狀語，相當于according to。
【答案】 C
12.The boy was late.He tried to enter the classroom without being noticed by the teacher,but luck _____ him.
A.went with B.went against
C.went along D.went over
【解析】 go against“違背，違反”。此處指他運氣不佳。
【答案】 B
13.If you do things at the wrong time of the year,you'll have to do more work and the results will not be _____.
A.very good B.so good C.so better D.the best
【解析】 由題意可知是在進行比較兩種做法的結果。在不當的時間做事，其結果會不如在恰當的時間做事。故此句是原級比較句型的省略。
【答案】 B
14.-What are you doing this weekend?
-I haven't decided yet._____?
-Well,I thought we could have another family party.
A.What B.Anything else C.Why D.Pardon
【解析】 why意為“怎么了？”
【答案】 C
15.-Sorry,Joe.I don't mean to…
-Don't call me “Joe”.I'm Mr.Parker to you,and _____ you forget it!
A.do B.didn't C.did D.don't
【解析】 “don't you forget it!”是一種特殊的祈使句，用于表示不滿等語氣。
【答案】 D
§6.2完形填空
In some parts of the United States,farming is easy.But farming has always been 1 in the northeastern corner of the country, 2 is called New England.
New England has many trees and thin, 3 soil.Anyone who has wanted to start a new 4 has had to work very hard.The first job has been cutting down trees.The 5 job has been digging the stumps(樹樁）of the trees out of the 6 .Then the farmer has had the difficult job of 7 stones from his land.
This work of removing stones never really 8 ,because every winter more stones appear.They come up through the 9 soil from the rocks below.Farmers have to 10 removing stones from the fields. 11 today,farms which have been worked on for 200 years keep 12 more stones.
That is why stone walls are used 13 fences around New England fields.The stone walls are not high;a man can easily 14 them.But they keep the farmer's cows from 15 his neighbor's cows.
1.A.different B.difficult C.rough D.rapid
【解析】 根據前文照應，此處意義為“困難”。
【答案】 B
2.A.it B.where C.which D.that
【解析】 此處為which引導的非限制性定語從句。
【答案】 C
3.A.rocky B.wet C.grassy D.good
【解析】 此句引起對土壤條件的陳述。
【答案】 A
4.A.farm B.garden C.situation D.company
【答案】 A
5.A.extra B.busy C.usual D.next
【答案】 D
6.A.soil B.forest C.channel D.bank
【答案】 A
7.A.making B.protecting C.stopping D.removing
【解析】 remove“清除，搬走”。
【答案】 D
8.A.limits B.continues C.ends D.repeats
【答案】 C
9.A.wild B.thin C.thick D.heavy
【解析】 根據第二段中“thin,rocky soil”的照應，此處應用thin。
【答案】 B
10.A.stop B.keep C.enjoy D.prefer
【解析】 keep doing sth.意為“不停地做某事”。
【答案】 B
11.A.But B.Even C.So D.And
【答案】 B
12.A.carving B.developing C.producing D.selling
【解析】 produce vt.產生。
【答案】 C
13.A.instead of B.out of C.against D.around
【答案】 A
14.A.pull down B.carry away C.climb over D.turn over
【答案】 C
15.A.eating B.joining C.watching D.missing
【解析】 壘石頭墻是為了防止自家的牛與鄰家的相混。
【答案】 B
§6.3閱讀理解
A
If you want your land to keep fertile,you must try to stop soil from being carried away by water or winds.When soil is taken away by flowing water or blowing winds,we call it soil erosion.Ways have been found to stop soil erosion,and this is known as soil conservation.One way of stopping soil erosion is to grow small plants such as grasses.These plants are referred to as cover crops,whose roots hold the soil tightly together.The rain water cannot wash away the soil.When trees and tall bushes are planted at the edges of an open field,soil erosion by strong winds cannot take place.The trees and bushes,which act as a very big and firm wall,protect the open land from the winds.The way to stop soil erosion on slopes is to build terraces on the slope of hillside and mountainside.When the slope of a hillside is cut into “steps”,water carrying soil cannot run straight down the terraces,which are used to slow down the speed of the flowing water containing much soil in it.In this way most of the soil in the water is left behind on the terraces,much soil in it is kept.
1.What takes place in soil erosion?
A.Flood happens to the fertile land.
B.A large quantity of the earth wears away gradually.
C.Terraces are built on the slope of hillside or mountainside.
D.Plants are grown to protect the open land.
【答案】 B
2.“Cover crops”in this passage means_____.
A.grass roots
B.trees and bushes
C.plant life of an area
D.covering plants that produce grain or vegetables
【答案】 C
3.Besides afforestation,another method to fight against soil erosion is to_____.
A.build terraces B.build walls
C.plant trees D.plant tall bushes
【答案】 A
4.Trees and tall bushes are planted around an open field_____.
A.because their roots hold soil tightly
B.to stop soil from being blown away by winds
C.because soil erosion causes terrible damage to crops
D.to keep the ecological balance
【答案】 B
5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.What Causes Soil Erosion
B.The Importance of Afforestation
C.Rain Erosion and Wind Erosion
D.Erosion and the Ways to Fight against Erosions
【答案】 D
B
Farmers can produce more by planting several different crops in the same field.But their success depends on which crops they plant together and how they mix(混合) them in the field.Until now,the only way the farmers could learn which cropsgrow best together is to plant them and wait for the results.Now,however,a computer can give them answers.A new computer program written by Dr John Vanderwell of Michigan University can tell a farmer which plants grow well together and which do not.It can tell him how to plant the different crops;if he should plant each in a separate row,or mix the crops in the same row.It can tell the farmer how changes in planting each of the crops will affect the production of all of them.And it can tell him which plants can help reduce losses(損失) from diseases.
1.Which of the following best gives the main idea of the passage?
A.Computer helps find the best program for mixing plants.
B.Computer helps produce more crops.
C.Computer helps protect against insects and diseases.
D.Computer helps grow different plants.
【答案】 B
2.According to the passage,to get the best result,one needs to choose carefully_____.
A.the kinds of crops to be planted together
B.the way for different crops to be mixed
C.both A and B
D.either A or B
【解析】 此題是對短文中的第5、6兩句的總結，只有做到選項A、B所說的兩方面才能最大限度地提高產量。
【答案】 C
3.It seems the new computer program can NOT tell us_____.
A.whether we should grow cotton and tomato together
B.how we should plant cotton and tomato together
C.what will happen if we grow potato,instead of tomato,together with cotton
D.how we can grow rice in the tomato field
【答案】 D
4.The new computer program seems most useful in saving us_____.
A.man power B.seeds C.time D.land
【答案】 D
5.Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Computer can tell farmers how many plants can grow together.
B.With the help of computers farmers don't have to do a lot of work.
C.With the help of computers farmers can get better results.
D.The change of one plant may cause a change in production.
【解析】 新計算機程序只是告訴人們如何間作套種才能得到最佳效果，即：如何在一定量的土地上收獲最多的成果，當然屬于節省土地，但卻不能代替人們的勞動。
【答案】 B
C
Long ago,in days of the Roman Empire,people used to believe a god of farmings called “Saturn”.They believed that Saturn could make the weather good or bad,and that he had the power to control how much rain would fall.
Before a Roman farmer would plant his fields,he would try to get Saturn to give him good weather.He believed that if he killed an animal for Saturn,that would make Saturn happy.Then Saturn would make sure that the weather was good.
Not only did the people name a planet after Saturn but they also name a day of theweek after him.They called this day“ Saturni dies”,Latin words which mean“day of Saturn”.In English those words became Saturday.
1.What was Saturn believed to be in charge of?
A.Rainfall. B.The power of nature.
C.Farming. D.Days in a week.
【解析】 這是一道細節題，從第一段最后一句可知答案。
【答案】 A
2.Why did a Roman farmer kill an animal before planting his fields?Because_____.
A.Killing an animal would bring him good luck
B.Saturn enjoyed eating animals
C.Saturn was happy to see animals being killed
D.he wanted to please Saturn so that Saturn would make the weather good forhis planting
【解析】 從第二段內容可知答案。
【答案】 D
3.What was the correct order of what a Roman farmer did before planting his fields?
a.observing the weather
b.killing the animal
c.getting his farm tools ready
d.finding an animal
e.offering it to Saturn
f.waiting for good weather to come
A.a,b,c,d,e,f B.a,b,c,f,d,e C.a,d,b,e,f,c D.e,a,d,b,c,f
【答案】 C
4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A.Saturn is also the name of planet.
B.The Roman people used to believe Saturn to be their god.
C.Saturn was named for the last day of the week.
D.Saturn had three meanings.
【答案】 C
5.What's the aim of the author in writing this passage?
A.How the Romans worshipped Saturn.
B.Why the Romans believed in Saturn.
C.The different meanings of the word Saturn.
D.How Saturday got its name.
【答案】 D
D
Matt grows the best vegetables in the village.He grows fruit too-big,sweet apples and oranges.And what else?Well,the biggest and the prettiest flowers.
Things grow in Matt's garden all through the year.He cuts some flowers for his sitting room table;and of course,he eats some fruit and vegetables.But he sells everything else in the market.Matt is not a poor man.
He knows a few other gardens;but he does not have any friends.You might ask,“What is that?Why doesn't he have friends?”
I will tell you.People do not understand him.And they do not understand his garden.“Why not?”you will ask.“It's a very good garden,isn't it?”
It is a wonderful garden.Matt plants things in spring,summer,autumn and winter.After that he does very little work.He sits in the garden with his small radio.And everything grows.
People ask,“How does Matt grow these wonderful things?He waters the plants sometimes,but he doesn't do anything else.He just sits under an orange tree with his radio.He listens to music nearly all day!”And that is all quite true.People cannot understand it,and so they don't like it very much.
Matt likes music.But what about the garden?Who does the work?I will tell you another true thing:the music does the work.All plants love music;and Matt knows that.
Do you want big vegetables and the loveliest flowers?Well,just give your plants alot of music.
1.There are not only vegetables and flowers,but also_____ in Matt's garden.
A.plants B.fruit trees C.ants D.crops
【解析】 從文中第二段內容可知，他在菜園里種花、蔬菜和水果。
【答案】 B
2.Matt makes a living by_____.
A.selling his vegetables,fruit and flowers
B.growing trees in his garden
C.working in the market
D.helping other people growing plants
【解析】 從文中第二段的最后兩句可知答案。
【答案】 A
3.Everything in Matt's garden grows well because_____.
A.he has a good garden
B.he is good at growing things and likes listening to the radio
C.music helps his plants a lot
D.he is very hardworking
【解析】 這是一道細節考查題。從文中倒數第二段the music does the work可知答案。
【答案】 C
4.People think that_____.
A.Matt's garden is better than theirs
B.Matt works harder than they
C.Matt knows how to grow vegetables well
D.the radio helps Matt to grow everything well in his garden
【答案】 A
5.People don't like Matt because_____.
A.he doesn't give them any vegetables or fruit
B.he listens to the radio too much
C.they are jealous of him
D.Matt doesn't let them listen to his radio
【答案】 C
E
In some countries with very little rain,the farmers have to water the plants in their fields.To do that is easy if there is a great river near the crops.Canals carry the river water to the fields during the dry seasons.Sometimes,there is too much water in the river and a flood takes place.Sometimes when the river waterisn't enough for all the farmers,it will be difficult to give water to the crops.
In order to help the farmers,a dam should be built across the river.This will store water for dry seasons,and in wet seasons it will prevent floods.
A great lake will appear behind the dam.Then the country may have enough water.More crops will be grown,there will be more food for everyone and there will be no more floods.
In China a great dam has been designed and the project is being carried out.The designed dam is going to be built across the Changjiang River.This will of course bring happiness to the people on both banks.
1.A flood takes place just because_____.
A.there is no dam across a river
B.of too much of the rainfall
C.farmers use less water
D.rivers get less water in them
【答案】 B
2.People build dams across rivers in order to_____.
A.get the weather under control
B.control the nature
C.build man-made lakes
D.store water and prevent floods
【解析】 文章第二段說明了建壩的目的有兩點：儲水和防洪。
【答案】 D
3.The passage tells us that in a few years China will_____.
A.have another modern key water control project
B.no longer have any part of its land flooded
C.build a big dam where the Changjiang River flows into the sea
D.become a country which is rich in water
【解析】 根據文章最后一段內容推斷。
【答案】 A
4.From the passage we can conclude that,like any other thing,_____.
A.water also has two sides
B.water is everywhere
C.water is needed by men
D.water will become less and less
【答案】 A
§6.4短文改錯
When I was at five,I was driven to learn how to 1._____
read and write Chinese characters that because one 2._____
must write something on the picture one painted. 3._____
Now,drawing and painting again helped me to study 4._____
English.So,in order to learn English,I have to 5._____
draw or paint several picture every evening.I 6._____
explained to me that although I had promised my 7._____
grandfather that I will never paint again.That 8._____
was because he did not want me to become painter. 9._____
Now I am drawing it in order to learn English,so 10._____
it is different.
【答案】
1.去掉at 2.去掉that
3.painted→paints 4.helped→helps
5.√ 6.picture→pictures
7.me→myself 8.will→would
9.become后加a 10.去掉it
§6.5書面表達
假如你的名字叫王平，再過幾天就是圣誕節了(Christmas Day,12月25日)。
昨天你在美國的朋友Jack寄來一本Christmas in America，這是他給你的圣誕禮物。去年圣誕期間你和Jack一起度過,你們一起去看電影、聽音樂會、看足球賽等,過得很愉快。
Jack還給你講了許多有趣的故事，使你對美國這個國家有了更多的了解�？吹竭@本書，會使你想起許多令人難忘的時刻。
請按以上內容給Jack寫封信。(100個詞左右)
【參考答案】
Dear Jack,
Thank you very much for the book“Christmas in America”.It's a wonderful book.It made me think of my Christmas with you there.You told me a lot of interesting stories,so I learned more about your country and people.I enjoyed going to the movies,the concerts and watching football matches with you.I really had a pleasant time.I'll never forget those days.Well,Christmas is coming soon.I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year.
Yours truly,
Wang Ping
●資料選摘
THE GODDESS OF THE HARVEST
Ceres(谷物女神) was the goddess of the harvest.She made the food grow thatfed the people.Ceres had a beautiful daughter named Proserpina.One day when shewas a young woman,Proserpina was in a field picking flowers.She reached for a particularly pretty one.All at once the earth seemed to open.Proserpina fell intoa large hole.She fell a long distance until finally she landed in the Underworld.
Pluto,the god of the Underworld,had planned this trick,For a long time he had been lonely and wanted a woman to share his throne.Once riding his chariot(戰車) on the earth,he saw Proserpina.He thought her quite beautiful.Pluto wanted Proserpina to share his throne.
After arriving in the Underworld,Proserpina was treated like a goddess.She had lovely clothes and jewels.She liked Pluto very much.But before long Proserpina began to miss the Earth and her mother,Ceres.
At the same time,Ceres was very sad.She longed for the ruturn of Proserpina to Earth.She became so upset that finally she ruined a year's harvest.The people on Earth had nothing to eat.The gods were troubled.They told Ceres that they would bring Proserpina back to Earth.However,she could only come back to Earth if she had not eaten the fruits of the Underworld.
As soon as she found out she could come back to Earth,Proserpina was happy.Latershe admitted that she had,indeed,eaten some fruit.The gods were reasonable about this.They soon agreed to let her come back to Earth for part of each year.This made Ceres happy,too.She brought about a good growing season and a good harvest during the time when Proserpina was on Earth.Proserpina has been known ever since for the yearly growth.
Unit 20 Humour
●語篇領悟
閱讀本單元課文，完成下列各題：
§1.1細枝末節
(Text 1)
1.Why is Dustin Hoffman so famous?
A.He is famous for his works.
B.He is famous for his foreign accent.
C.He is famous for his role acting as a woman.
D.He is good at playing on words.
【答案】 C
2.What does a “sketch” mean in the text?
A.a rough,quickly made drawing
B.general outline
C.short,humorous play
D.a piece of writing
【答案】 C
3.Comedians and players in a comedy are similar in _____.
A.their way of playing with words
B.clothes
C.cross-dressing way
D.foreign accent
【答案】 A
(Text 2)
4.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
A.The writer was on her way to an interview.
B.She braked hard and hit another cyclist.
C.She shouted at the driver of a yellow car.
D.The driver of the yellow car was angry with her for being so rude.
【答案】 D
5.The driver of the yellow car turned out to be _____.
A.the boss of the office
B.the manager of the company
C.one of her friends
D.the man with whom she would have to work together
【答案】 B
6.What does she mean by the sentence “the last time we met I did most of the talking”?
A.You listened to me last time we met.
B.I'll listen to you this time.
C.I shall say nothing about the accident.
D.I think you must be angry with me.
【答案】 C
§1.2 主旨大意
7.Choose the main idea of each paragraph of Reading Text 1.
a.Description of a clown
b.What's a crosstalk show
c.The traditional crosstalk show
d.Description of comedians
e.The writers of comedies both at home and abroad
A.1-e;2-a;3-d;4-b;5-c
B.1-e;2-d;3-c;4-a;5-b
C.1-a;2-e;3-d;5-c;4-b
D.1-e;2-a;3-b;4-d;5-c
【答案】 A
8.Which of the following can be used as another title for Reading Text 2?
A.An Accident
B.An Interview
C.Tell Him What You Think of Him!
D.A Kind Manager
【答案】 C
§1.3 推理判斷
9.Why have crosstalk shows been popular with people?Which of the following is not the reason?
A.They have two speakers.
B.They make people not only laugh,but also think about life.
C.The richness of the spoken language is made full use of.
D.Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words.
【答案】 A
10.From Text 2,we can conclude that the manager was _____.
A.a careless driver
B.selfish
C.tolerant(寬容的)
D.determined
【答案】 C
●知識記憶
§2.1 知識網絡
1.bitter adj.苦的；痛苦的；嚴酷的；激烈的
This tea is somewhat bitter.
這茶有點兒苦。
She had a bitter experience in the old days.
她過去有過痛苦的經歷。
The bitter winter is coming.
嚴冬即將來臨。
I was hurt by her bitter words.
她尖酸刻薄的話令我傷心。
Their friendship ended with a bitter quarrel.
他們的友誼因一次激烈的爭吵而終結。
2.couple n.（一）對，（一）雙；夫婦
a married couple夫婦
a loving couple一對情侶
They make a good couple.
他們是絕佳的一對。
The young couple seems/seem to be happy.
這對年輕人看起來很快樂。
a couple of兩個，一雙，一對；兩三個的，幾個的，數個的。如：
The festival lasts a couple of days.
這節日持續兩天。
They keep a couple of dogs.他們養了兩只狗。
She is expecting a baby in a couple of months.
她兩三個月后要生小孩。
I received a couple of letters last week.
上星期我收到兩三封信。
3.mostly adv.主要地，大部分，通常
They are mostly fairly young.他們大部分都相當年輕。
I spent my holidays mostly at home.
我的假日多半在家里度過。
She is mostly out on Sunday.
她禮拜天多半外出。
He uses his car mostly for going to work.
他的車主要用于上下班。
He enjoys a cigarette sometimes,but mostly he smokes a pipe.
他有時也抽香煙，但他通常抽煙斗。
4.intend vt.想要，打算，意指
intend常構成下列句式：
intend to do sth.“打算做某事”。如：
Do you intend to make a long stay in London?
你打算在倫敦長住嗎？
I intended to come to your house last night but it rained.
我本打算昨晚來你家，但下雨了。
intend to have done“本想做某事（而沒能做）”。如：
I intended to have called on you,but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本想去拜訪你，但來了一位不速之客。
intend sb.to do“打算要某人做某事”。如：
We intend them to take over.
我們打算要他們接管。
intend that-clause從句中的謂語動詞常用“should+v.”形式。如：
We intend that these plans (should) be carried out.
我們認為這些計劃應該實行。
intend…for…或be intended for…“為……而（做、建等），供……用、看等”。如：
We intend this room for you.
我們打算這個房間給你用。
I intended these flowers for your mother.
我要把這些花送給你媽媽。
This school is intended for the blind.
這所學校是給盲人建的。
The film is intended for adults only.
此電影僅供成年人看。
5.make fun of取笑，嘲笑
He made fun of me for this.
他為此取笑我。
We all make fun of him behind his back,of course.
當然我們背后都嘲笑他。
They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.
我試圖講英語時，他們都嘲笑我的錯誤。
Nobody likes to be made fun of.
沒人喜歡被人嘲笑。
6.amusing adj.好笑的，好玩的，有趣的
an amusing game好玩的游戲
How amusing!多有趣！多好笑！
amuse v.使……快樂，逗樂；給……提供娛樂
Her story amused the children greatly.
她的故事逗得那些小孩十分開心。
The girls amused themselves with cards.
那些女孩玩卡片玩得很高興。
The children were amused by/with/at the pictures.
那些孩子們被這些圖片逗樂了。
I was very much amused to see the monkey perform its tricks.
我被猴子的特技表演給逗樂了。
amused adj.覺得好玩的；快樂的
He had an amused look on his face.
他的臉上露出愉快的表情。
7.date back (to)始于，起源于，追溯到；此短語多用于一般現在時態中。
Her interest in stamp collecting dates back to her high school days.
她集郵的興趣始于中學時代。
The richness of the family dates back to the Civil War.
這家人的富裕始于內戰期間。
The castle dates back to the 14th century.
這個城堡可追溯到14世紀。
These societies dates as far back as a century ago.
這些團體起源于一個多世紀前。
注：date back to與date from同義。
Which times does the sort of dress date from?
這種衣服始于哪個時代？
The village dates from the Ming Dynasty.
這個村莊可追溯到明朝。
8.appreciate vt.欣賞，鑒賞；感激，感謝；意識到
appreciate good food 欣賞美味
appreciate one's friendship 珍視某人的友誼
He appreciates your tatent.
他很常識你的才能。
His works were not appreciated until after his death.
直到他死后，他的作品才受到重視。
We appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.
經過一年的辛苦工作以后，我們大家都能體會到假期的樂趣。
We greatly appreciate all your help.
我們非常感激你的一切幫助。
I don't think you appreciate the danger of this job.
我覺得你沒意識到這項工作的危險。
appreciate后可接動名詞作賓語。
I would very much appreciate receiving an invitation.
如蒙邀請，不勝感激。
I appreciate your giving me so much help.
謝謝你給予我那么多幫助。
注：appreciate后不可以“人”作賓語。試比較：
I appreciate your help.
Thank you for your help.
9.exist vi.存在，生存
Problems also exist in agriculture.
農業方面也存在問題。
A life free from all worry just doesn't exist.
完全脫離煩惱的生活是不存在的。
Does life exist on Mars?
火星上有生命嗎？
A man cannot exist without air.
沒有空氣人是無法生存的。
The old man found it difficult to exist on his pension alone.
那位老人發現單靠養老金難以生活。
常用existing作定語，意為“現存的，現在的”。
Food will not get cheaper under existing conditions.
在目前的情況下，食物不會便宜下來。
We must further develop our friendship on the existing basis.
我們必須在現在的基礎上進一步發展我們的友誼。
10.look on/upon…as…把……看作……，認為……是……
I look on her as a promising pianist.
我認為她是一個很有前途的鋼琴家。
I don't look on him as a good doctor.
我認為他不是一個好醫生。
She looks on me as a child.
她把我看作小孩子。
比較：look on“旁觀，在旁邊看；朝著，俯瞰”
Two men were fighting while people looked on.
兩個人在打架，但大家都袖手旁觀。
No,I'm not playing;I'm just looking on.
不，我不玩；我只是在旁看看。
It is a room on the second floor,looking on the street.
它是二樓的一個房間，朝向大街。
§2.2發散思維
1.suit vt.合適；使滿意；相配；適宜于
Let's fix a day.Would Monday suit you?
咱們定個日期吧。星期一對你方便嗎？
Your terms do not suit me,sir.I will leave.
你的條件不能令我滿意，先生。我要走了。
This climate doesn't suit her.
這兒的氣候不適合她。
It's a small apartment but it suits our needs.
那是一棟小公寓，但適合我們的需要。
The new dress suits her very well.
那套新服裝和她很相配。
suit…to…“使……適合……”
They tried to suit the play to the audience.
他們設法使那部戲迎合觀眾。
be suited to/for…“適合于……，對……適宜”
He isn't suited to such a hard life.
他不適合過這種艱苦的生活。
This car is not well suited to rough roads.
這車不太適合跑粗糙的路。
He is suited to teaching.他適合教書。
2.direction n.方向；指導
He has a poor sense of direction.
他的方向感很差。
I received inquiries about the matter from all directions.
我從四面八方接到了有關這件事的咨詢。
in…direction或in the direction of“朝……方向”
He walked in the opposite direction.
他朝相反的方向走去。
The red car was running in the direction of the airport.
那輛紅色汽車朝飛機場開去。
in all directions朝四面八方
The birds flew in all directions/in every direction.
那些小鳥朝四面八方飛去。
under the direction of在……的指導下
We did the experiment under the direction of our teacher.
direction常用其復數形式，表“指示；說明（書）”之意。
follow one's directions遵照某人的指示
Read the directions carefully before taking the medicine.
吃藥前要仔細看一看說明書。
●基礎鞏固
§3.1 漢英翻譯
1.扮演……角色__________
【答案】 act a role of
2.取笑，捉弄__________
【答案】 make fun of
3.講笑話__________
【答案】 tell jokes
4.演小品__________
【答案】 act out small sketches
5.追溯到__________
【答案】 date back to
6.大笑__________
【答案】 roar with laughter
7.有……目的__________
【答案】 with the intention of
8.從另一方向過來__________
【答案】 come in the other direction
9.把……看作/當成……__________
【答案】 look on…as…
10.因……生某人的氣__________
【答案】 be angry with sb.for…
§3.2 單項填空
1.I found a _____ of socks in the bedroom but they don't make a pair.
A.couple B.pair C.dozen D.sum
【解析】 a couple of“幾個（只），三兩個”；a pair of“一對（雙）”；dozen要么說a dozen socks，要么說dozens of socks；sum只指錢的數量。
【答案】 A
2.Victor doesn't have _____ sense of _____ humour.If you joke with him,he may get very angry.
A.the;the B.a;the C.a;/ D./；/
【解析】 “有幽默感”要說a sense of humour。
【答案】 C
3.Those who frequently come to visit the Science Museum are _____ middle school students.
A.most B.mostly C.almost D.most of
【解析】 mostly“大多數；主要”，在句中作狀語，修飾謂語動詞。
【答案】 B
4.Most people _____ a television set as an essential piece of furniture.
A.look at B.look on C.look over D.look about
【解析】 look on…as…是因定短語，意為“把……看作……”。
【答案】 B
5.Losing all your money is no _____ matter.I think you have to report it to the police at once.
A.serious B.easy C.joking D.laughing
【解析】 no laughing matter是習語，意為“不是鬧著玩的”。
【答案】 D
6.This is not a match.We're playing chess just for _____.
A.habit B.hobby C.fun D.game
【解析】 for fun意為“為著高興，為著好玩，不當真”。
【答案】 C
7.What an interesting _____ she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A.role B.character C.position D.function
【解析】 play a role“扮演角色”。
【答案】 A
8.-You have made another mistake.
-I'm sorry,but I _____.
A.didn't intend to B.didn't intend C.don't intend to D.don't intend
【解析】 根據題意“我并不想出錯”，可知要用過去時。
【答案】 A
9.Mr.Johnson is mild in _____.He never shouts even when he is very angry.
A.condition B.nature C.quality D.character
【解析】 in condition“身體好”；in nature“在自然界中”；in quality“在質量上”；in character“在性格上”。
【答案】 D
10.It's almost _____ that the government will lose the next election.
A.sure B.certain C.no doubt D.for certain
【解析】 it is certain that…是固定句式，這時certain不可換成sure；no doubt用于there is no doubt that…句式；for certain一般作狀語，不能用作表語。
【答案】 B
11.Most of men don't like _____ fun of in public places,especially when their female friends stay with them.
A.making B.playing C.being made D.being played
【解析】 “不喜歡被人開玩笑”要用動名詞的被動式：being made fun of。
【答案】 C
12.-Do you still remember the accident?
-Yes,_____ I have experienced nothing more frightening.
A.however B.basically C.really D.actually
【解析】 根據題意可知用actually“實際上”。
【答案】 D
13.Jane likes collecting stamps very much.In fact,her interest in it _____ her school days.
A.dates back to B