●語篇領悟
閱讀本單元課文，完成下列各題：
§1.1細枝末節
(Text 1)
1.Scientists knew what electricity is for the 1st time _____.
A.in June 1752 B.before 1752
C.after 1752 D.in the 19th century
【答案】 A
2.Which of the following is in the correct order?
a.The experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.
b.The kite flew high in the rainy sky.
c.He made a silk kite.
d.Very sharp piece of metal was fixed.
e.A key was fastened to the end of the string.
f.A ribbon was tied to the string.
A.d,e,f,c,b,a B.c,d,e,f,b,a
C.d,c,e,f,a,b D.c,d,e,f,a,b
【答案】 B
3.Franklin made the kite of silk because _____.
A.wet silk does not conduct electricity
B.silk kite flies high
C.silk kite will last longer in weather with rain and strong winds
D.silk kite is cheaper
【答案】 C
(Text 2)
4.Which of the following is true?
A.Every year 2.5 million animals die in experiments.
B.Animals are only used to test new medicines.
C.Scientists say animal testing does not work.
D.Almost all the medicines people use have been tested on animals.
【答案】 D
5.Animal rights activists are _____.
A.doctors
B.people who defend animal rights
C.officials
D.scientists
【答案】 B
6.What's a painkiller?
A.殺手 B.安慰劑
C.止痛藥 D.救心丸
【答案】 C
§1.2主旨大意
7.Text 1 is meant for _____.
A.experts B.scientists
C.common readers D.officials
【答案】 C
8.Text 2 is mainly about _____.
A.divergence(分歧)on animal experiments
B.the results of animal experiments
C.the process of animal experiments
D.loss of animals in experiments
【答案】 A
§1.3推理判斷
9.Which is not stated but can be inferred from Text 1?
A.Franklin did the experiment with the kite.
B.Franklin's experiment with electricity was dangerous.
C.Franklin failed the experiment again.
D.The experiment was conducted in bad weather.
【答案】 B
10.What's the writer's attitude towards animal testing in Text 2?
A.Neutral. B.Supportive.
C.Indifferent. D.Against.
【答案】 A
●知識記憶
§2.1知識網絡
1.flame n.火焰，光輝；常用復數形式。
The house was in flames.
那房子著火了。
There was an explosion and the plane burst into flames.
一陣爆炸，那架飛機就燃燒起來。
The whole building went up in flames in 15 minutes.
整棟大樓在15分內燒毀了。
the flame(s) of sunset火焰般的晚霞
feed the flame火上澆油
His eyes were flames of anger.
他滿目怒火。
2.comfort v.安慰，慰藉
Alice comforted me in my grief.
愛麗絲在我悲哀時安慰我。
They tried to comfort her,but what could they say?
他們想安慰她，但他們又能說些什么好呢？
I had to comfort her： “It's human to make mistakes.”
我只得安慰她說，“是人都會犯錯誤的。”
n.安逸，舒適［U］；使人得到慰藉的人或物［C］
He had to save enough money so that he could live in comfort.
他得存足夠的錢，以便能過上舒適的生活。
His kindness gave her much comfort.
他的好心給了她很大的慰藉。
She was a great comfort to her old father.
她是她老爸的一大慰藉。
A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort.
在寒冷的晚上喝上一杯熱牛奶真舒服。
3.conduct n.行為，操行
a man of good conduct品行端正的人
the rules of conduct行為準則
courageous conduct勇敢的行為
foolish conduct愚蠢的行為
The teacher scolded him because his conduct was so bad.
因為他的品性不好，所以老師責罵他。
v.引導，管理；指揮
He conducted me around the museum.
他帶領我到博物館內四處參觀。
The manager conducted his business carefully.
這位經理小心地經營生意。
4.charge vt.充電；裝彈于（槍炮）；裝填
charge a pipe給煙斗塞煙草
charge a camera給相機裝膠片
charge a gun給大炮裝彈藥
He used solar panels to charge the batteries.
他用太陽板給那些蓄電池充電。
He charged his pipe with tobacco.
他給他的煙斗裝煙草。
be charged with“充滿……”。如：
The air is charged with moisture.
空氣中充滿了濕氣。
The hall was charged with excitement.
大廳里的人很興奮。
He is charged with strength and power.
他精力充沛。
5.shock n.打擊，震驚，震動；
與介詞with或from連用時，常是不可數名詞。
The bad news left us all speechless from shock.
這一壞消息使我們震驚地說不出話來。
She was white with/from shock.
她因為震驚臉色都白了。
但shock指令人震動、震驚或使人受到精神打擊的事時，是可數名詞。
The news of his wife's death was a terrible shock to him.
他妻子去世的消息對他打擊太大了。
The failure was a great shock to me.
那次失敗給我很大的打擊。
The whole thing has come as such a shock to me.
整個事情的發生令我很吃驚。
You will get a shock if you touch the live wire.
如果你碰這條通電的電線，你會觸電。
vt.使震驚，使驚愕；使觸電
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
看到我的鄰居那樣對待他們的孩子我很吃驚。
I was shocked by his rudeness.
我對他的粗魯很是震驚。
He got shocked when he touched the electric wires.
他觸著了電線，受了電擊。
shocking adj.使人震驚的
His failure in the exam was shocking to his parents.他考試不及格使他父母很吃驚。
6.prove vt.證明，證實
Can you prove your theory to us?
你能向我們證明你的理論嗎？
How did you prove that he was the robber?
你如何證明他就是那名強盜？
The fingerprint on the knife proved him(to be)the murderer.
刀上的指紋證明他是殺人犯。
vi.顯示，被證明是，成為；此時prove是系動詞，相當于turn out，后接“(to be)+名詞或形容詞等”，不能用被動語態。
He proved to be the author of the novel.
他被發現是那本小說的作者。
Our last attempt proved successful.
我們最后的嘗試成功了。
What he said proved true.
他的話被證明是真實的。
7.tear vt.撕開，撕裂，撕掉
Why did you tear the cloth instead of cutting it with scissors?
你為什么不用剪刀剪那塊布，而是撕開呢？
vi.被撕破；被掛破
The paper tore when the parcel fell.
那包裹掉到地上時，包裝紙被掛破了。
注：tear作不及物動詞用時，常表示主語的特性。如：
This material tears easily,so be careful when you wear it.
這種料子很容易撕破，因此你穿它時要小心。
This type of cloth does not tear.
這種布料不易破損。
比較：tear sth.與tear at sth.
tear sth.“把……撕破、撕開或撕掉”，強調結果；tear at sth.“撕扯……”，強調動作。
Mary fell down in the street and tore her dress.
瑪麗跌倒在大街上，撕破了衣服。
I tore the letter open.我撕開那封信。
The fighting girls tore at each other with their nails.
那兩個打架的女孩子用指甲撕扯對方。
8.fasten vt.拴，系，扎，綁，捆
Have you fastened all the doors and windows?
你閂上所有的門窗了嗎？
Fasten your seat belts!系上安全帶。
fasten...to...“把……拴到……上”。如：
He fastened his bag to the bike.
他把書包綁在自行車上。
The horse is fastened to a tree.
那匹馬被拴在一棵樹上。
fasten one's eyes on sb.“眼睛盯著某人”。如：
All the eyes were fastened on me,which made me feel uncomfortable.
所有的眼睛都盯著我，使我感到很不自在。
9.explain v.解釋，說明
explain常構成explain sth.to sb.或explain to sb.sth.或“explain to sb.+從句”句式。
He explained the rule to me.
他向我說明那條規則。
I explained to them that I was not interested.
我向他們說明我不感興趣。
He explained to me why he was late.
他向我解釋為什么遲到。
10.pick out挑出，選好；辨別出，認出，看清楚
Have you picked out the movie you want to see?
你挑選出你想看的電影了嗎？
It took Mary a long time to pick out a new dress at the store.
瑪麗花了很長時間才從那家商店挑選了一件新衣服。
I immediately picked out Alice in the crowd.
我立刻在人群中找出了愛麗絲。
Can you pick your brother out from that group of people?
你能在那群人中認出你弟弟嗎？
The house is easily picked out from the rest;it has a large blue door.
很容易從其他房子中認出那房子來；它有一個藍色的大門。
§2.2發散思維
1.doubt v.懷疑，疑惑，不相信
I doubt his honesty.
我不相信他的誠實。
I doubt the truth of this report.
我懷疑那報告的真實性。
注：doubt后可接從句，在肯定句中用whether或if引導，在否定句或疑問句中用that引導。
I doubt if that was what he wanted.
我懷疑那就是他想要的。
I doubt whether he'll be successful.
我懷疑他能否成功。
I don't doubt that he'll be successful.
我相信他會成功的。
n.懷疑，疑惑；此時常構成一些句式或短語。
there is no doubt about/have no doubt about “對……沒有疑問”。如：
She is honest and there is no doubt about it.
她是誠實的，這一點不容懷疑。
I have some doubt about the news of his success.
我對關于他取得成功的消息不太相信。
此時doubt后還可接從句，肯定句中用whether引導，否定句中有that引導。如：
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
約翰能否按時來還難說。
There is no doubt that John will come on time.
約翰肯定會按時來的。
in doubt“拿不準，不能確定”。如：
I was in doubt about what to do.
我拿不準該做什么。
When in doubt about the meaning of a word,refer to the dictionary.
當對一個單詞的意思拿不準時，要查查詞典。
The result of the election remained in doubt until the next morning.
選舉的結果直到第二天上午才確定。
without(any)doubt“毫無疑問地”。如：
Don't worry;he'll come back without doubt.
不要著急，他肯定會回來的。
beyond(all)doubt“毫無疑問”。如：
The truth of the story is beyond doubt.
這個故事的真實性是不容懷疑的。
2.I brought my finger close to the key,and I felt a light but very clear electric shock.
我把手指貼近鑰匙，我感覺到輕微但非常明顯的電擊。
close adv.接近地，靠近地；強調兩方的距離近。
She sat/stood close to her husband.
她靠近丈夫而坐/站立。
They live close to the park.
他們住在公園附近。
I followed close behind him.
我緊跟在他后頭。
比較：closely adv.緊密地，密切地，嚴密地；強調兩方的關系近或注意力集中。
The two families are closely related to each other by marriage.
這兩個家庭由于婚姻關系而緊密聯系在一起。
They listened closely to the speaker.
他們細心聽講話人演說。
注意：與這兩個詞用法接近的還有deep,deeply;high,highly。
I dug deep before I found water.
我挖得很深才找到水。
He worked deep into the night.
他工作到深夜。
The deeper you go into the jungle the darker it gets.
你愈深入叢林就愈黑暗。
The story affected him deeply.
那個故事深深地感動了他。
I am deeply worried about him.
我深為他擔心。
The bird is flying high up in the sky.
那只鳥高飛在天上。
He climbed high up the hill.
他爬上了山的高處。
I value the book highly.
我對那本書評價很高。
She thinks highly of your work.
她對你的工作給予高度評價。
●基礎鞏固
§3.1 漢英翻譯
1.在某人看來__________
【答案】 in one's opinion
2.利用__________
【答案】 make use of
3.用絲綢做的風箏__________
【答案】 a kite made of silk
4.給……加上……__________
【答案】 add…to…
5.把……系到……上__________
【答案】 fasten/tie…to…
6.防止風箏飛走__________
【答案】 stop the kite from flying away
7.哭泣，掉淚__________
【答案】(be)in tears
8.以平局結束__________
【答案】 end in a tie
9.與你的觀點相反__________
【答案】 go against your view
10.用自己的話__________
【答案】 in your own words
§3.2 單項填空
1.However,at times this balance in nature is disturbed,resulting in a _____ of possibly unforeseen effects.
A.hundred B.plenty
C.number D.line
【解析】 a number of“很多”；a hundred后不能跟of短語；plenty of前無冠詞。
【答案】 C
2.More natural resources should be _____ use of to meet the increasing need of energy.
A.put B.brought
C.taken D.made
【解析】 此是make use of短語的被動語態形式。
【答案】 D
3.-Tom is very stupid.He fails in every exam.
-_____,he is more lazy than stupid.
A.On the other hand B.On one condition
C.In my opinion D.In other words
【解析】 根據上下文可知C項為最佳選項。
【答案】 C
4.I told you that you shouldn't waste your time playing football all day long,_____?
A.didn't I B.did I
C.should you D.shouldn't you
【解析】 反意疑問句通常要與主句的主語和謂語一致。此句意為“我沒告訴過你嗎？”
【答案】 A
5.This material _____,so be careful when you wear it.
A.is torn easily B.is torn easy
C.tears easily D.tears easy
【解析】 tear“破裂，撕破”，可用作不及物動詞，后跟一副詞，表示某東西的特性。
【答案】 C
6.Have you heard?The match ended _____ a victory for the home team.
A.in B.with
C.up D.as
【解析】 end in a victory“最后獲得了勝利”，是固定用法。
【答案】 A
7._____ existed a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.
A.It B.There
C.What D.That
【解析】 表示“對……有疑慮”要用there is/exists a doubt句式，故答案為B。
【答案】 B
8.Many people came to the meeting,_____ a number left early.
A.to whom B.for whom
C.of whom D.at whom
【解析】 定語從句中的關系代詞前常用一些修飾語，如most of which/whom,many of which/whom,a number of which/whom等，且of which/whom可放在most,many,a number等之前。
【答案】 C
9.It is no good trying that method,because it won't _____.
A.work B.use
C.practice D.affect
【解析】 work有“起作用，有效”之意。
【答案】 A
10.It took Mary a long time to _____ a new dress at the store.
A.pick up B.pick out
C.take up D.take out
【解析】 pick up“撿得”；pick out“挑出”；take up“從事于”；take out“拿出”。
【答案】 B
11.These colors won't _____ if exposed to the sun.
A.last B.hold
C.keep D.insist
【解析】 last作不及物動詞，意為“持續，耐久”。其他三個詞均無此用法。
【答案】 A
12.There were also a gun and a thin piece of rope with the end _____ in a circle.
A.being tied B.tying
C.to be tied D.tied
【解析】 with后可接復合結構，且end與tie是被動關系，故用過去分詞。
【答案】 D
13.She was _____ when she told the story of what had happened to her in those bitter days.
A.with tears B.in tears
C.into tears D.to tears
【解析】 in tears是習語，意為“在流淚，在哭泣”。
【答案】 B
14.A line of forts was built along the border to _____ the country against attack.
A.prevent B.support
C.protect D.control
【解析】 protect…from/against…“保護……免于……”。
【答案】 C
15.A hot cup of milk on a cold night is _____.
A.real comfort B.a real comfort
C.real comforts D.real comfortable
【解析】 comfort多作不可數名詞，但當“給予慰藉的東西，令人舒服的事物”解時，是可數名詞。
【答案】 B
§3.3 介詞、副詞填空
1.People _____ work _____ the top floor managed to escape out of the burning building.
【答案】 at;on
2._____ the future,people can travel from Beijing _____ Shanghai _____ a few hours.
【答案】 In;to in
3.A kite made _____ silk will last longer _____ weather _____ rain and strong winds.
【答案】 of;in;with
4.Add a tail _____ the frame and tie a long string _____ the cross so you can control the kite.
【答案】 to;to
5.This ribbon,fastened _____ the string,will protect you _____ the electricity.
【答案】 to;from
6.When a thunderstorm comes _____,stand _____ a door,or _____ some cover,so that the silk ribbon does not get wet.
【答案】 on;inside;under
7.They are planning to tear _____ these old houses _____ new buildings.
【答案】 down;for
8.Each team made one goal and the match ended _____ a tie.
【答案】 in
9.Some people say animal testing does not work and that there are better ways _____ finding _____ what we want to know.
【答案】 of;out
10.Animal testing has helped to develop medicines _____ many diseases,but what works _____ animals often does not work _____ humans.
【答案】 against;with;with
§3.4 句型轉換
完成B句，使其與A句意思相同或相近。（每空一詞）
1.A.When I realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.
B._____ _____ that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.
【答案】 Having realized
2.A.It appears that Tom is whispering something to a girl.
B.Tom appears _____ _____ _____ something to a girl.
【答案】 to be whispering
3.A.Tears were falling down her cheeks while she watched the moving TV play.
B.She was _____ _____ while watching the moving TV play.
【答案】 in tears
4.A.100 years ago animal testing was very cruel,which no one doubts.
B._____ is _____ _____ _____ 100 years ago animal testing was very cruel.
【答案】 There;no doubt that
5.A.There are better ways of testing the medicine.
B.We can test the medicine _____ _____ _____.
【答案】 in better ways
§3.5 單句改錯
下列句子均有一處錯誤（或多一詞；或缺一詞；或錯一詞），請找出并加以改正。
1.The house at the corner was caught fire and soon it burnt down.
【答案】 去掉was
2.He offered for me ＄200 for the bicycle but I refused to sell it.
【答案】 去掉me 前的for
3.The whole village was destroyed and over 300 people lost their life in the war.
【答案】 life改為lives
4.If a pan of oil catches fire,I suggest you to turn off the gas and cover the pan.
【答案】 去掉to
5.Without more coal,the fire will soon put out.
【答案】 put改為go
6.China is a developing country belonged to the 3rd world.
【答案】 belonged改為belonging
7.Many people were trapped in the burned building.
【答案】 burned改為burning
8.An electrical fire started on the ceiling of the office.
【答案】 on改為in
9.Remember to put off the fire before leaving the room.
【答案】 off改為out
10.Add more wood on the fire so that it would not be out.
【答案】 on改為to
●思路開拓
實戰類例
1.It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold,so she stood _____ to her mother.
A.close B.closely
C.closed D.closing
【解析】 本題考查副詞的用法。由題意“正在下大雨，小瑪麗感到有點冷，于是她向媽媽身邊靠近。”可知C、D兩項不對。close和closely都可作副詞，但close強調空間距離近，常與介詞to連用；而closely則指關系緊密、密切，也可表示注意力集中。如：Come close so that I can see you./He came quite close to where I was hiding./This problem is closely connected with that one.根據題意可知答案為A。
【答案】 A
2.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _____ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A.added to B.resulted from
C.turned out D.made up
【解析】 本題考查短語動詞的意義辨析。add to“增添，添加”；result from“起因于”；turn out“結果是，生產出”；make up“組成，編造，打扮”。由題意“輪船的發動機出了故障，而且天氣很糟，這使船員們更加絕望了。”可知答案為A。
【答案】 A
3.Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not,you may _____ run over by a car.
A.have B.get
C.become D.turn
【解析】 本題考查被動語態的表達形式。被動語態常由“be+過去分詞”構成，但be常可換成get，如：I got caught for speeding.“我因超速而被抓住。”Some glasses got broken when we were moving.“我們搬家時，有些玻璃杯被打碎了。”Did you get invited to the party?“你被邀請參加舞會了嗎？”由題意“你過這繁忙的街道時要當心。否則，你會被汽車撞著的。”可知答案為B。
【答案】 B
4.As I know,there is _____ car in this neighbourhood.
A.no such B.no a
C.not such D.no such a
【解析】 本題考查such的特殊用法。such作形容詞時，后可接單數名詞、不可數名詞或復數名詞；當接單數名詞時，冠詞a或an要置于such之后，如：such a question,such an interesting story。但no,any,some,all,many等則要放在such之前，如：No such person exists./They want beer,but don't give them any such thing-tea's good enough./He said “Get out!” or some such rude remark.由此可知答案A正確。B項中的no如改成not或把a去掉就正確了。因no such car等于not such a car，所以C、D兩項也不對。
【答案】 A
5.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.
A.much too heavy B.too much heavy
C.heavy too much D.too heavy much
【解析】 本題考查much too和too much的區別。much too用來修飾形容詞或副詞，亦可寫作far too，如：That's much too expensive.“這太貴了。”The summer vacation passed much too quickly.“暑假過得太快了。”而too much則修飾不可數名詞或動詞，如：There is too much noise in the city.“城市噪音太大了。”You talk too much.“你話說得太多了。”too much亦可作主語或賓語，如：Too much has been said on this point.“在這點上說得夠多了。”He gave you too much.“他給你的太多了。”由題意可知答案為A。
【答案】 A
●聽力時空
§5.1 第一節
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你有10秒鐘的時間回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
M：Hi,Jane. How is everything?
W:Not bad, except for my headache.
1.What's wrong with the woman?
A.She has a headache.
B.She has a toothache.
C.She has a stomachache.
【答案】 A
W：What time is it?
M:My watch says 5：45, but it's 5 minutes fast.
2.What time is it?
A.5：40
B.5：45
C.5：50
【答案】 A
M：Do you know what's on after the news?
W:I've got a feeling it's a TV play.
3.What are they talking about?
A.Their feelings.
B.TV programs.
C.Newspapers.
【答案】 B
M：It looks like rain.
W:You may be right. I'll take a raincoat with me.
4.What's the weather like now?
A.Rainy.
B.Sunny.
C.Cloudy.
【答案】 A
W：Go ahead and have a rest.
M:Thanks, but I'd rather stand.
5.What will the man probably do?
A.Sit down and have a rest.
B.Remain standing.
C.Go ahead along the road.
【答案】 B
§5.2 第二節
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段對話，回答第6～8題。
M:You look tired. What time did you go to bed last night?
W:Well, I stayed up writing my composition until midnight.
M:Have you finished?
W:Mm, I haven't. I've just done half of it.
M:I'm sorry you had to work over the weekend.
W:What did you do yesterday?
M:Well, I went with my brother for a swim.
W:Did you enjoy it?
M:I sure did.
6.When did the woman go to bed last night?
A.At 9:00.
B.At 10:00.
C.At midnight.
【答案】 C
7.What did the woman do last night?
A.She wrote a composition.
B.She wrote a letter.
C.She watched TV.
【答案】 A
8.What did the man do yesterday?
A.He wrote his composition.
B.He visited his brother.
C.He went to swim.
【答案】 C
聽第7段對話，回答第9～11題。
M:Hello. May I speak to Larry?
W:I'm afraid Larry isn't here right now. Can I take a message?
M:Yes. This is his friend Bob calling. Would you please ask Larry to bring
a few bottles of orange juice to the party tonight?
W:OK. Just a minute. I'm writing this down. “Bob called. You should bring
a few bottles of orange juice to the party tonight.” Is that right?
M:Yes. I guess so. You might ask him to call back if he is free.
W:All right. I'll give him the message.
M:Thanks a lot.
W:Goodbye!
M:Goodbye!
9.Who was telephoning a message to Larry?
A.Her friend.
B.Bob.
C.The woman.
【答案】 B
10.What did the man ask Larry to do?
A.To bring some oranges to the party.
B.To bring some drinks to the party.
C.To bring a few bottles of apple juice to the party.
【答案】 B
11.What was the woman doing while she was answering the call?
A.She was taking down the message.
B.She was drinking a bottle of orange juice.
C.She was sending someone to ask Larry.
【答案】 A
聽第8段對話，回答第12～14題。
M:What's the matter? You look very worried.
W:My bag is missing. Has anybody handed one in?
M:No, what kind of bag is it?
W:It is a brown leather shoulder bag.
M:I see. What was inside it?
W:There was a purse and two keys.
M:Was there anything else in it?
W:Yes. There was a letter with my name on it.
M:Good. If anyone hands it in, I'll let you know right away.
W:Thank you very much.
M:You are welcome. Don't worry. It will turn up soon.
12.Why does the woman look worried?
A.Because her two keys are missing.
B.Because there is something wrong with her shoulder.
C.Because her bag is gone.
【答案】 C
13.What kind of bag was it?
A.A yellow leather shoulder bag.
B.A brown leather shoulder bag.
C.A brown cloth bag.
【答案】 B
14.What was inside it?
A.A purse and two keys.
B.A letter.
C.A and B.
【答案】 C
聽第9段對話，回答第15～17題。
M:Where did you put my new blue tie?
W:It's right there in the cupboard with your other ties.
M:There's a green one and a couple of brown ones, but no blue one.
W:Here it is in your drawer. You must have put it there when you brought it home.
M:I suppose so. Does it look OK with this green shirt?
W:I think so. We'd better hurry up or we're going to be late. The Johnsons said to come at 7:30.
M:Oh, it's 6:45 now. Sue isn't here to take care of the children yet.
W:She'll be here at 7:00. That still gives us time to get there.
M:Who else is coming tonight?
W:The Browns and the Franks. And Mrs. Johnson's sister will be there,too.
M:Well, I think we'd better go down. Sue should be here pretty soon.
15.How many ties does the man have at least?
A.Three.
B.Four.
C.Five.
【答案】 B
16.Where did the man put his blue tie?
A.In the cupboard.
B.Under his shirt.
C.In his drawer.
【答案】 C
17.What can we learn about Sue?
A.She is Mrs. Johnson's sister.
B.She is a baby-sitter(臨時看孩子的人).
C.She is the speaker's guest.
【答案】 B
聽第10段獨白，回答第18~20題。
Americans often use first names when they meet a stranger and do not always shake hands with each other. They often just smile and say “Hi” or “Hello” instead.
It's good to remember that to an American, such a “Hi” or “Hello” really means the same thing as a polite handshake. Americans do not usually give a handshake to each person when they have a party or business meeting. They will often just wave good-bye to all the people there, saying “Well, so long, everyone. I'll see you tomorrow.” They then leave without shaking hands.
18.What do the Americans do when they meet a stranger?
A.They must say “Nice to meet you!”
B.They must say “How do you do?”
C.They often just say “Hi” or “Hello” to him with a smile.
【答案】 C
19.What do the Americans not do when they meet a person for the first time?
A.They aren't polite enough to him.
B.They don't say anything to him.
C.They don't always shake hands with him.
【答案】 C
20.What does an American often do when he is leaving a party?
A.He often leaves without saying anything.
B.He often waves goodbye.
C.He often gives a handshake.
【答案】 B
●能力提升
§6.1 單項填空
1.On the long journey,Peter _____ a most interesting guide.We all had a wonderful time.
A.practiced B.behaved
C.proved D.conducted
【解析】 prove“被證明是”，后接to be+adj./n.結構，且to be可省略。
【答案】 C
2.I thought of him as my trustworthy friend until,to my _____,he gave me away to the boss.
A.honour B.faith
C.doubt D.shock
【解析】 句中的gave me away意為“出賣”，據此可推知“我非常震驚”。
【答案】 D
3.Flattery may work _____ some people,but it is of no use to me.
A.to B.with
C.for D.on
【解析】 題意是“阿諛奉承對有些人起作用，但對我沒用。”work with sb.是固定搭配，意為“對某人起作用”。
【答案】 B
4.Health experts in many countries _____ their ideas about the relationships between our food and our health.
A.have still tested B.still tested
C.are still testing D.still test
【解析】 根據題意可知此句該用進行時態。
【答案】 C
5.There was no _____ that they had got the news.They all looked excited.
A.affair B.doubt
C.matter D.problem
【解析】 There's no doubt that…是固定句型，意為“……是毫無疑問的”。
【答案】 B
6.He had a beautiful smile,and I tried to _____ myself,but I couldn't help smiling back.
A.protect B.stop
C.keep D.hide
【解析】 stop sb.(from)doing sth.意為“阻止某人做某事”；keep sb.from doing sth.也表示“阻止某人做某事”，但from不可省略，否則就意為“讓某人一直做某事”。根據句意，“我想不笑，但還是沒忍住。”B項為最佳答案。
【答案】 B
7.Luck _____ our football players,who were defeated by the visiting team.
A.went against B.went over
C.went along D.went off
【解析】 題意是“我們的足球隊員運氣不好，輸給了客隊。”go against意為“不利于，違背”。
【答案】 A
8.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly _____？You know there are many burglars these days.
A.to fasten B.to be fastened
C.fastened D.fastening
【解析】 leave意為“使，讓”，后接復合結構，且doors and windows與fasten是被動關系，故答案為C。
【答案】 C
9.Don't touch the button with a wet hand.You may get _____ by the electricity.
A.attacked B.destroyed
C.charged D.changed
【解析】 get charged“被電擊，觸電”。
【答案】 C
10.The police got to _____ was once an old school,_____ the peasants used as a store.
A.what;which B.where;which
C.what;where D.which;where
【解析】 “警察來到一處原來是一所舊學校的地方，此地方被村民們用作了倉庫。”由句子結構可看出前是一名詞性從句，要用what引導，后是一定語從句，要用which引導。
【答案】 A
11.It is one thing to make a promise,but it is quite _____ to carry it out.
A.other thing B.the other
C.others D.another
【解析】 another后省略了thing。one thing…another(thing)是一習慣句式，意為“做……是一回事，做……是另一回事”。
【答案】 D
12.-Why do you ask whether I've been _____?
-Because you smell _____ cigarettes.
A.smoked;of B.smoking;of
C.smoked;with D.smoking;by
【解析】 題干第一句用了現在完成進行時；后一句中的smell of是詞組，意為“有……味兒”。
【答案】 B
13.In face of _____ failure,it is the most important to keep up _____ good state of mind.
A.不填;a B.a; 不填
C.the; 不填 D.不填;the
【解析】 in face of failure“面對失敗”；a good state of mind“好的精神狀態”。
【答案】 A
14.What a pity! I missed to meet my boss at the airport because my car was _____ in the traffic jam.
A.broken up B.kept back
C.held up D.kept up
【解析】 hold up意為“堵塞，使停頓”，常用于被動語態。
【答案】 C
15.-Why?Where is the key to the meeting room?
-Dear me! You _____ it in the taxi!
A.had never left B.didn't leave
C.never left D.haven't left
【解析】 never比not的語氣強，常表示吃驚、不相信等情感。“你不會把它丟在計程車上了吧！”
【答案】 C
§6.2 完形填空
The famous British inventor George Stephenson was born in 1781 and died in 1848.One of his 1 important inventions was the train. He 2 his first train when he was forty-four years old. When he was experimenting with the 3 engine on the train, he met with 4 from the government, the newspapers and the gentlemen in the country. They said that the noise and the smoke would 5 cows, horses and sheep, that the 6 would burst or that the hot coals from it would 7 their houses.At that time, 8 people believed what they said.
George Stephenson 9 the people that the train could go on small 10 ,could pull carriages 11 goods and passengers and therewas 12 to them. It was a very 13 matter for him to 14 them believe. However, after 15 ,he was able to do it; and the first train that 16 by Stephenson himself 17 what he had said.
The first day 18 the people along the way 19 the noises of the train 20 and saw it running quickly to them, they ran backhome as quickly as they could and closed their doors tightly,for they thought it a genius(妖怪).They did not dare to come out until it had passed.
1.A.very B.a lot C.most D.much
【答案】 C
2.A.made B.bought
C.introduced D.did
【解析】 make 此處為制造之意。
【答案】 A
3.A.electrical B.atomic
C.steam D.oil
【解析】 根據常識及下文的noise and smoke來推斷，最早的火車是蒸汽機火車，并且只有蒸汽機火車才有噪音大、煙多的情況。故選C。
【答案】 C
4.A.success B.troubles
C.people D.pleasure
【解析】 依據下文的They said that the noise and the smoke would kill cows, horses…推斷，人們對他試驗蒸汽火車不滿。 故選B，意為他遇到了來自政府……的麻煩。
【答案】 B
5.A.kill B.buy
C.interest D.take away
【答案】 A
6.A.smoke B.noise
C.driver D.engine
【答案】 D
7.A.pull down B.blow away
C.set fire to D.pass
【解析】 pull down意為“推倒”;blow away意為“吹走”；pass“經過”；hot coals既
不能推倒也不會吹走他們的房子，但能使房子著火。故選C。
【答案】 C
8.A.most B.few
C.only a few D.the rich
【解析】 根據下文人們對火車的可怕描述，可得知絕大多數人相信他們所說的蒸汽機的危害性。故選A。
【答案】 A
9.A.said B.spoke
C.told D.warned
【解析】 say,speak后若接人，應加介詞to,排除A、B；warn意為“警告”，與句意不符，排除D。故只能選C。
【答案】 C
10.A.roads B.rivers
C.steam D.rails
【答案】 D
11.A.short of B.full of
C.empty of D.without
【解析】 short of 意為“缺少”；empty of意為“空的”；without意為“沒有”；根據上
下文，此處是向人們闡述火車的用途，不應是不載貨、不帶客的，故排除A、C、D。
【答案】 B
12.A.no great danger B.dangerous
C.a lot of danger D.few danger
【解析】 there be后應加名詞，排除B；danger為不可數名詞，排除D；a lot of danger與上下文意思不符。故選A。
【答案】 A
13.A.easy B.difficult
C.pleasant D.light
【答案】 B
14.A.get B.cause
C.make D.force
【解析】 get/cause/force后接賓語再接to do 作賓補，只有make接省略to的不定式作其賓補。故選C。
【答案】 C
15.A.sometime B.some time
C.a few times D.sometimes
【解析】 sometimes“有時”，sometime“某個時候”，a few times“幾次”，都不符合句
意；some time“一些時候”，表示時間段，符合句意。故選B。
【答案】 B
16.A.was sold B.was driven
C.was pulled D.helped
【答案】 B
17.A.believed B.seemed
C.sensed D.proved
【答案】 D
18.A.of B.when
C.while D.for
【解析】 when關系副詞引導定語從句，作定語從句中的狀語。
【答案】 B
19.A.caught sight of B.listened to
C.heard D.thought
【答案】 C
20.A.nearby B.in the distance
C.on the far D.from the distance
【解析】 in the distance意為“遠處的”。
【答案】 B
§6.3 閱讀理解
A
Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What’s more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace-afraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb(原子彈)-tried hard to persuade President Franklin D.Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.
Although he wasn’t connected with any accepted religion(宗教),Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order.He once said,“God may know everything,but he is not hateful.”
1.From the passage we know that_____.
A.no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century
B.Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time
C.Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America
D.Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons
【解析】 此題考查細節判斷。文中指出，愛因斯坦有可能是20世紀最偉大的科學家，即是他那個時代最杰出的科學家。
【答案】 B
2.If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan,he would_____.
A.have continued his scientific research
B.have won another Nobel Prize for physics
C.not have advised starting uranium research in the U.S.A.
D.not have moved to the U.S.A.
【解析】 此題考查判斷推理能力。愛因斯坦熱愛和平，當時制造第一枚原子彈的目的是為了打擊納粹，維護世界和平，讓人民生活在和平、穩定的環境中。由此得知，假如他知道了題中的事實，他決不會建議搞核試驗研究。
【答案】 C
3.Einstein_____in 1933.
A.visited England and the U.S.A.
B.lost everything
C.became a man without a country
D.both A and C
【答案】 D
4.Einstein believed that everything in the universe_____.
A.was kept in order by its own law
B.had nothing to do with each other
C.happened in an irregular way
D.was made by the personal God
【解析】 此題考查細節事實。愛因斯坦堅信宇宙有其自己的規律，宇宙中的萬物是按宇宙本身的法則組合在一起的。
【答案】 A
B
“That's funny!These fellows in the middle of the plate have died.”Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London.He had been studying some germs(細菌）that he was growing on a plate.They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people.Dr Fleming found that a mould(霉菌）had floated in through the window landing on the plate.It had killed some of the germs it had touched.
“This certainly looks promising,”Fleming said.“We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”
He named the strange mould“penicillin”.It proved to be a killer of many germs.Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射）with penicillin.The twenty-five untreated mice died,but twenty-four of those lived that had been treated with penicillin.Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out.Hardly anybody took any notice of it.
In 1938 Dr Howard Florey,an Australian working in London,read Dr Fleming's report and was very interested.He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.When World War Ⅱ broke out,it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England.
Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made.It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers,sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.
1.Dr Alexander Fleming _____.
A.had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people
B.had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses
C.had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate
D.had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better
【解析】 此題考查細節事實。從文章的第二句可以得知。
【答案】 C
2.Some of the germs on the plate _____.
A.had been killed by a mould floating in through the window
B.had been killing one another,which was a surprise to Fleming
C.had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander Fleming
D.had been killed by a mould found by another doctor
【答案】 A
3.The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that _____.
A.they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin
B.they were almost dead ahead of the experiment
C.they were easy to die in the experiment
D.they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin
【解析】 此題考查綜合理解能力。實驗中死亡的25只小鼠被注射了毒菌而沒注射盤尼西林（Penicillin,俗稱青霉素），青霉素可以殺菌，因而注射了青霉素的小鼠得以存活，余下的死亡。
【答案】 D
4.In 1938,an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming's report and _____.
A.left England for America,making the drug
B.went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers,sailors and airmen
C.found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings
D.went to America to make this drug for mice
【答案】 C
5.The word“enormous”means _____.
A.剩余的 B.恰當的
C.少許的 D.巨大的
【解析】 此題考查詞義理解。根據上下文，二戰時青霉素供給不足，因此Dr Florey去了美國來幫助制造這種藥，這種藥數量應該是“巨大的，多的”。后文也證實，這些藥救了成千上萬人的性命。
【答案】 D
C
Einstein,a great scientist of the age,was almost as strange as his Theory of Relativity.
Once,while riding a street car in Berlin,he told the conductor that he had not given him the right change.The conductor counted the change again and found it to be correct,so he handed it to Einstein,saying,“The trouble with you is that you don't know your figures.”
Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity although a good many books had been written to explain it.
He had nothing but contempt(藐視）for the things most peopleset their hearts on-for fame and riches(財富）and luxury(奢華）.
He didn't want money or praise.He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work and playing the violin and sailing his boat.Einstein's violin brought him more joy than anything else in life.He said that he often thought in music.
1.The conductor thought Einstein _____.
A.wasn't good at maths
B.had a good memory
C.was either mad or strange
D.liked to make trouble
【解析】 售票員的話是在譏諷愛因斯坦的數學學得不好，連數都算不對。
【答案】 A
2.Einstein meant that many people _____.
A.knew his Theory of Relativity well because they could explain it
B.had written to have grasped his theory correctly
C.pretended to have grasped his abstract theory
D.admired him very much
【解析】 雖然很多人寫文章解釋他的相對論，但真正懂相對論的人只有12個人。
【答案】 C
3.Which of the following statements is true?
A.Einstein cared little for fame or wealth.
B.Einstein had nothing but enough fame and riches and luxury.
C.Einstein was eager for the things most people set their hearts on.
D.In the eyes of Einstein,most people had a strong wish to publish book on the theory.
【答案】 A
4.What Einstein enjoyed most was _____.
A.thinking in music
B.playing the violin
C.sailing his boat
D.to be deep in thought alone
【解析】 短文的最后說愛因斯坦鐘愛小提琴。
【答案】 B
5.The underlined part“set…hearts on”means _____.
A.believe B.have
C.love D.hate
【解析】 大多數人是熱愛名氣、財富和奢華的。
【答案】 C
D
Louis Pasteur,the famous French chemist and bacteriologist,invented“pasteurization”.In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille,and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries.Lille was a major centre for wine and beer-making,and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.At that time,it was believed that food and drinks go“bad”due to a purely chemical process(變化過程）.But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物）caused food and drinks to go bad.In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts(酵母）that caused the fermentation(發酵）process.Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine,with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air,and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous.It was named“pasteurization”in his honour,and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows' milk.The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(嬰兒腹瀉）and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products.This simple process has saved thousands,possibly millions,of lives worldwide.
1.Pasteur became _____ in 1854.
A.the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B.the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C.the general manager of a large beer-making company
D.the president of the University of Lille
【解析】 從“In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille”一句可知答案。
【答案】 A
2.According to the passage,Lille was a major centre for _____ in the mid-19th century.
A.growing grain crops
B.making beer and wine
C.doing chemical research
D.producing various kinds of yeasts
【解析】 從第一段中的“Lille was a major centre for wine and beer-making,and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh”一句可知答案。
【答案】 B
3.In the last sentence of paragraph 1,the underlined word “they” refers to_____.
A.wine and beer B.food and drinks
C.the various yeasts D.other organisms
【解析】 從第一段最后一句話可知they指的是食物和酒。
【答案】 B
4.We can infer from the passage that Pasteur's discovery_____.
A.is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products
B.did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
C.has done a lot of good to children in the world
D.has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
【解析】 短文的最后一段講述了在1900年Pasteur所發明的防止食物和酒變質的方法廣泛用于兒童所飲用的瓶裝牛奶，使世界上成千上萬的兒童免于死亡。
【答案】 C
E
In 1901,H.G. Wells,and English writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon.When the explorers(探險者)landed on the moon,they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities.They expressed their surprise to the“moon people”they met.In turn,the “moon people”expressed their surprise.“Why?”they asked,“are you travel ing to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?”
H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon.People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon.However,the question that the “moon people”asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Underground systems are already in place.Many cities have underground car parks.In some cities,such as Tokyo,Seoul and Montreal,there are large underground shopping areas.The“Chunnel”,a tunnel(隧道)connecting England and France,is now complete.
But what about underground cities?Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems,called“Alice Cities.”The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats,offices,shopping,and so on.A solar dome(太陽能穹頂)would cover the whole city.
Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space.The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks,gardens,and wilderness.H.G. Wells'“moon people”would agree.Would you?
1.The explorers in H.G. Wells' story were surprised to find that the“moon people”_____.
A.knew so much about the earth
B.understood their language
C.lived in so many underground cities
D.were ahead of them in space technology
【解析】 探險者在月球上發現了很多“月球人”居住的地下城市，從而感到驚奇。
【答案】 C
2.What does the underlined word“it”(paragraph 2)refer to?
A.Discovering the moon's inner space.
B.Using the earth's inner space.
C.Meeting the“moon people”again.
D.Traveling to outer space.
【解析】 第二段最后一句是“月球人”提出的問題，現在人們正在考慮這一問題的可行性。
【答案】 B
3.What sort of underground systems are already here with us?
A.Offices,shopping areas,power stations.
B.Tunnels,car parks,shopping areas.
C.Gardens,car parks,power stations..
D.Tunnels,gardens,offices.
【解析】 從文中“Underground systems are already in place.”“Many cities have underground car parks.”和“The Chunnel,a tunnel connecting England and France,is now complete.”三句話可知答案。
【答案】 B
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Alice Cities-cities of the future
B.Space travel with H.G. Wells
C.Enjoy living underground
D.Building down,not up
【解析】 短文提出了一個充分利用地下空間的問題：向地下發展。
【答案】 D
§6.4 短文改錯
Einstein liked music and played violin very
1._____
well,and though his mind was busy think about
2._____
problems of the nature,he had a rich sense of humour(幽默).
3._____
He could sometimes tell a joke or two even when he
4._____
was speaking an advanced theory of physics to a learned
5._____
group of men.For example, he was once given a talk
6._____
on his theory of time.He had discussed score of different
7._____
ideas about time when he suddenly stopped, and
8._____
with a look that seem to say “I’m sorry” he asked,
9._____
“Does someone know what time it is now? I’m
10._____
afraid I must stop here.”
【答案】
1.violin前加the 2.think→thinking
3.去掉the 4.could→would
5.speaking后加about 6.given→giving
7.score→scores 8.√
9.seem→seemed 10.someone→anyone
§6.5 書面表達
假設你是一名China Daily的記者，你在1998年1月為China Daily寫了一篇簡訊。
注意：1.要寫一個標題。
2.詞數為100～120。
提示：1.為迎接即將在法國舉行的世界杯足球賽，國際足聯將組織舉旗活動，以使比賽具有公平競爭的精神；
2.世界文明的斯尼克巧克力公司將給予資助；
3.活動時間：1998年2月～1998年4月；
4.活動范圍：法國所有主要城市；
5.參與對象：兩名經過挑選的中國青少年與382名來自世界其他各地的青少年；
6.比賽舉行期間，這些旗幟一直飄揚，以激勵人們刻苦、勇敢和競爭的精神。
參考詞匯：the 1998 World Cup Football Match;the International Football Federatio
n;fair play;Snickers;flag-holding ceremony
【參考答案】
Two Chinese Teenagers to Hold Flags for 1998 World Cup
To welcome the 1998 World Cup Football Match to be held in France,the International Football Federation is going to run a program.The program aided by Snickers,the world famous chocolate company,aims to bring the spirit of fair play to the coming match.
The program will go on from February to Apirl,1998,in all major cities all over France.Two Chinese teenagers will be chosen to join 382 other lucky boys and girls from all over the world to attend the flag-holding ceremony for the 1998 World Cup Football Match.
The flag will be flying throughout the games as a sign of fair play to encourage people to have the spirit of hard work,bravery and competition.
●資料選摘
Accidents May Happen
Kite
Probably the most famous kite in history was Benjamin Franklin's.In 1752 he flew a silk kite in a thunderstorm to prove that lightning and electricity are the same thing.
But kites have been used for many hundreds of years.Most experts believe kites originated in China about three thousand years ago.At first they were not used as a way to have fun on a breezy afternoon;the Chinese army used them as signals.A kite's color,its painted pattern,and the way it was flown could send messages far away.Kites were also used as beacons,to distribute pamphlets,and even to transport bombs.
Chinese soldiers tied bamboo shoots or stiff paper to their kites.When the kites soared overhead,the wind blowing through the bamboo or paper made a harsh whistling sound.The noise terrified the enemy,and they ran.
Just as today's kids imitate adults by playing with toy guns and toy airplanes,Chinese children quickly began flying kites.
Kites have been used through the centuries in religious ceremonies,at festivals,and as tools for studying weather.Kites contributed to people's knowledge as they began to build airplanes.