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淺談“have + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語”
be about to do when及still用法講解
本單元要點(diǎn)解答
Struggle to its feet
分析frighten的用法
bent用法講解
agree的用法
attract one's attention用法講解
enough
be about to的用法
淺談“have + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語”
have 作為使役動(dòng)詞，意為“使”、“讓C、“叫”，后跟復(fù)合賓語，即賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語，其用法有以下幾種：
1．have sb．／sth．doing
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，與賓語形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而且這種動(dòng)作往往具有持續(xù)、進(jìn)行的含義。如：
The two men had their lights burning all night long．那兩個(gè)人讓燈通宵亮著。
They tried to have her talking．But no use．他們想讓她說話。但沒用。
I have a car waiting for me．有輛汽車在等我。
另外，還可用句型 won't／can't＋have ＋sb．＋doing sth．，表示不允許或禁止。如：
I won't have you smoking at your age．我不允許你在你這個(gè)年齡就吸煙。
I can't have them wasting their time in this way．我不允許他們這樣浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
I can't have you catching cold．Run and change your wet clothes．我不能讓你著涼。快去把濕衣服換掉。
2．have sb．do sth．
省略 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，與賓語之間具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式往往表示一次性的具體動(dòng)作。如：
Mother had me post the letter at once．媽媽要我立即將信寄出去。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father．士兵讓這男孩背對(duì)父親站著。
Have the driver bring the car round at 4 o'clock．讓司機(jī)四點(diǎn)鐘把車開過來。
We'd be delighted to have you work with us．我們很高興你和我們一道工作。
3．have sth．done
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，與賓語形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。這一結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法已在本報(bào)第16期進(jìn)行了講解，這里不再贅述。
4．have 作使役動(dòng)詞，除了可以接以上三種常見的復(fù)合賓語外，也可接形容詞、副詞或介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)。如：
I want to have my room clean and tidy．我想使我的房間清潔、整齊。
It's sunny today．You'd better have your flowers out．今天天氣晴朗，你最好把你的花搬到外面去。
He'll have the sofa in this room．他要把沙發(fā)放在這個(gè)房間里。
注意：如 have 作“有”講，則其賓語后可接帶 to 的不定式作定語。如：
I have a composition to write，so I can'tgo swimming．我有一篇作文要寫，因此我不能去游泳了。
be about to do when及still用法講解
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本單元要點(diǎn)解答
1．I suggest we go shopping together and look for a nice tank．我建議我們一起去商店買一個(gè)精致的魚缸。
【問】suggest后跟賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語一定要用虛擬語氣嗎？
【答】不一定。一般來說，suggest后從句謂語的語氣是由它所表示的含義決定的。當(dāng)sug- gest作“建議”解時(shí)，后面賓語從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣，即用should加動(dòng)詞原形，或省去 should，只用動(dòng)詞原形。但是，當(dāng)suggest作“認(rèn)為，指出，暗示，表明”解時(shí)，后面賓語從句的謂語應(yīng)當(dāng)采用陳述語氣。例如：
I suggested that he（should）leave early．我建議他早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。
His failure in the exam suggested that he had not worked hard enough．他考試沒及格表明他學(xué)習(xí)還不夠努力。
2．Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one．要先看好價(jià)錢，然后再?zèng)Q定買不買。
【問】whether to buy one 是什么結(jié)構(gòu)？其中的whether能否用 if 替換？
【答】句中的 whether to buy one 是“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作及物動(dòng)詞decide的賓語。 whether作“是否”講，用在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，不能用if代替（不說：if to buy one）。又如：
He wanted to know whether to phone her．他想知道是否給她打電話。（不能說：．．．know if to phone her．）
3．The hurricane last night had been a great surprise．．．昨晚的颶風(fēng)來得太突然……
【問】句中的 surprise 究竟是不可數(shù)名詞還是可數(shù)名詞？
【答】英語中的抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)的，但有些既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)。這里的 surprise 就是一個(gè)例子。surprise 作“驚訝”解時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；作“令人驚訝（或驚奇）的事”解時(shí)，又是可數(shù)名詞。這時(shí)，它前面可加不定冠詞，有時(shí)還可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
To our surprise，Dick's dog stood up and walked on its hind legs．使我們驚訝的是，狄克的狗站立起來，并且用后腿走路。
His success was a great surprise．他的成功是令人十分驚訝的事情。
Her life was full of surprises．她的一生充滿驚奇事件。
由此可見，所問句子中的 surprise 應(yīng)該是可數(shù)名詞。
表示情緒、心態(tài)的抽象名詞可以這樣用的還有： joy，pity，anxiety，pleasure 等。
4．She was just about to open the window and shout at the dog to frighten it，when she stopped and stood quite still．她正準(zhǔn)備打開窗戶，大聲嚇唬那條狗。這時(shí)，她突然停住了，站著一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)。
【問】這兒的 when 可用 while 替換嗎？怎樣理解句中的 stood quite still？
【答】句中的 when 不可以用 while 替換。when 在此處的意思是“這時(shí)（突然）”、“就在這個(gè)（那個(gè)）時(shí)候”（＝and then，and at that time）；它起連詞的作用，連接兩個(gè)分句。這種用法的 when 常見于以下三種情況：
I was thinking of this when I heard my name called．
我正想著這件事，突然聽到（有人）叫我的名字。
We were about to start when it began to rain．我們正要?jiǎng)由恚驮谶@時(shí)下起雨來了。
We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang．我們剛剛?cè)胨蝗烩徛曧懥似饋怼?/p>
stood quite still中的 stood 是連系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞still（靜止的，不出聲的）作表語。除 stand 外，還有 sit，lie 等動(dòng)詞也可以用作連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語，說明句子的主語處于某種狀態(tài)。例如：
After a moment，the lion fell over and lay still．不一會(huì)兒，獅子就倒在地上，一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)了。
Disney sat still in the garage and drew pictures there．迪斯尼靜靜地坐在車庫里畫畫兒。
5．“We've just sent her to sleep，” said the keeper．飼養(yǎng)員說：“我們只是讓她睡覺。”
【問】這里的 sleep 我想是動(dòng)詞吧。是不是？
【答】不是。它是名詞，因?yàn)榍懊娴?to 是介詞；send sb．to sth．表示“使某人進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)”。又如：
The warm sun sends me to sleep．暖暖的太陽催我入睡。
If you don't tell the climber of the danger，you may have sent him to his death．如果你不把危險(xiǎn)告訴登山者，你會(huì)讓他送命的。
另外，send sth．（sb．）doing 表示“使……不由自主地……”。如：
That the bus moved suddenly sent me falling back to the ground．公共汽車突然開動(dòng)使我往后倒在地上。
The explosion sent glass flying everywhere．爆炸使玻璃四處紛飛。
Struggle to its feet
分析frighten的用法
frighten v.
①使某人感到恐懼，使害怕
Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you.
Loud traffic frightens horses.
②驚嚇某人，使某人恐怖或驚愕
The children was frightened to death by the violent thunderstorm.
You frightened me out of my life by knocking on the window like that.
③嚇得某人做某事 frighten sb. into doing
News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors.
④其形容詞frightened意為恐懼的，害怕的;frightening，引起恐懼的，驚恐的
Frightened children were calling for their mothers.
He looked very frightened as he spoke.
It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war.
bent用法講解
agree的用法
同意，贊同，后可接with, to, on
agree with與某人意見一致，多接人或指氣候、食物適合某人或指一物與另一物相符。
The professor agrees with what his students have said.
The climate here doesn't agree with Xiao Wang.
His stories agree with hers in everything.
agree to后接具體表建議、計(jì)劃、安排辦法意見之類的名詞。
The patient doesn't agree to the doctor's plan.
All the pupils agree to our teacher's proposal.
agree on 就......取得一致意見
All the members agreed on the date of the next meeting.
Most of the workers agree on the plan of work.
attract one's attention用法講解
enough
enough
①n.足夠，充足，后常接for短語或動(dòng)詞不定式，還可接of短語，of后接名詞或代詞，接名詞時(shí)，名詞前必須有限定詞。
Enough has been said on how to do it.
He has had enough to eat.
He was enough of a fool to do that.
②adj.充足的，足夠的，可修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，可前置也可后置。
We have enough time to finish the work.
There are seats enough for the people coming to the meeting.
③adv.充足地，足夠地，十分；修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞，必須后置
The book is easy for me to read.
He knows well enough what I mean.
be about to的用法
正準(zhǔn)備做某事，即將做某事，通常與when連用，表示就要......突然......
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
He was about to tell me the secret when she came back.
而句型be doing...when表示正在......突然......
I was going on my way home when I heard a call from behind.
The teacher was just beginning the lesson when the door opened.