I. 重點詞語
active adj. 積極的；主動的；敏捷的
hopeless adj. 絕望的；無望的
throw away 扔掉
deal with 處理
get rid of 擺脫
depend on 依靠; 視……而定
break up 分解(物理變化)
be active in 在……積極
make an active effort 努力
take out 拿出, 去掉
compared with 與……比較
clean up 收拾; 整理
take up 吸收(水分); 溶解(固體)
II. 課文講解
一. 難句分析
1. Let me remind you what we are looking for.我來提醒大家一下我們要找的東西。
remind vt. - to make someone think about something they might have forgotten提醒；使人們想起（可能忘記的事）
If I forget, please remind me.如果我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐摇?/p>
Please remind me that I must call him up before noon.請?zhí)嵝盐以谥形缰敖o他打個電話。
2. I suppose it's better to be safe than sick.我想平安總比生病好。
suppose 意為"想，認為，猜測"；(同義詞：think, guess)
I suppose that is my fault.我想那是我的錯。
I don't suppose I'll trouble you again.我想我不會再來麻煩你了。
He supposed it was too late to change his mind.他想改變主意已為時太晚。
Who could have supposed you were going to do such a thing?
誰會想到你竟要做這樣一件事呢？
suppose還常用于插入語中，如：
You don't mind my smoking, I suppose?我想你不介意我抽支煙吧？
What do you suppose that dance is?你認為那是什么舞蹈？
3. How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today.
get rid of除掉，擺脫
He cant' get rid of the cold.
You should get rid of your bad habits.
4. In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is poured directly into the sea without being treated.在許多有海岸的國家，人類的糞便沒經(jīng)過處理就直接投入了大海。
without意為"不；沒有"，后跟名詞或V-ing形式。如：
He went to work without his breakfast.他沒吃早飯就上班去了。
She passed by without saying hello to me.她走了過去，竟然沒跟我打聲招呼。
Tom entered the room without being seen by anyone.湯姆在誰也沒看見的情況下進了屋
5. Although the sea breaks up the waste, beaches may become polluted and may not be safe to eat.雖然海水可分解廢物，但海灘會被污染，魚吃起來也會不安全。
break up意為"分解；分裂；驅(qū)散；解散"
Sentence can be broken up into clauses, and clauses into phrases.
句子可分為各種子句，子句可分為各種短語。
6. Other waste may be thrown into the sea, either 19 kilometers from land, or more than 40 kilometers from land, depending on the nature of the materials.其他的廢物可以倒入海中，或者離陸地１９公里，或者離陸地４０公里，這取決于材料的性質(zhì)。
depend on依靠；依賴；視……而定
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.兒女們依賴他們的父母供給衣食。
Price depends on the quality.價格依質(zhì)量而定。
Whether we'll go camping or not this weekend depends on the weather.
這個周末是否去露營要看天氣。
7. The problem of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been set up to protect the world and to fight against pollution.處理廢物的問題變得如此重要以至于現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)建立了好幾個國際組織，來保護世界和與污染作斗爭。
deal with對付；處理；與……打交道；論述；涉及
That matter has already been dealt with.那件事已經(jīng)處理了。
The sick man was difficult to manage, but the nurse dealt with him all right.
這個病人不好管理，但那個護士對他卻很有辦法。
The article deals with the housing problem.這篇文章論述了住房問題。
8. It has a research team of scientists and has been very active in protecting the Pacific Ocean.它（綠色和平組織）有一支由科學(xué)家組成的研究隊伍，在保護太平洋的工作中一直是很積極的。
be active in在……方面積極
He is always active in politics.他總是積極從事于政治。
She has been very active in helping those disabled children.她一直積極致力于幫助殘疾孩子。
二. 固定用法與辨析
1. 辨析gather與collect:
兩詞都表示"集中，歸攏"，但兩者有細微區(qū)別。
gather既可用于人，也可用于物。如：
gather flowers 采集花
gather one's ideas together集中思想。
collect很多場合與gather完全同義，但一般只用于物，指有選擇或有一定計劃將零散事物歸攏。如：
collect money: 籌募資金
gather money 攢錢。
2. 辨析seek 與search:
兩詞都表"搜尋"，但有差別。
seek指對高目標或抽象事物的追求。如：
seek knowledge渴望知識。
而search指仔細尋找或檢查某地點或某人。如：
The police searched his house. 警察搜查了他的房子。
3. 辨析rubbish與refuse:
兩詞都表"廢物，垃圾"，但兩者有細微差別。
refuse指堆積在一起的破爛無用東西。如：
The refuse was unloaded at the city dump. 垃圾傾倒在城市的垃圾場上。
rubbish指垃圾特意集中起來以便清除掉，但不象refuse那樣成堆成批的存在，該詞也常用于比喻。如：
Put the rubbish into the fire. 把垃圾燒掉。
He talked a lot of rubbish. 他說了一大堆廢話。
4. 辨析sort of與a sort of:
sort of是口語用語，只能作狀語，放在所修飾的動詞、形容詞前，表示"有幾分，有點兒"。如：
I sort of thought you might do it. 我有幾分料到你會這么做。
a sort of 只作定語，表示"一種……"。如：
a new sort of radio 一種新型收音機。
三. 語法知識
Word Formation
英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法：
1. 轉(zhuǎn)化（conversion）是由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一詞類，拼寫不變。
（1）v. →n. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)化名詞，意思變化不大。
have a try 試一試 go for a walk 去散步
（2）v. →n. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)化名詞，意思有一定的變化。
equal say平等的發(fā)言權(quán)
（3）n.→v. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化動詞。
book the ticket 定票 chair the meeting 主持會議
（4）adj→v. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化動詞。
The train slowed down. 火車減速了。
The sun can warm up the soil. 太陽可使土地暖和起來。
（5）v. →n. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞后重音發(fā)生變化。動詞重音在后，名詞重音在前。
increase [in'kri:s] v. 增加 ['inkri:s] n. 增加
2. 派生（Derivation）通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞。
（1） 前綴
i. 反義詞前綴：un-, dis-, in-, im-, ir-, it-, non
ii. 其他意思前綴：re-重新；co-共同；anti-反對；over-過于；pre-預(yù)先；post-在……之后；fore-前；self-自動的，自我的；semi-半 vice-副；bi-雙；tri-三。
iii. 動詞構(gòu)成前綴：en-(endanger)
iv. a-構(gòu)成形容詞（asleep）
（2） 后綴
i. 名詞：-er, -or, -ess, -ian, -ness, -tion, -ment, -ing, -ship, -ity, -ance, -ence等。
ii. 形容詞：-ful, -less, -ish, -ous, -able, -ly, -y, -some
iii. 動詞：-ize, -en, -ify
iv. 副詞：-ly, -ward, -wise
v. 數(shù)詞：-teen, -ty, -th
3. 合成（Compounding）由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。
i. 形容詞：good-looking 好看的；peace-loving 熱愛和平的
ii. 名詞：shorthand速記；waiting room候車室
iii. 動詞：overthrow推翻
iv. 副詞：maybe 或許；whoever不管是誰