本章教學目標

1. 學會詢問某人的身份、職業等交際用語；

2. 掌握名詞性從句作主語、表語和賓語；

3. 閱讀理解有關人物使記的文章；

4. 根據課文，練習寫作人物生平的總結。

重點難點突破

【對話】

1．Four American students are comparing notes on famous people.

四個學生在談論著名的科學家。

compare notes on sth.／with sb.交換意見；談論；對筆記

There are a few things we might compare notes on. 有些事情我們得交換一下意見。

歸納：compare sth.with sth.，把……與……相比較，compare sth.to sth.把……比作……，comparedto／with 和……比起來(做狀語)

2．I′m doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. 我在猜報紙上的字謎游戲。

(1)puzzle名詞，“難題、謎”，用作單數時，作“迷惑、困惑”解釋。

He is in a puzzle about the matter.他對這件事大惑不解。

It is a puzzle to me how he could come here.他如何能到這來，對我來說是個難解的問題。

(2)do a word puzzle=do a puzzle in words=do word puzzles 猜字謎，fitthepuzzle對上了字謎，find outthe puzzle猜出謎底。

(3)puzzle動詞，意為“使……迷惑”、“使……為難”。

Puzzled by his puzzling problem，I didn't know how to answer，so therewas a puzzled expression on my face.他的迷惑不解的問題難住了我，我不知怎樣回答，所以臉上有一種迷惑不解的表情。

搭配：puzzle one's brains about／over sth.為某事大傷腦筋／絞盡腦汁，puzzle out思索而得，puzzle over苦思

【課文】

1．By the time he was fourteen years old，he had learned maths byhimself到十四歲時，他已經自學了數學。

by the time是個連詞，意為“到……時候”，指不遲于某時，或甚至于在某時以前(已經完成的動作)。注意主從句的時態。

By the time he woke up,he found the others had already set out.當他醒來后，他發現其他的人早已出發了。

We shall have left by the time you come back here.當你回來時，我們已經離開了。

Breakfast will be ready by the time you have dressed.等到你穿好衣服時，早餐就會準備好了。

注意：by表示時間，不遲于……， 到……為止。當by后接將來時間時，句子時態用一般將來時或將來完成時；當by后接現在時間時，句子時態用現在完成時態；當by后接過去時間時，句子時態用過去完成時。

2．He found it hard to get along with the otherboys.他發現很難與其他的孩子相處。

如果賓語有自己的補語時，常常先用“it”作形式賓語代替它，而把用作賓語的動詞不定式或that從句放到后面。

He found it better that he should get up early in the morning.他覺得早上早點起床要好些。

必背：帶有形式賓語的常見動詞有：consider、believe、feel.make、find、know、resard等。

切記；it不能代替what從句。

3．be contentto do sth.愿意、樂意做某事

She seems well content to sit in front of TV set all night.她似乎很樂意整晚都座在電視機前。

be content with +n.／pron.感到滿足、安心

My father had to be content with this small success.我父親只好滿足于這次小小的成功。

content oneself/sb.with使自己／某人滿足于

We should never content ourselves with book knowledge.我們切不可僅滿足于一點書本知識。

4．go on with/go on doing/go on to do

(1)go on with后面必須接名詞作賓語

(2)go on doing繼續或不斷地做同一件事

(3)go on to do是指做完一件事以后轉而去做其他事

5．...which／ed to his new discoveries in physics.這導致了他物理學方面的新發現。

(1)leadto導致；引起：造成。to為介詞，其后跟名詞、代詞、-ing形式。

Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.過量工作和休息不足經常引起疾病。

This kind of test is bad because it leads to incorrect learning.這種測試很糟糕，因為它導致不正確的學習(方法)。

(2)lead to／lead sb.to some place通向；領著某人去，帶領

All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅馬。

This road willlead you to the hospital.走這條路，你會到醫院的。

注意：lead作“帶領、引導”解釋時不能跟不定式的復合結構，只能跟一個介詞短語。如：他領那位盲人過街。應說成：He ledthe blind across the street.而不是：He led the blind to walk across the street.

6．Such was Albert Einstein.這就是愛因斯坦。

此句為倒裝句，句中的such是代詞，意思是“這”或“這些”，在句首指代上文所說的情況，注意本句型是倒裝句以及謂語動詞的單復數。

Such are the results we have got.這些就是我們取得的成果。

7． But Einstein was able to prove that light...

(1)prove vt.“證明：證實；驗證”，其后跟名詞、代詞、從句和復合結構。

One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad.一件瘋事并不足以證明一個人是瘋子。

They will prove that we are telling the truth.他們可以證明我們講的都是事實。

It has been proved that failure is the mother of success.事實證明失敗是成功之母。

(2)prove連系動詞，“證明，結果是”，后跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞或to be。

His efforts proved(to be)a failure.他的努力結果證明是失敗的。

The book has proved of great help to us...這本書證明對我們是很有用的。

8．aPPear“好像”

(1)appear后接形容詞、名詞時可加to be;appear后還可接不定式的各種形式。

He appeared(tobe)rich.他顯得很富。(冒充富)

He appearedtohave heard ofthe news.他好像聽說了這個消息。

(2)appear可用于形式主語it的句型中，后接that從句。

It appeared(to me)that she would probably never walk.看來她永遠不能夠行走了。

(3)appear可用于there為引導詞的句型結構中。

There appeared to be only one room.好像就一個房間。

9．He worked out just how much the light would be bent.

(1)算出，解(題)(getthe result for)

He said he could work this puzzle out,but he didn't.他說他能解出這道難題，但他并沒解出來。

(2)作出，制訂出，解出。常可譯作：理解，弄懂；看出。

You had better work out a plan first.你最好先制訂個計劃。

I can't work out the meaning ofthe poem.我不理解這首詩的意思。

10．stick to“堅持(意見、原則、計劃、決定、諾言等)”，有“執意不改變”的含義。

No matter what you say,I shall stick to my stand.不管你說什么我會堅持我的立場。

You have made a promise and you should stick to it.你許下諾言，你就應該堅持。

11．take sides參加某事；支持某人，袒護某人，常與介詞in(sth)和with(sb.)搭配，take the side of支持某人／某一方；on the side of站在……一邊

Tom did not take sides in the quarrel between them.湯姆沒有介入他們的爭吵。

We took the side ofthe workers in the strike.在罷工中我們支持工人。

The United States entered the gulf war on the side of Kuwait.美國參加海灣戰爭以支持科威特。

1. All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone.

在他整個一生中，他樂意孤身一人度過他的大部分時光。

(1) content為形容詞，作“滿足的，滿意的，甘愿的”解。be content to do sth.

表示“愿意、樂意做某事”，相當于be willing or ready to do sth. 。e. g.

I should be well content to do so. 我很愿意這樣干。

(2) content還可以作動詞用，一般為及物動詞，常用content sb. /oneself(with) 這個詞組。e. g.

We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.

我們切不可滿足于僅僅有一點書本知識。

(3) content作不可數名詞用時，意為“滿足”或表示滿意的狀態。e. g.

Now she began to live in peace and content.

現在她開始生活平靜而滿足。

習慣搭配

(1)表示“滿足于”的意思，除可用to content oneself with這一動詞詞組外，還可用形容詞短語形式to be content with。e. g.

Are you content with your present salary? 你對現在的薪水滿意嗎?

(2) content常作名詞，用于to one's heart's content短語中，意為“盡情地”。e . g.

We can swim in the river to our heart's content.

我們能夠在這條河里盡情游泳。

2. When he was a young boy he used to ask lots of questions.

他小時候經常提出許多問題。

(1) used to+動詞原形，意為“過去經�！�。e. g.

He is not what he used to be. 他已不是從前的他了。

(2) used to的否定式為used not或didn't use. 疑問句可用used開頭，也可用did開頭。e. g.

①He usedn't/didn't use to come. 他過去不常來。

②You used to go there, usedn't/didn't you?

你過去常到那里去，不是嗎?

3. It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killings.

據說，他從音樂中找到了在充滿戰爭與屠殺的世界里所失去的和平。

(1)這是一個由引導詞it引導的句子，it是形式主語，that從句是真正的主語，在that從句中又有一個主從復合句，其中主句是he found. . . peace，后跟一個由which引導的定語從句，先行詞為peace，介詞短語in music作狀語。

(2)full of是形容詞短語(相當于filled with)，作“充滿”解釋。

(3)missing在這里是形容詞，意為“失去的，找不到的”。

4. The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.

困難在于怎樣才能向其他科學家證明他的想法。

由連接副詞how引導的從句how he could prove his ideas to other scientists是表語從句。

其他連接副詞如when, where, why, because等也可以引導表語從句分別用來說明時間、地點、因果等事實。本課最后一句就是很好的例子：

That is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933.

那就是愛因斯坦和他的家人于1933年離開歐洲去美國的原因。

另外，連接代詞that, what也可以引導表語從句。

核心知識

【常用單詞積累】

單詞：content; prove; stick; respect; leading; rule; advance; advanced; education; course

詞組：do a word puzzle 猜字謎

compare notes 交換意見、看法等

get along with sb. 與……相處

be content to do sth. 滿足于做某事

go on with 繼續

lead to 通向

the Nobel Prize for Physics 諾貝爾物理獎

a cheque for $1500 1500美元的一張支票

take American nationality 獲得美國國籍

make music 創作樂曲

work out 算出；解決；效果(如何)

stick to 堅持

take sides (in) 站在……一邊

advanced mathematics 高等數學

further education 進修；深造

【基礎知識精講】

1. I'm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.

我正在猜這份報上的字謎。

(1) puzzle作名詞時，意為“難題，謎，復雜難懂的事物”。e. g.

He is in a puzzle about the matter. 他對這件事大惑不解。

(2) puzzle作動詞用時，作“使……迷惑，使……為難”解釋。e. g.

This letter puzzles me. 這封信使我迷惑不解。

習慣搭配

puzzle 作動詞時，可和某些介詞構成詞組。如：

puzzle one's brains about (或over)sth. 為某事大傷腦筋

puzzle out 思索而得

puzzle over 苦思

2. . . . he went on with his studies at university.

……他又繼續他的大學學習。

動詞go的主要意思有“去，走，到達；變成，處于……狀態；運轉，進行；消失，逝去”等 等。e. g.

①The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽運轉。

②My father's hair is going grey. 我父親的頭發漸漸變成灰白。

③My eyesight is going. 我的視力越來越差。

習慣搭配

(1) go on with sth. 作“繼續從事某事”解釋。通常指接著干同一件事，但中間有間隔。e. g.

After ten minutes' break, they went on with their conversation.

休息十分鐘后，他們接著交談。

(2) go on doing sth. 繼續不停地干同一件事，中間未停頓。e. g.

He went on doing his experiment and paid no attention to any of us.

他繼續做實驗，沒有注意到我們中任何一人。

(3) go on to do sth. 干完一件事后，接著干另一件事。e. g.

Let's go on to discuss another question!

我們接著去討論另一個問題吧!

3. With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905.

他用所得的工資和積蓄，又繼續他的大學學習，并于1905年，在這所大學獲得博士學位。

(1)句中with the pay that he received and saved是介詞with引導的方式狀語，that he received and saved是由關系代詞that引導的定語從句，修飾pay。where引導的是非限制性定語從句，where指at university。

(2) degree: A grade or rank to which scholars are admitted by a college or university 學位。大學的學位有三級，即：學士(bachelor's degree)，碩士(master's degree)，博士(doctor's degree)。如：bachelor's degree of physics物理學學士。

4. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.

阿爾伯特愛因斯坦，就是這樣一位單純樸實的20世紀最偉大的科學家。

(1)該句是倒裝句，such(＝such a man)是代詞，作表語，Albert Einstein是主語 ，a simple. . . scientist是同位語。

(2)注意這種倒裝語序的謂語動詞，應視具體情況而定單數形式、復數形式。這種倒裝語序的謂語動詞，應與主語保持單、復數對應一致關系。e. g.

Such were the viewpoints of Dr. Green, a famous physicist in Britain.

這些就是英國著名的物理學家格林博士的觀點。

5. But Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research.

但是，愛因斯坦仍然堅持自己的觀點，繼續他的探索。

(1)句中stick to意為“堅持，固守”。e. g.

I stick to what I said at the meeting. 我堅持我在會上所說的話。

(2)動詞stick有及物或不及物用法，含義有“把……插入，塞進，粘貼，刺入，陷 入，忍耐”等。e. g.

①A nail stuck in the tire of my car. 一顆釘子扎入我的車胎了。

②The two stamps have stuck together. 那兩張郵票粘在了一起。

(3) stick作名詞時意為“棍棒，樹枝，手杖，球桿”等。e. g.

He put a stick into the ground to mark the point.

他在地上插了一根棍子作為那個地點的記號。

習慣搭配

(1)動詞stick的成語有許多。如：Stick to it! 堅持到底!

(2) stick的過去分詞也用于許多成語中。e. g.

①Are you stuck on this question? 你被這個問題難住了嗎?

②It looks at if I'm stuck with the job of clearing up this mess.

看來我得長期干這收拾雜物的活。

6. He had taken Swiss nationality in 1901 and therefore did not have to join the army, as Switzerland did not take sides in the war.

在1901年，他加入瑞士國籍，由于瑞士人在大戰中沒有參加戰爭的任何一方，因此他也沒有必要去當兵。

to take sides意為“參加”，后面接“介詞in+sth. ”，或接“介詞with+sb. ”其中side是名詞，原義為“一邊，一(方)面，旁邊，斜坡”等。e. g.

It is safer to take sides with the stronger party. 參加實力較強的一方是比較穩妥的。

習慣搭配

take the side of, be on the side of作“支持某一方”、“袒護……”解釋。e. g.

①We took the side of the workers in the strike. 在罷工中我們支持工人一方。

②The United States entered the gulf war on the side of Kuwait. 美國參加海灣戰爭以支持科威特。

聯想遷移

(1)參加軍隊或組織，加入黨派，或參入某人一起做某事，常用join動詞。e. g.

Won't you join us in a tennis match? 你不想參加我們的網球比賽嗎?

(2)參加某活動常用短語動詞take part in。e. g.

Did you take part in the fighting? 你參加過那次戰斗嗎?

(3)參加會議、聚會、典禮等常用動詞attend。e. g.

The party was well attended. 那次聚會有很多人參加。

(4)表示袒護、支持某人，還可用動詞短語 take the part of a person或take a person's part。

7. This work provided him with enough money to live on.

這項工作給他提供足夠的生活資金。

句中provide是及物動詞，意為“提供”。e. g.

Sheep provide wool. 羊提供羊毛。

(1)供給某人某物，可使用to provide sb. with sth. 或 to provide sth. for sb . 。e. g.

They provided the sufferers with food and clothes.

＝They provided food and clothes for the sufferers.

他們提供食物和衣服給受難者。

(2) provide for是“贍養，撫養”的意思。e. g.

He had to provide for the large family. 他必須贍養這個大家庭。

聯想遷移

(1)過去分詞provided和現在分詞providing可起連詞作用，其后跟可以省略that的從句，用來表達“在……條件下，倘若”之意。e. g.

①Provided(that) there is no opposition, I will act as representative of our class. 倘若沒有反對的話，我將擔任本班的代表。

②I shall go providing(that) it doesn't rain. 倘若不下雨，我就去。

(2)表示“供給”之意，還可使用動詞短語to supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth . to sb. 。 e. g.

The government decided to supply the refugees with houses.

＝The government decided to supply houses to the refugees.

政府決定供給難民住房。

8. He already knew what he wanted to be when he grew up.

他已經知道他長大后，該干什么。

(1)這是一個主從復合句，主句是He already knew. . . 。由what引導的從句是賓語從句，在句中作knew的賓語，when he grew up是一個時間狀語從句，在句中作to be的狀語。

【單元知識綱要】

類別

語言項目

詞 匯

content, stick, respect, advance, education, do a word puzzle, get along with sb, lead to, make music, work out, further education.

日常交

際用語

Is it. . . ?

No, it is not him.

Is he(she). . . ?

Who is he?

What did he do?

語法

學習名詞性從句作主語的用法

典型例題

【基礎題】

★例1_______was the story that happened to my family last year.

A．What B．Allthat C．Such D．All such

導析：此題中that引導的是定語從句，修飾story，如果去掉定語從句，則留下主句--wasthe story。如用what，句末必須用問號，因此應該用such這個代詞。答案：C

★例2 Someone is ringing the doorbelL Go and see_________.

A．whoisit B．whoheis C．whois he D．whoitis

導析：對不明身份性別的人使用代詞it，所填結構為賓語從句，語序應為疑問詞加上正常語序。答案：D

【易錯題】

★★例1

--This jacketdoesn't________me.Do you have a larger size?

--Yes,but the color is different.Does it_________you?

A．fit;suit B．suit;fit C．fit;fit D．suit;suit

導析： fit表示“合適”，通常表示衣、帽鞋等物的大小、尺寸、形狀等方面的“合適”。suit也表示“適合”，但常用來指衣著、款式、顏色等方面的“合適”或“中……之意”。答案：A

★★例2 The suit fitted him well__________the color was a little bright.

A．exceptfor B．except that C．except when D.besides

導析：except that后面跟從句，意思是“只不過”。except when后跟時間狀語從句。except for后跟名詞或名詞短語。答案：B

【創新題】

★★例1_________makes mistakes must correct them．

A．No matter who B．Whoever

C．Anyone D．Who

導析：no matter who只用于作從屬連詞引導讓步狀語從句。whoever相當于anybody／those who，作名詞從句的主語。根據題意：“無論誰犯了錯誤都必須改正”。答案：B

★★★例2________fashion differs from country to country may refleet the cul-tural differencesfrom one aspect.

A．What B．That C．This D．Which

導析：that引導主語從句時起連接作用，本身無具體含義，位于句首時多不能省略。答案：B

【高考題】

★★★例1 (2002年,上海春季)When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule：Always give the monkey exactly he wants.

A．what B．which C．when D．that

導析：相當于“the thing(s)／person that...”， 即“先行詞+賓語從句”結構。what引導名詞性從句時，不可省略。答案：A

★★★例2(1996年，全國)-we'll go campingtomorrow depends onthe weather.

A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where

導析：whether和if含義相同，均表示“是否”的意思，但引導主語從句且主語從句不后置時，只能用whether，不能用if。答案：B單元綜合訓練

【閱讀分析】

Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership(伙伴關系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed so me birds sitting on the back of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but they find easy food in the parasites(寄生蟲) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can man age without each other, they do better together.

Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals(珊瑚) of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants which act as “dustman”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.

1. Some birds like to sit on a sheep because .

A. they can eat its parasites

B. they depend on the sheep for existence

C. they enjoy travelling with the sheep

D. they find the position most comfortable

解析 這是一道細節題。答案是A。文中You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want to ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites on sheep. 便是該題的信息。

2. The underlined word “they” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to .

A. birds and parasites B. birds and sheep

C. parasites and sheep D. sheep, birds and parasites

解析 這是一道所指題。劃線單詞系指鳥和羊，故B為答案。

3. It can be learnt from the text that the coral depends on the plant for .

A. comfort B. light C. food D. oxygen

解析 這是一道判斷題。從文中In their skins they have tiny plants which act as “dustman”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. 一句可以得出結論，D為該題的正確答案。

4. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?

A. Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence

B. Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily

C. Some pants depend on each other for food

D. Some animals live better together.

解析 該題要求考生找出第二自然段的中心思想。本段通過例舉珊瑚來證明動植物為了生存而相互依靠，故A為最佳答案。

【課本難題解答】

Lesson 50

2. 1879：He was born in Germany.

From 1895 on: He studied at a university in Switzerland.

1905: He received a doctor's degree.

1921: He won the Nobel Prize for physics.

1933: He and his family left Europe for the USA.

1940: He took American nationality.

1955: He died in the USA.

4. 1)received 2)accepted 3)accept 4)received

5)received 6)receive 7)accept

Lesson 51

1. 1)× 2)√ 3)√ 4)× 5)√ 6)× 7)√ 8)× 9)×

2. 1)whether it is worth doing or not

2)that I forgot/have forgotten her address

3)why she doesn't want to see you

4)where he was born

5)what we always worry about/we are always worried about

6)that we can't afford(to buy) the big house

7)how we can reduce the noise

8)that they should improve their own spoken English first

【有關"Unit 13 Albert Einstein" 的教學設計】

教學設計1. g2u13 Albert Einstein 教案

學習目標：

單元雙基學習目標

Ⅰ. 四會單詞和詞組：ruler , go on with , the First World War , worldwide , right (n .) , peace , work out , stick (vi .) , stick to , rule , course (n .)

三會單詞和詞組：communist , professor , scientific , darkness , shy , content , lead to , discovery , cheque , human right , prove , bent , respect , leading , sadness , take sides in , fuel , advance , advanced , mathematics , education , further education , technical

Ⅱ. 交際英語：怎樣表達詢問與推測

1. Is it … ? No , it isn’t not him .

2 . Is he / she … ?

3 . Who is he / she ?

4 . What did he do ?

5 . It must be him / her … .

Ⅲ. 語法重點：

學習名詞性從句作主語的用法。作主語的名詞性從句，因其在復合句中作主語，所以稱為主語從句。名詞性從句作主語時常被換為 it 作形式主語。

教案內容：

內容1：教學重點與難點

內容2：語法發散思維

內容3：同步練習

　

教學設計2. Unit 13 Albert Einstein

教案內容：

內容1：教學過程

　

教學設計3. 高二英語 Uint 13 Albert Einstein

學習目標：

教學目的和要求

⒈單詞和詞組

ruler

L.49

四會

go on with the First World War wouldwide right(n.)

L.50

peace

work out stick(vi.) stick to ruler

L.51

course(n.)

L.52

communist professor

L.49

三會

scientific darkness shy content lead to discovery

L.50

cheque human right

prove bent respect leading sadness take sides(in)

L.51

fuel

advance advanced mathematics education

L.52

further education technical

Albert Einstein Alexander Bell

L.49

二會

the Nobel Prize bookmark

L.50

Swiss Hitler Jew

L.51

⒉日常交際用語：

Is it…? No, it’s not him/her Is he/she…?

Who is he/she? What did he do? It must be him/her

⒊語法：

學習名詞性從句作語的用法。

教案內容：

【關于“Unit 13 Albert Einstein”的常見問題】

常見問題1: Unit 13 Albert Einstein

問題：

Those who are not with the progress they have made will have greater success.

A. proud B. afraid C. popular D. content

解答:

分析 答案為D。be proud of以……為自豪；be afraid of 怕……；be popular with 受……歡迎。

常見問題2: Unit 13 Albert Einstein

問題：

she couldn't understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that

解答:

分析 答案為A。understand為及物動詞，其后無賓語，故應 選擇連接代詞what。因為主語從句已具有否定意義，表語從句意義不完整，所以由句意可知，表語從句需用why。

常見問題3: Unit 13 Albert Einstein

問題：

Premier Zhou to be unforgettable in the hearts of Chinese people.

A. proved B. regarded C. thought D. considered

解答:

分析 答案為A。sb. be regarded(thought) to be+n. (adj. ); regard sb. as+n. (porn. )把……當作……。故不能選擇B、C、D。prove為連系動詞，不定式作表語。