單元目標(biāo)
1．正確掌握并能熟練運用幾種過去時：
一般過去時，過去進行時，過去完成時和過去完成進行時
①一般過去時
(A)表示某一確定的過去時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)
eg：When did the Red Army started on the Long March?
紅軍什么時候開始長征的?
(B)表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生成為習(xí)慣的動作
eg：We used to get up at 5 every morning when we were in the country．
在農(nóng)村時，我們每天早晨5點起床．
(C)在時間、條件狀語從句中，一般過去時代替過去將來時
eg：The meeting would start the moment he arrived．
他一到，會議就將開始．
②過去進行時
(A)表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作
eg：What were you doing at 8 p．m．yesterday evening?
昨晚8點你在干什么?
(B)表示過去某個階段正在進行的動作或正在發(fā)生的歷史事件
eg：We were building a dam last winter．
去年冬天我們一直在修一座水壩．
③過去完成時
(A)表示在過去某一時間之前就已完成的動作
eg：By the end of last year，he had learned 1，000 English words．
到去年年底為止，他已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000個英語單詞了．
(B)表示從過去某一時刻起，一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻
eg：They had worked for 12 hours by six p．m．
到下午6點鐘為止，他們已工作了12小時．
④過去完成進行時
主要表示從過去某一時間以前就一直進行的動作，該動作一直延續(xù)到過去某一時刻，并有可能再繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去．用圖表示：
這段時間進行的動作
eg：Yesterday she came across me in the market and asked me what I had been doing these days．
昨天她在市場里碰到了我，并問我這些天一直在干什么．
2．用下列詞和詞組復(fù)述課文
on a fine day；sailing ship；across the Atlantic；towards．．．；with all onboard；but for；
leak；lose the battle；on the point of．．．；take charge；encourage sb．to do．．．；3 times during that day；give up；in the end；safely；express．．．to sb．；hold one’s hand firmly；
recognize；some thirty years ago；the determination
表解重點
構(gòu) 成
常用的時間狀語
一般過
去時
worked
yesterday；last week(month．．．)；ago；in 1 960；once；at that time；just now；the other day；when．．．；every day(week．．．)
過去進
行時
was working were working
yesterday morning(afternoon．．．)；at 10 p．m．．last night；at that time；when．．．；as．．．
過去完
成時
had worked
by；before；until；as soon as：when；already；yet；still；never；hardly；ever；just；since；by the end of last year；by then
過去完成
進行時
had been working
these years；for；by the end of last month；by then；since
過去各種時態(tài)及常用的時間狀語(以work為例)
討論難點
一般過去時
過去進行時
過去完成時
構(gòu)
成
was given
were given
was being given
were being given
had been given
1．過去時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以give為例)
eg：①China’s first television station was set up in Beijing in 1958．
中國第一座電視臺已于1958年在北京建成．
②At that time Professor Wang was being asked many questions about the universe．
當(dāng)時有關(guān)宇宙的許多問題正在請教王教授．
③Production costs had been greatly reduced in the factory by the end of last year．
到去年年底前，這家廠的生產(chǎn)成本已大大降低了．
2．P 128 in the Workbook
請注意這一句型：
It would be 2 months before they could get another one．
要過兩個月他們才能再搞到一只猴子．
eg：It will be 2 hours before Tom comes back．
要過兩個小時湯姆才會回來．
*It was not long before…．不久……
eg：He killed that landlord on the cold evening．It was not long be fore went north．
在那個寒冷的夜晚，他殺了那個地主．不久他就北上了．
核心知識
1．正確掌握并熟練運用下列交際用語
做錯事時的用語：I’m sorry about that．
I’m sorry to have done that．
I didn’t mean to be so rude．
I feel rather ashamed．
I apologize for being so angry with you．
I’m afraid that IP lease excuse me for
別人向你道歉時你可用：That’s OK．That’s all right．
Never mind．It’s not important．
That’s nothing．It doesn’t matter．
Don’t worry about that．There is no need to do
2．本單元詞、詞語和句型的用法
① change one’s mind： change one’s plan
eg： Once you make a decision，you’d better not change your mind．
一旦你作出決定，你最好別改變主意．
② be sorry to do be sorry for be sorry about be sorry that
以上幾種用法譯為：難過，抱歉，遺憾，后悔
eg：I am sorry to have been so foolish．我很難過我會這么傻．
I’m sorry for giving you so much trouble．對不住，給你帶來這么多麻煩．
Aren’t you sorry about what you have done?
難道你不為你自己的所做所為感到遺憾嗎?
I was sorry that he had to go at once．我很遺憾他得馬上走．
③There is no need for．．．．There is no need(for sb．)to do．．．．
eg：There is no need for alarm．沒必要驚慌．
There is no need for him to stay in Beijing．對他來說沒必要待在北京．
*SB．have／has(no)need of sth．SB．have／has(no)need to do．．．．
eg：We have no need of your help．我們不需要你的幫助．
He has need to practise speaking English every day．
他需要每天練習(xí)說英語．
④besides adv．moreover；also再者；況且
eg：I don’t want to see the film；besides，it’s raining outside．
我不想去看那部電影，況且，外面又在下雨．
⑤burst into：后置名詞；表示突然……
burst out：后置動名詞；表示突然……
eg：burst into tears／laughter譯文：突然哭起來／突然笑起來
burst out crying／laughing譯文：突然哭起來／突然笑起來
⑥but for：假如沒有，不是(句子謂語多用虛擬語氣)
eg：But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey．
要不是那場雨的話，我們應(yīng)該有一次愉快的旅行．
But for my brother’s help l would not have finished the work．
多虧我哥哥幫忙，否則我不會完成這項工作．
⑦on the point of．．．正要(去干某事)
eg：I was just on the point of leaving when the telephone rang．
我正要離開，就在那時電話鈴響了．
The coach was on the point of giving up the game when our team scored two points．
教練正準(zhǔn)備放棄比賽，這時我們隊得了兩分．
⑧envy：后可置間接或直接賓語，譯為羨慕和嫉妒．
eg：I don’t envy you your journey in this bad weather．
我不羨慕你在這壞天氣里去旅行．
eg：I envy your good fortune．
我羨慕你的好運．
⑨leave：可用動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、名詞、介詞短語、做賓語補足語．
eg：We left him to play alone．我們讓他獨自一人玩．
Don’t leave her standing outside．It’s cold．
別讓她站在外面，外面冷．
He got up late and had to leave the breakfast unfinished．
他起得晚了，不得不沒吃完早飯就走．
Hearing the bad news，Tom hurried to the hospital，leaving the door open．
一聽到這壞消息，湯姆門都不關(guān)，就急匆匆趕往醫(yī)院．
Leave your hat and coat in the hall．
把你的帽子和上衣放在客廳里好了．
Her parents died and she was left an orphan．
她父母死了，留下她成了孤兒．
⑩with+名詞：可用動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語，做賓語補足語
eg：So in the afternoon，with nothing to do，I went on around of the bookshops．
所以在下午，由于沒事可干，我去書店逛了一圈．
With the price of gold going up，South Africa’s economy was good．
隨著黃金價格的上揚，南非的經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇了．
All the afternoon he was reading with the door closed．
整個下午，他閉門讀書．
Last week I met with an interesting boy with two front teeth missing．
上星期，我碰到了一位令人有趣的，掉了兩顆門牙的男孩．
With John away，we all felt disappointed．
約翰走了，我們大家都感到失望．
Hearing the footstep，the man rushed out with a gun in his hand．
一聽到腳步聲，那男的就手拿一桿槍沖了出去．
⑾search sb．for sth．為某物搜某人的身
search some place．for sb．／sth．為某人或某物搜查某地
search for：到處搜尋
search out：找尋到
search through：把……仔細搜尋一遍
eg：They were searching the spy for a secret map．
他們?yōu)榱艘粡埫孛艿貓D而搜那位特務(wù)的身．
I’ve searched all my drawers for the letter，but I can’t find it．
我為了那封信已搜遍了所有的抽屜，但沒能找到．
We should search for the lost child till we find him．
我們應(yīng)該搜尋那位丟失的小孩，直到找到為止．
The police were trying to search out the real murderer．
警察正在盡力找出那位真正的殺人犯．
He searched through his pockets and still can’t find his keys．
他把他的口袋都仔細搜了一遍，但仍找不到他的鑰匙．
⑿towards：prep．near
eg：They left towards 10 o’clock．他們將近10點離開．
towards evening；將近傍晚
(13)on board：(A)on a ship／a plane／a train
(B)onto／into a ship／a plane／a train
eg：There were 500 people on board when the ship sank．
船沉?xí)r，船上有500人．
I left the airport after she got on board the plane．
她登上飛機后，我離開了機場．
2．辨析①for sale；intended to be sold ( usu．by or on behalf of the owners)
on sale：(of goods in shops，etc．)offered for purchase
eg：Is the house for sale?
這屋出售嗎?
There are some nice apples on sale in that shop．
那家商店有上好的蘋果賣．
②mean to do．．．：打算干……
mean doing．．．：意味著干……
be meant for：適合于……
eg：I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings．I’m sorry．
對不起．我不是有意要傷害你的感情．
Accepting that job means living abroad．
接受那工作意味著要住在國外．
He is not meant for a soldier and will always be unhappy in the army．
他不適合當(dāng)兵，在軍隊里他永遠不會快樂．
③remark：n．comment
review：n．a(chǎn)rticle that critically examines a new book，etc．
eg：He made a few remarks about the people in that area．
他對那個地區(qū)的人發(fā)表了一些看法．
Your remarks may have hurt her feelings．
你的評論可能傷了他的感情．
g：His book got good reviews．
他的書受到好評．
write reviews for the monthly magazines
為月刊寫書評
④except：除去……(不包括……)
except tor：除去……(除去部分和主語不同類)可放在句前或句后
but：除去……(多和nothing，not anything，nobody，nowhere，who，all等連用
besides：除去……還有……(包括……)
apart from：besides，except for；可放在句前或句后
eg：They all went to sleep except Tom．
除了湯姆他們都去睡覺了．
Your picture is good except for some of the colours．
你的畫除了一些色彩之外整體是好的．
Except for one old lady，the bus was empty．
除了一位老太太，那公共汽車是空的．
Nobody else but Robert could say such a thing．
除了Robert沒人會說這樣的事．
Who but a fool would do such a thing?
除了傻瓜誰會做那樣的事?
He had other people to take care of besides me．
他除了我之外還有別的人要照顧(我也要他照顧)．
Apart from them，I had no one to talk to．
除了他們之外，我沒有可談話的人．
The children hardly see anyone，apart from their parents．
這些孩子除了他們的父母之外，幾乎看不到任何別人．
⑤prepare for：為……作準(zhǔn)備
prepare．．．for．．．：為……準(zhǔn)備……
prepare sb．for．．．：為某人準(zhǔn)備……
be prepared for．．．：對……做好了準(zhǔn)備
eg：I’m preparing for the College Entrance Examination．
我正為大學(xué)入學(xué)考試作準(zhǔn)備．
I’m preparing some clothes for the trip．
我正為旅行準(zhǔn)備一些衣服．
These mothers are busy preparing their children for schooling．
這些母親們正忙著為她們的孩子們準(zhǔn)備上學(xué)．
Philip wasn’t prepared for the question．
菲利普對那問題沒有做好準(zhǔn)備．
典型例題
1 MET 1992
- We could have walked to the station；it was so near．
- Yes．A taxi __ at all necessary．
A．wasn’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．won’t be
-我們本來可以走著到車站的．它這么近．
一是的．坐出租車一點都沒有必要．
答案：A．說這句話時，他們已經(jīng)到了車站．所以坐出租車已是過去的動作．
2 MET 1992
Tom __________into the house when no one_________．
A．slipped；was looking B．had slipped；looked
C．slipped；had looked D．was slipping；looked
湯姆溜進那棟房子，當(dāng)時沒有一個人看見．
答案：A．when在這句子中解釋為just at that time，強調(diào)湯姆在溜進房間的一瞬間，沒人看見．
3 MET 1995
I don’t think Jim saw me；he _________ into space．
A．just stared B．was just staring
C．has just stared D．had just stared．
我想吉姆沒看見我．他只是凝視著太空．
答案：B．本題兩句間有因果關(guān)系．第二句是第一分句的原因．同時，這兩個分句間還有時間關(guān)系，第一分句的謂語動詞saw是短動詞，因此其代表某點的時間，這就是第二分句的謂語動詞為什么用過去進行時的原因．
4 NMET 1997
I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____________ at a radio shop at that time．
A．has worked B．was working
C．had been working D．had worked
三年前，我第一次碰到麗莎．她那時正在一家收音機商店工作．
答案：B．從第一句話的過去時，我們可以看出第二句話我們也得用過去時．用過去進行時，是因為在第二句話句尾有at that time這個短語．
關(guān)于“Unit8 A person of great determination”的常見問題】
常見問題1: 高三英語 Unit8 A person of great determination
問題：
As she__________ the newspaper，Granny _____________ asleep．
A．read；was falling B．was reading；fell
C．was reading；was falling D．read；fall
解答:
譯文：她正在讀報的時候，她的奶奶入睡了．
答案：B．read是一個延續(xù)性動詞，而fall是一個瞬間動詞．
常見問題2: 高三英語 Unit8 A person of great determination
問題：
Helen __ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____________ home．
A．has left；comes B．left；had come
C．had left；came D．had left；would come
解答:
譯文：海倫把她的鑰匙遺忘在了辦公室，所以她只得等她丈夫回家．
答案：C．在so引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合從句中，主句用了had to過去時，在until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時代替一般將來時．第一分句的謂語動作發(fā)生在第二分句之前，所以應(yīng)用過去完成時．