1.詞匯

headmaster, except, province, enjoyable, rush, rail, railway, lively, comfortable, scenery, magazine, click, score, print.

2.詞組

as soon as possible, leave a message, be free, more than, all kinds of, each other, fall asleep, go on a trip, take car of, travel by air.

3．交際用語

(1)-Can I speak to the headmaster, please?

-I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.

(2)-May I help you?

-That’s very kind of you.

4.語法 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

5.句型

（1）He says that he will visit that farm this afternoon.

（2）The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.

核心知識(shí)

headmaster，except， province，enjoyable，rush，rail，railway，lively，comfortable, scenery, offer, magazine, practise, moving, click, pity, score, own, print, Mount Emei(峨嵋山)，as soon as possible盡可能早地，盡快， leave a message留言, be free有空，more than超過，take a taxi坐出租車， all kinds of 各種各樣的，each other互相，彼此，fall asleep入睡，go on a trip旅行, come back from…從…回來， hurry up快點(diǎn)， take care of照顧，保管， wake up醒來，pass…on to…傳遞， Sichuan Province四川省， railway station火車站， travel by air坐飛機(jī)旅行

1.Could I speak to the headmaster, please? 請(qǐng)找校長接電話好嗎？

Could (May) I speak to…，please？為打電話常用語.

打電話的常用語還有：

①Who’s that(speaking)？請(qǐng)問你是誰？

②This is Mike(speaking).我是邁克.

③Is that Lily(speaking)？是莉莉嗎？

speak to sb.同某人說話，談話

①The headmaster was speaking to Mr. Wang.校長在與王老師談話.

②I’ll speak to him about the matter.這件事我要同他談一談.

2.May I help you？我可以幫幫你嗎？

這是打電話時(shí)主動(dòng)提供幫助的用語.

相當(dāng)于“Would you like to leave a message to…？

你想給…留言嗎？

3.I’m sorry he isn’t here right。真抱歉他現(xiàn)在不在這兒.

right now相當(dāng)于 at the moment, right為副詞，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。

e.g.①He’s busy working right now.他現(xiàn)在正忙著干活.

②Put it right here就把它放在這兒吧.

4.That’s very kind of you.你太好了。

It’s very nice of you.

5.I hope to see him as soon as possible.我希望盡快地見到他.

as soon as possible實(shí)際上是 as soon as it is possible的簡略形式，與 as soon as I can／could同義，譯作“盡可能快地…”， soon為副詞，亦可換為別的副詞，意思是“盡可能…”

e.g.①Come as early as possible, please. 請(qǐng)盡早來.

②Can you say it as loudly as possible？你能盡可能說話聲音大些嗎？

③Do it as quickly as possible.盡快去做吧！

6.I’m free every day except today.除了今天我每天都有空.

except除…之外(所排除的事物通常不包括在所講述的范圍之內(nèi)).

e.g.①All the students went to the Summer Palace except him.

除了他外，所有的學(xué)生都去頤和園了.

②He usually goes to work by bike except on rainy days.

除了雨天外，他通常是騎車上班.

7.Between8：00and9：00.八點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)吧.

between為介詞，表示“在……(兩者之間)”.如在多個(gè)人或物中強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之間的關(guān)系，也可使用between.

e.g.①There’s a garden between the two tall buildings.

這兩座樓房間有一家花園

②The accident happened between 10：30 and 11：30.

這個(gè)事故發(fā)生在10：30到11：30之間.

③Liu Ping sits between Jim and me.

劉平坐在我和吉姆之間.

8.I’ll leave a message on his desk.我會(huì)在地桌上留張便條.

leave在此意為“留下，丟下.遺忘”.常用句式為 leave sth. ／sb + 在某處.

e.g.①M(fèi)ay I leave my bike outside your house？我能把車放在你房外嗎？

②I left my dictionary at the library.我把字典忘在圖書館.

Leave a message(to)留便條

take a message(for)捎口信

9. He says that he won’t be free until tomorrow.他說他明天才有空.

此句為一個(gè)復(fù)合句，says后面的句子充當(dāng)句中謂語動(dòng)詞says的賓語，故稱其為賓語從句not…until直到……才

e.g.①M(fèi)y father didn’t come back home until twelve last night.

昨晚直到12點(diǎn)我爸爸才回家來.

②We didn’t go home until we finished doing our homework yesterday.

昨天直到做完作業(yè)我們才睡覺.

10.Jim has been in China for more than two years.

吉姆在中國呆了兩年多了.

have(has) been in(at)…for(since)…某人在某地呆了一段時(shí)間

e.g. ①M(fèi)iss Gao has been in this school for ten years.

高老師在這個(gè)學(xué)校呆了10年了.

②The twins have been in Beijing for half a year.

雙胞胎們?cè)诒本┐袅税肽炅?

11.He has been to many interesting places in Beijing.

他去過北京許多有趣地方.

have(has) been to…表示某人曾經(jīng)去過某地，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了.

have(has) gone to…表示某人已經(jīng)去某地了，現(xiàn)在不在此地，

e.g.①She has gone to England. She hasn’t returned yet.

她去英國了，她還沒回來.

②She has been to England. Now she’s working in my office.

她去過英國，現(xiàn)在她在我的辦公室上班.

12.Jim’s family think that traveling by train is the best.

吉姆的家人認(rèn)為坐火車旅行是最好的 traveling by air是動(dòng)名詞作主語

e.g.①Picking apples is much better than having classes.

摘蘋果比上課好多了.

②Eating too much is bad for your health.

吃得過多對(duì)身體有壞處.

13.It’s much cheaper and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air.

修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)的有much， a little(lot)， far， even

e.g. Lucy is a little taller than Meimei 露西比梅梅高一點(diǎn).

a rushed trip 一次匆忙的旅程.

14.There were bookshops，food shops and shops selling all kinds of things, selling all kinds of things(賣各種各樣的東西)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾 shops.

e.g. There are two boys standing outside the room.

有兩個(gè)男孩正站在房間外面.

15. in their sleeping car在他們的臥車?yán)?

16.They kept watching the beautiful scenery out of the window.

他們不停地看著窗外美麗的景色.

keep doing sth.堅(jiān)持做…，不停地做…

e.g.①The conductor kept coming to offer them hot water.

列車員不停地來為他們提供熱水

②You must keep passing the ball to each other.

你們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持互相傳球.

17.A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.

一位年青人在與格林先生練習(xí)講英語.

Practise doing sth.練習(xí)做…

e g. Jim practises running after class every day.

吉姆每天放學(xué)后堅(jiān)持跑步.

18. When Jim woke up the next morning.當(dāng)吉姆第二天醒來時(shí).

wake up醒來，醒 wake…up喚醒，弄醒

e.g.①Has he woken up yet？他醒了沒有？

②When he woke up ,it was already ten. 他醒來時(shí)，已是10點(diǎn)了.

③Please wake me up at five. 請(qǐng)?jiān)?點(diǎn)叫醒我.

④Don’t wake up the baby.別弄醒孩子.

19.What a pity！多可惜呀！

20.I’ve never seen such a beautiful mountain in my life.

在我一生中從沒看到過這樣一座美麗的山.

such adj.遇不定冠詞 a(n)時(shí)，要放在冠詞之前；遇 all，no，on， few， several，some，any等時(shí)，則放在其后.

e.g. He is such a man.他是這樣一個(gè)人.

One such dictionary is enough. 這樣的字典，有一本就夠了.

21. Hurry up， or we’ll be late.快點(diǎn)，否則我們將遲到.

祈使句 + and(or)的并列句型，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句.

e.g.①Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.

努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)考試及格的.

②Be careful or you’ll get hurt.

當(dāng)心！否則你會(huì)受傷的.

If you work hard， you’11 pass the exam.

If you aren’t careful， you’ll get hurt.

22.What do you think is the fastest way to travel？

你認(rèn)為哪種是旅游的最快的方式？

do you think是插入話

e.g.①Who do you think is the cleverest？你認(rèn)為誰最聰明？

②Which do you think is the best season？

你認(rèn)為哪一個(gè)是最好的季節(jié)？

典型例題

1.英語打電話的日常交際用語如下：

①請(qǐng)對(duì)方幫你找某人接電話時(shí)：

Hello！Could I speak to…,Please？

Hello！May I speak to…，please？

Hello！I’d like to speak to…

如果對(duì)方正好是你要找的人，對(duì)方會(huì)說：

This is…speaking.或…speaking.

如果對(duì)方不是你要找的人，對(duì)方會(huì)說：

Hold on(a moment)， please. 別掛電話，請(qǐng)等一等.

如果你要找的人不在，對(duì)方會(huì)說：

I’m sorry he／she is not here right now.(現(xiàn)在不在)或 Sorry，he is not in.

例如：

1) A：Hello！Could I speak to the headmaster. please.

喂！請(qǐng)找校長說話好嗎？

B：Hold on，please… Sorry he is not in.請(qǐng)等一等…對(duì)不起，他現(xiàn)在不在.

2) A：Hello！May l speak to Jim，please？

喂！我找吉姆，好嗎？

B：This is Jim speaking. Is that Tom?

我就是吉姆，你是湯姆嗎？

3) A：Hello! I’d like to speak to John Brown. Is he in?

喂！我想找約翰布朗.他在家嗎？

B：I’m sorry he’s out right now. May I help you？

對(duì)不起，他不在.我可以幫幫你嗎？

②當(dāng)對(duì)方所要找的不在時(shí)，你可以主動(dòng)提出幫助對(duì)方傳遞消息，請(qǐng)對(duì)方留下口信，以便轉(zhuǎn)達(dá).

例如：

1) A：I’m sorry he isn’t here right now. May I help you？

對(duì)不起，他現(xiàn)在不在.我可以幫你留言嗎？

B：That’s very kind of you but I’d like to speak to him about my son.

Jim Green.I would like to see him as soon as possible.

你太好了，不過我想跟他談?wù)動(dòng)嘘P(guān)我兒子吉姆格林的問題，我想盡快地見到他.

2) A：Could I speak to John Brown, please？請(qǐng)找約翰布朗？

B：Sorry，he is not in right now.Could I take a message for you?

對(duì)不起，他現(xiàn)在不在.我可以幫你留個(gè)口信嗎？

A：That would be fine please tell him I’ll come tomorrow.

那太好了.請(qǐng)你告訴他，我明天來.

③如果你要我的人不在，你也可以主動(dòng)要求對(duì)方幫你傳遞信息，你可以說：

I’d like to leave a message to …我想給…留言.

Will＼ Would you please give a message to…？請(qǐng)你給…留言，好嗎？

May I ask you to give… a message. ？請(qǐng)你帶個(gè)口信給…好嗎？

例如：

A：Hello！ Could I speak to Mary, please?

喂！請(qǐng)找瑪麗講話，好嗎？

B：Sorry she is out. She won’t be back until 11 o’clock.

對(duì)不起，她出去了.11點(diǎn)以前她回不來.

A：Will you please give her a message？

請(qǐng)你給她捎個(gè)口信嗎？

B：All right. Go ahead.好的.請(qǐng)說吧.

2.賓語從句(－)

賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作主句的賓語.

賓語從句通常由連詞that引導(dǎo).在口語和非正式文體中連詞that�？墒÷�.從句時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語動(dòng)詞的限制.但當(dāng)主句謂語為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài).

例如：

He says that he will visit that farm this afternoon.

他說今天下午將參觀那個(gè)農(nóng)場

I’m sorry that he lost his watch yesterday.

我很難過，他昨天丟了手表.

She said that she felt much better.她說她好多了.

I told him I had seen the film twice.

我告訴他這部電影我已看過兩遍了.

He said that he would give you a call.

他說他會(huì)打個(gè)電話給你.

如果賓語從句是一個(gè)客觀真理，則不管主句為何時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

例如：

The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.

老師告訴我們，太陽在東邊升起.

He said that light travels much later than sound.

他說光的速度比聲音的速度快得多.

通過上述例可以看到，賓語從句常常用來轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話語；也可用作其它及物動(dòng)詞的賓語；還可用在 be ＋ afraid(sure)等結(jié)構(gòu)之后作賓語.

例如：

①A：What does the teacher say？老師說什么？

B：He says he’ll be free between 8：00and 9：00.

他說他在8：00至9：OO之間有空.

②A：What did Mr. Green say at the meeting?

格林先生在會(huì)上說了什么？

B：He said that he would do his best. 他說他將盡力而為.

③I think the fastest way to travel is by plane.

我認(rèn)為最快的旅行方式是坐飛機(jī)

④I hope everything goes well.我希望一切順利.

⑤I’m afraid that Jim will miss a lot of lessons.

我擔(dān)心吉姆會(huì)耽誤許多課.

⑥I’m sure many people like to travel by air.

我相信許多人喜歡坐火車旅行.

3.閱讀理解

One day. Tom’s mother was ill， and she was in hospital. After school Tom decided to go to the hospital to see her. He had to take a bus because the hospital was too far. When Tom got to the bus stop, there were already a lot of people there . They were standing in line and waiting for a bus. The bus was late. As soon as he got to the bus stop. Tom went to the front and jumped the queue. The people there were all unhappy. One of them said to Tom. “Don't jump the queue.”“Oh, I am sorry”, said Tom. He went back to the end of line and waited like others. When the bus came, the people all got on the bus in turn.

根據(jù)短文，判斷正誤，對(duì)的寫“T”，錯(cuò)的寫“F”.

1.Tom’s mother was ill. She had to stay at home.

2.Tom had to take a bus because the hospital was very far.

3.The people were standing in line and waiting for a bus.

4.Tom waited in the queue as soon as he got to the bus stop.

5.One of the people asked Tom not to jump the queue.

分析 1.錯(cuò)，湯姆的媽媽得病住院了，而不是呆在家里.2.對(duì)，短文中第三句.3.對(duì)，短文中第五句.4.錯(cuò)，湯姆一到公共汽車站，就到前面插隊(duì)而不是排隊(duì)等.5.對(duì)

4.A young man practised English with Mr Green.

A. speaks B. speaking C. spoke D. to speak

解析 選B. practise練習(xí)，后面要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故選A對(duì)

5.The teacher told us the earth round the sun.

A. turned B. is turning C. turns D. to turn

解析 選C.主句為一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句要用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式，但賓語從句是一個(gè)客觀真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)選C.

6.I’ve never seen beautiful mountain in my life.

A. such a B. a such C. so a D. a so

解析 選A. such為形容詞，一般修飾名詞，so為副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞.但名詞前有many，much，little，few等詞時(shí)，不能用such，而要用so，such修飾名詞詞組時(shí)，遇不定冠詞a(n)時(shí)，要放在冠詞前，故選 A，但可轉(zhuǎn)換為so beautiful a mountain.

7. He isn’t, so I’ll to him on his desk.

A. take a message B. give a message

C. leave a message D. pass a message

解析 選C. take a message.意為“替人捎口信”； give a message to sb.意為“把口信捎給某人”，其后均不和表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語連用.pass a message意為“傳口信”，亦不和“地點(diǎn)”連用；leave a message to sb.“給某人留口信”，常和表示地點(diǎn)的短語連用.

【關(guān)于“Unit 4 Travel”的常見問題】

常見問題1: Travel1

問題：

錯(cuò)誤辨認(rèn)

Don’t forget your books at home next time.

A B C D

解答:

解析

B錯(cuò)，改為leave.

常見問題2: Travel2

問題：

錯(cuò)誤辨認(rèn)

How do you think of this film?

A B C D

解答:

解析

A錯(cuò)，改為what.

常見問題3: Travel3

問題：

錯(cuò)誤辨認(rèn)

Jim didn’t finish to read the book until yesterday.

A B C D

解答:

解析 C錯(cuò)，改為reading.

常見問題4: Travel4

問題：

錯(cuò)誤辨認(rèn)

Hurry up! And you will be late for school.

A B C D

解答:

解析 B錯(cuò)，改為or

常見問題5: Travel5

問題：

找出錯(cuò)處

I won’t watch TV until my mother will come back.

A B C D

解答:

D錯(cuò).until引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).

常見問題6: Travel6

問題：

找出錯(cuò)處

The conductor kept to come to offer them hot water

A B C D

解答:

B錯(cuò). keep后接動(dòng)詞 ing形式.

常見問題7: Travel7

問題：

找出錯(cuò)處

Jim thought that the train is like a big moving party.

A B C D

解答:

C錯(cuò).主句為一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句要用過去時(shí)態(tài).

常見問題8: Travel8

問題：

找出錯(cuò)處

Jim’s family think that travel by train is the best.

A B C D

解答:

C錯(cuò).travel by train作賓語從句主語不對(duì)，應(yīng)用traveling.

常見問題9: Travel9

問題：

找出錯(cuò)處

The noise woke up him and he was very angry.

A B C D

解答:

B錯(cuò).wake up弄醒.動(dòng)詞 + 副詞詞組，賓語代詞應(yīng)放在動(dòng)詞和副詞中間.

常見問題10: Travel 10

問題：

She will give you a call as soon as she______back tomorrow.

A．will come B．is going to come C．comes D．came

解答:

分析 as soon as在本題中引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。時(shí)間狀語從句和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語的用法相同。在使用時(shí)應(yīng)把握主句是一般將來時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。

答案 C

注意! 在答此題時(shí)，常常能注意上述原則，卻分不清主從句，以致把時(shí)態(tài)填錯(cuò)。

常見問題11: Travel 11

問題：

改錯(cuò)

I think that he isn't a good student.

解答:

分析此句是由連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that通常引導(dǎo)由陳述句充當(dāng)?shù)馁e語從句，這里的that無實(shí)際具體意義，在口語和非正式文體中that省略。另外，如果主句動(dòng)詞是think，guess等詞，且主句主語為第一人稱時(shí)，賓語從句用not表達(dá)否定含義的否定句，習(xí)慣上常否定主句謂語動(dòng)詞。

答案I don’t think that he is a good student.

注意! 如果賓語從句主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)自身的時(shí)間狀語來確定，不受主句謂語時(shí)態(tài)的限制；如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，即用過去相應(yīng)的某一時(shí)態(tài)。

試比較：

1．She says that she will go to the zoo tomorrow.

2．She said that she would go to the zoo the next day.

常見問題12: Travel 12

問題：

He ________ for nearly three hours.

A．kept talking B．kept to talk

C．has kept talking D．kept to talking

解答:

分析keep doing sth側(cè)重表示持續(xù)不停地做某事。另外，句中的for引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語暗示要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

答案C

注意！ keep on doing sth側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的反復(fù)，表示持續(xù)不斷地或反復(fù)做某事，相當(dāng)于go on doing。