高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)教案
（SB2-units1-2）
一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.詞匯
yard,horse-drawn,sign,film-maker,strict,button,castle,garage, beard, imagine, in t he hope of, take along, bring on, lose heart, day after day, used to, pick up, go through,go straight ahead,be well-known as an artist, be pleased with, have no idea, in this way smoker,packet, chance, public, club, cigarette, typewriter, nation, habit, therefore drug, smelly, share,give up, persuade sb. to do sth., go ahead, ask sb.for permission, at present,millions of, be caused by, sales of tobacco, fall asleep, catch fire,burn down, one third of, a packet of cigarettes, one third of/a third of, persuade sb.to do sth., die from, be reduced by, compared with, remain in business, encourage sb. to do sth., give up, be used to, get sb. into the habit of, call for.
2.句型
(1)Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to…?
(2)Excuse me. How can I get to …→
(3)Go through the gate and you’ll…
(4)Excuse me, please. Where’s the…?
(5)Do you mind if I do…?
(6)Would you mind if I did…?
(7)Do(would)you mind(one/one’s)doing…?
(8)I wonder if I can/could do…
3.語(yǔ)法
1.學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)的用法
2.名詞性從句作表語(yǔ)
5.交際用語(yǔ)
(1)Go straight ahead till you see…
(2)It’s about…yards/metres down this street.
(3)Excuse me. How can I get to …?
(4)Excuse me, please. Where’s the nearest men’s room?
(5)Do you mind if I do…?
(6)I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed.
(7)Would you mind if I did…?No. Go ahead.
(8)I wonder if I could use your phone. Sure, go ahead.
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.take 短語(yǔ)歸納
take along 帶著，帶在身邊；take one’s place 坐某人的座位，代替某人的職位；take medicine 吃藥；take steps采取步驟；take measures采取措施；take advice 接受建議；take a taxi坐出租車；take a look at 看；take a bath/walk/rest/trip洗澡/散步/休息/旅行；take away拿走; take down拿下，記錄下；take back 帶回，收回（話）；take off脫下（衣、鞋、帽），（飛機(jī)）起飛；take out取出；take place 發(fā)生；take the place of代替，取代；take up 開(kāi)始，拿起;take a deep breath深呼吸；take one’s temperature量體溫；take a photo照像;take a photograph of給……拍照；take one’(a)seat 坐下，坐好；take aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)；take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)（管理某事或照顧某人）；take…for把……誤當(dāng)作；take hold of 抓住；take interest對(duì)……發(fā)生興趣；take it easy別緊張，別過(guò)累；take notes作筆記；take notice of 注意；take office就職；take a new look on呈現(xiàn)新面貌；take on workers 雇傭工人；take part in參加（活動(dòng)）；take pride in 為……而驕傲；take the lead帶頭；take trouble費(fèi)勁（力）；take the side of 支持某人（方）；take a day off某一天休假，不工作；take one’s time從容行事，慢慢來(lái)；take turns輪流。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子。
①你為什么不帶你媽媽參加音樂(lè)會(huì)呢？
Why don’t you ________ _______ your mother__________to the concert?
②墻上的地圖太舊了，取下來(lái)吧。The map on the wall is to old. _________ _________ ________.
③對(duì)不起，我收回我剛才的話。Sorry. I _______ _______ what I said just now.
④我把他當(dāng)成我弟弟了。I ________him _________ my younger brother.
Key:①take,along ②Take, it ,down ③take, back ④took,for
2.sign
1)用作名詞：traffic signs交通標(biāo)志；road signs 路標(biāo)；
signs for the rest rooms廁所標(biāo)志：signs of heart trouble 心臟病的跡象，signs of rain/earthquake下雨/地震的預(yù)兆。
2）用作動(dòng)詞，表示“簽名，作手勢(shì)”。如：sign one’s name簽名；sign the agreement 簽署協(xié)議；sign to sb.朝某人做手勢(shì)；sign to sb.to do sth.做手勢(shì)讓某人干某事。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①董事長(zhǎng)在文件上簽了名。The president_______ ______ ______to the paper.
②警察做手勢(shì)叫我停下。The policeman ________ ________ ________ _______.
Key:①singed,his,namevv②singed,me,to,stop
3.ahead短語(yǔ)歸納
go ahead朝前走，請(qǐng)便（同意對(duì)方繼續(xù)干或同意對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求）；go ahead (on)with… 繼續(xù)；ahead of在……前面，早于，優(yōu)先；ahead of time提前
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他朝前走去看看發(fā)生了什么事情。He ________ ________ to see what had happened.
②我可以坐這個(gè)座位嗎？請(qǐng)坐吧。May I take this seat?________ _______.
③湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比瑪麗好。Tom is ________ _______ Mary in maths.
④她比我早到2個(gè)小時(shí)。She arrived two hours _______ _______me.
⑤他們已提前三周完成了設(shè)計(jì)。They have completed the design ________ _______ ________ _______time.
Key:①went,ahead ②Go,ahead ③/ ④ahead,of ⑤three,weeks,ahead,of
4.祈使句+and+陳述句
1）這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以替換成“條件句+陳述句”。如：
Work hard,and you’ll be successful in time./If you work hard,you will be successful in time.
只要你努力，一定會(huì)成功。
注意：祈使句后and可替換成then.
2）祈使句+or+否定陳述句=否定條件句+否定陳述句。如：
Get ready or you won’t pass the test./ If you don’t get ready,you won’t pass the test.
做好準(zhǔn)備，要不你小測(cè)驗(yàn)不會(huì)及格的。
注意：祈使句后的or可替換成otherwise.
6.只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的詞
1）動(dòng)詞：admit,advise,consider,delay,enjoy,excuse,escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, suggest, understand
2)詞組:insist on, think of, give up, dream of, hear of,depend on,feel like,devote to, be used to,can’t help,prevent… from,look forward to, put off, be worth
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.
A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch
②Only one of these books is _________.
A.worth to read B.worth being read C.worth of reading D.worth reading
③I really enjoy ________ that kind of job.
A.do B.doing C.to do D.to be doing
④“What are you going to do this morning?”
“I’m thinking of _______ to visit my aunt.”
A.go B.going C.having gone D.my going
Key:①C ②D ③B ④B
7.只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，不能接動(dòng)名詞：
agree,ask,choose, decide, demand,expect, hope,learn,long, manage,offer,plan,promise, pretend, refuse,wish,set out, determine, would love.
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①We agree _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.(MET’95)
A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met
②She pretended __________ me when I passed by.(MET’89)
A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
③Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.(met’92)
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
Key:①C ②A ③A
8.in the hope of
該短語(yǔ)表示“期待，抱有……的希望”，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，可替換成：in the hope that 從句或hoping to…。對(duì)比:
They got up very early in the hope of catching the first bus.
他們起得很早，希望能趕上頭班車。
注意：have the hope of…/There be hope of…有希望
對(duì)比：She has the hope of success.
她有成功的希望。
There is still hope of persuading him to change his mind.
還有希望說(shuō)服他改變主意。
[應(yīng)用]一句多譯：
他到那里去，希望買一些新鮮魚(yú)。
He went there in the hope of buying some fresh fish./He went there in the hope that he could buy some fresh fish./He went there hoping to buy some fresh fish.
9.imagine
1)接名詞、代詞：You can’t imagine the life on the island.你無(wú)法想象島上的生活。
2）接動(dòng)名詞：She never imagined her going abroad for further education.她從沒(méi)設(shè)想過(guò)會(huì)出國(guó)深造。
3）接從句：You can’t imagine how worried I was those days.你想象不到那幾天我是多么焦慮啊。
4）接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：The boy imagined himself to be a hero. 這男孩把自己想象成了英雄。
[應(yīng)用] 選擇正確答案
I can hardly imagine Peter ______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET’91)
A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
Key:C
10.“at+名詞”表示“在進(jìn)行，從事”
at work 在工作；at table在吃飯；at play 在做游戲；at sea 出海；at university/college在上學(xué);at night school在上夜校；at dinner/table在吃飯；at peace處于和平狀態(tài)；at war在交戰(zhàn)，在打仗
[應(yīng)用]完成句子。
①別人在工作，不要吵鬧。
Don’t make any noise while others are ______ ________.
②孩子們?cè)谟螒颍麄兊母改刚诔燥垺?/p>
The children were ______ ________ while their parents were_______ _______.
Key:①at, work ②at,play,at,dinner
11.open
1)用作動(dòng)詞：open a door/window/a small shop/one’s hand/one’s eyes/one’s mouth/fire開(kāi)門/開(kāi)窗/開(kāi)一家小商店/張開(kāi)手/睜開(kāi)眼/張開(kāi)嘴/開(kāi)火；be opened to traffic通車；open up開(kāi)采（發(fā)）
2）用作形容詞：keep open開(kāi)著門；be open開(kāi)門、開(kāi)業(yè)；cut…open切開(kāi)；leave the door open 開(kāi)著門；in the open air 在野外；an open secret公開(kāi)的秘密；keep one’s eyes open睜眼
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes________.(MET’92)
A.open B.to be opened C.to open D.opening
②Some new oilfields ________since 1976.
A.were opened up B.has been opened up C.have been opened up D.had been opened up
③The computer center, _________ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.
A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened
Key:①A ②C ③D
12.區(qū)別下列用法
1)as(so)far as 和……一樣遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)至（原級(jí)比較或表示距離）；就……來(lái)講
2)as(so)long as 和……一樣長(zhǎng)（原級(jí)比較）；只要（引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句）
3）as well as和……一樣好；既……也……（連接并列成分）
4）as good as和……一樣好；事實(shí)上（作狀語(yǔ)）
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他們實(shí)際上已經(jīng)答應(yīng)幫助我們了。They have ________ _______ ______ promised to help us.
②油漆后的這輛自行車和新的一樣。Painted, this bike is _______ _____ ______ a new one.
③小李英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得和漢語(yǔ)一樣好。Xiao Li speaks English ______ ______ _____ she speaks Chinese.
④他和他的父母對(duì)我都很好。He _______ ______ ______his parents is kind to me.
⑤晚飯后我們一直到走山腳下。After supper we walked _______ ______ ______the foot of the hill.
⑥就我所知，他將離開(kāi)兩個(gè)月。______ ______ ______I know, he’ll be away for two months.
⑦只要努力，你一定會(huì)成功。________ _________ ________you work hard, you’ll succeed in time.
⑧這座新建的橋據(jù)說(shuō)和舊的一樣長(zhǎng)。This newly – built bridge is said to be ______ _______ _____the old one.
Key:①②as good as;③④as well as ⑤as far as ⑥As, far,as ⑦As/so,long,as ⑧as,long,as
13.形容詞+with
be pleased with sb./sth.對(duì)……滿意；be satisfied with 對(duì)……滿意；be busy with sth.忙于某事；be careful with 對(duì)……注意、細(xì)心；be connected with與……有聯(lián)系；be lined with 排列，站隊(duì)；be patient with sb.對(duì)某人有耐心；be popular with受歡迎；be strict with sb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求；be wrong with 出毛病，不順心；be disappointed with對(duì)……失望；be angry with sb.生某人的氣
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①作為一名老師你應(yīng)該對(duì)學(xué)生有耐心。As a teacher you should_______ _______ ______ your students.
②每條路旁都栽上了樹(shù)。Every road ______ ______ _____ trees.
③我們老師對(duì)工作認(rèn)真，對(duì)學(xué)生也很嚴(yán)格。
Our teacher is not only strict _________ his work but also________his students.
④夫妻都忙于工作，因而無(wú)暇顧及孩子。
Both husband and wife _______ ______ ______their work,so they have no time to care for the child.
Key: ①be, patient,with ②is, lined,with ③in, with ④are,busy,with
14.heart短語(yǔ)歸納
lose heart 失去信心；lose one’s heart to sb./sth.愛(ài)上某人/事；give heart to sb.鼓勵(lì)某人；give one’s heart sb./sth.愛(ài)上某人/事；put one’s heart into 一心撲在某事上；heart and soul全心全意地；have a kind heart有一幅好心腸;break one’s heart使某人傷心；learn…by heart 記住，背誦；with a heavy/light heart 心情沉重地/輕松愉快地
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①這個(gè)隊(duì)一場(chǎng)比賽未贏，結(jié)果灰心了。The team had won no game and it ________ ________.
②我們很奇怪她怎么愛(ài)上一個(gè)外國(guó)老頭。
We wonder why she ________ _________ ________ _______an old foreigner.
③世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。
Nothing is too difficult in the world if you _______ _______ ________ _______it.
④全心全意地為人民服務(wù)是一個(gè)黨員的義務(wù)。
It’s the duty of a Party member to serve the people ________ _________ _________ __________.
Key:①lost,heart ②lost,her,heart,to ③put,your,heart,into ④heart,and,soul
15.in the last few years.
該短語(yǔ)意為“最近幾年”，常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，表示以前某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)至說(shuō)話時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。in可被during或over 替換。常用的還有：during the past ten days過(guò)去的10天里；over the last 5 months過(guò)去的5個(gè)月里；in the past few weeks 過(guò)去的幾周里如：
We’ve learned quite a lot of English over the past three years.
三年來(lái)我們學(xué)了不少英語(yǔ)。
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯(cuò)
①M(fèi)any factories were built in the last ten years in my hometown.
②Both my father and mother have been busy since the past few weeks.
Key:①改were 為have been ②改since為for/in/over
16.reduce
reduce the number of減少……的數(shù)量；
reduce the cost/one’s weight/the price/speed降低成本/減肥/降價(jià)/減速
注意：reduce是increase的反義詞。與by連用表示“減少了多少”；與to連用則表示“減少到多少”。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①今年吸煙人數(shù)已減少了30%
The number of smokers has been reduced _________30%.
②現(xiàn)在一輛自行車的成本已降低到50美元。
Now the cost of a bike has been reduced _______50 dollars.
Key:①by ②to
17.chance
1)用于短語(yǔ)：
give sb.a chance給某人一次機(jī)會(huì)；
have a chance to do sth.有機(jī)會(huì)做；
miss a chance錯(cuò)過(guò)機(jī)會(huì)；
lose a chance失去機(jī)會(huì)；
2)用于句型：
The chance is that…/ The chances are that…表示“有可能……”（句型中的The和That 可省略）。如：
The chance is (that)she’s already heard the news. 可能她已聽(tīng)到那則消息了。
Chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow. 新機(jī)器可能明天到。
3）后接of 或that從句表示“可能性”。如：
He has no chance of winning the match. 他不可能贏得這次比賽。
There is a chance that I will see him. 我有可能見(jiàn)到他。
[應(yīng)用]一句多譯：
那里有可能藏著蛇。
The chances are that there is a snake over there.
There is a chance of a snake hiding there.
There is a chance that a snake is over there.
18．cause v.導(dǎo)致，引起
1）接名詞：cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage引起事故/惹麻煩/導(dǎo)致死亡/引起大火/導(dǎo)致重病/造成損害
2）接雙賓語(yǔ)：cause sb.pain/trouble/damage給某人帶來(lái)痛苦/麻煩/損害
3）接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：cuase sb. to do sth使某人做某事
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①什么使她改變了計(jì)劃？ What _______ _______ ______ _______her plan?
②地震使所有的樓房倒塌了。 The earthquake ________ all the buildings ________ _______.
Key:①caused,her,to,change ②cuased,to,fall
19.permission短語(yǔ)歸納
ask for permission請(qǐng)求許可；
ask sb.for permission to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人允許做某事；
ask permission to do sth.請(qǐng)求得到允許做某事；
give sb.permission to do sth.允許某人做；
with one’s permission經(jīng)某人允許；
without one’s permission 未經(jīng)允許；
如：You have to ask the teacher for permission to do that.你應(yīng)該得到老師的同意再去做那件事。
You have to ask permission to go there.你應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求許可到那里去。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
No permission has _______ for anybody to enter the building. (MET’88)
A.been given B.given C.to give D.be giving
Key:A
20.接不定式和動(dòng)名詞意義不同的詞
1）remember doing/having done記得曾做過(guò)某事remember to do記住去做某事 對(duì)比：
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year?
Please remember to write to your parents when you get there.
2)regret doing/having done 后悔做了（或沒(méi)做）某事/regret to do遺憾地去做某事 對(duì)比：
I regret telling her the truth.
I regret to say that you are completely wrong.
3）try to do 盡力去做/try doing 試著去做
對(duì)比：She tried to learn it by heart.
She tried adding more salt to the soup.
4)forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)/forget to do忘記去做
對(duì)比：I forget reading about it in a magazine.
Don’t forget to shut off the gas when you finish cooking.
5)stop doing 停止做/stop to do 停止某一動(dòng)作去作另一動(dòng)作（說(shuō)明停止的目的）
對(duì)比：They didn’t start until it stopped raining .
We stopped to see what was going on.
6)mean doing 意味著/mean to do 打算，意圖做
對(duì)比：Missing the train means waiting for an hour.
I meant to come, but a friend of mine went to see me .
7)want doing 需要（物作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)）/want to do 想做（人作主語(yǔ)）
對(duì)比：The wall wants painting. I want to paint the wall myself.
21.go/do without
該短語(yǔ)表示“沒(méi)有……將就著也行”。Without既是介詞也是副詞，亦即帶不帶賓語(yǔ)都行。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他沒(méi)錢買電視，只能過(guò)著沒(méi)有電視的日子。He had no money for a TV set,so he had to ____ _____ _____.
②我們沒(méi)有地圖也行。We have no map but we can ________ ________
Key:①go,without,it ②do,without
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
1. These photographs will show you_________.
A.what does our village look like B.what our village look like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like
本題答案為B。
精析：該題考查兩方面的內(nèi)容：a)賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題；b）表示“……看起來(lái)像……”時(shí)，該用什么結(jié)構(gòu)。通常情況下，賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)用正常語(yǔ)序，即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，不用倒裝語(yǔ)序，A、C應(yīng)排除。當(dāng)我們要表示“某人或某事物像……”之意時(shí)，須用“what…look like”的結(jié)構(gòu)，D不符。
2._________him and then try to copy what he does.(NMET 199912)
A.Mind B.Glance at C.Stare at D.Watch
本題答案為D。
精析：該題考查兩點(diǎn)：a)檢查使用祈使句+and…，祈使句+or的掌握情況；b)考查表感觀一組詞之區(qū)別。根據(jù)詞義A可排除；“glance at”表“看一看”，指“一看”的動(dòng)作，顯然不合題意舍去。“stare at”表示“盯”
“凝視”之意，也不合題意，刪去。Watch表示“注視”的意思，正合題意。
表語(yǔ)從句是近年高考中考查重點(diǎn)之一，其原因有三：一是該從句很容易與賓語(yǔ)從句相混淆；二是它與主語(yǔ)從句在某些用法上有共同之處；三是動(dòng)詞不定式，v-ing短語(yǔ)也可做表語(yǔ)，用起來(lái)極難區(qū)別。此外，交際用語(yǔ)的問(wèn)語(yǔ)、答語(yǔ)形式也是高考常考的題型之一，學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，應(yīng)倍加留心。
3.-Do you mind my taking this seat? -__________. (NMET 199513)
A.Yes,sit down please B.No,of course not C.Yes,take it please D.No,you can’t take it
本題答案為B。
精析：此題考查的目的是：檢查考生對(duì)由that引起的問(wèn)句應(yīng)如何回答。通常，回答這種問(wèn)句的方式有兩種：1）如果表示同意某人做某事（即表示不反對(duì)、或不介意）常可答：No,of course not. Certainly not.No,not at all. Oh,no,please.或No,go ahead;2)如表示不同意某人做某事（即表示介意），可答：I’m sorry,but…Sorry,but I’m afraid you can’t.從所提供答案來(lái)看，A、C、D均不合題意，刪除。B與題意相符。
4.Go and get your coat. It’s __________ you left it.(NMET 199115)
A.there B.where C.there where D.where there
本題答案為B。
精析：此題是考查表語(yǔ)從句的用法。A.there不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，排除；C.there where you left it,there之后不能用where引導(dǎo)的從句來(lái)修飾，故排除；D.where there,既用了引導(dǎo)詞where,就不能再用there,所以D也須舍去。
5.-Do you mind if I keep pets in this building? -___________.
A.I’d rather you didn’t,actually B.Of course not,it’s not allowed here C.Great!I love pets D.No,you can’t
本題答案為A。
精析：B、D選項(xiàng)直接拒絕，語(yǔ)氣過(guò)于生硬,不友好,C項(xiàng)過(guò)于熱情，不合實(shí)際，A項(xiàng)則回答得很委婉，有禮貌。
6．We all agree with him on_______he said.
A.what B.that C.why D.how
本題答案為A。
精析：位于介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不能由what引導(dǎo)，但介詞except、in、but、besides除外，此題題干所給的介詞是on,所以，B不對(duì)。表示“所說(shuō)（做，想）的”等意思時(shí)，應(yīng)用what,不用why,how.
7.I won’t go with you. It’s _________ cold outside today.
A.so much B.too much C.very so D.much too
本題答案為D。
精析：因cold為形容詞，不能用so much來(lái)修飾。very to為錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)方式，故排除。too much 可用來(lái)修飾名詞、動(dòng)詞。much too表“實(shí)在太”之意，用來(lái)修飾形容詞與副詞。
8.It’s wrong ________ help him.
A.for you to B.for you not to C.of you to D.of you not to
本題答案為D。
精析：英語(yǔ)中形容詞可分兩類：一是描述主語(yǔ)的品行、道德行為的，如：
nice,good,wrong,careful,careless,foolish,clever等。這類形容詞之后的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用介詞of，其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：It’s+此類形容詞+of sb.to do…;另一類是描述主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的，如：
hard,easy,difficult,necessary,important等。用此類形容詞時(shí)，其后的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，須用介詞for。因本句的形容詞是wrong，A、B排除；C為肯定式，不合題意，舍去。
9.-Would you go to the concert with me? -_________,but I’m very busy now.
A.I’d like to B.Sure C.No problem D.Certainly
本題答案為A。
精析：根據(jù)兩者對(duì)話的內(nèi)容結(jié)果來(lái)看，答方因自己目前很忙，委婉拒絕了對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)。按照英美人的習(xí)慣，即使是拒絕對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)，也要讓對(duì)方覺(jué)得自己是愿意接受對(duì)方邀請(qǐng)的，只是由于某種客觀條件的不允許，因故不能前往。B、C、D是表同意對(duì)方邀請(qǐng)之答語(yǔ)，不合題意舍去。
（SB2-units3-4）
一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.重點(diǎn)單詞
handshake agreement Asian guest custom proud manner disagree comfortable nod wave fist manage distance composition type juice rose check magazine fix hand rail chief event immediately develop addlorry weekly suitable speed daily
2.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
take…for example 以……為例 accept…as 認(rèn)為……是 kiss sb.goodbye 吻別
obey the customs 遵守習(xí)俗 keep a certain distance 保持一定的距離 face to face 面對(duì)面地
take a photograph 照……相 get down 開(kāi)始（認(rèn)真做某事） as well as 也，又
be popular with sb. 受某人歡迎 work on 從事
3.重點(diǎn)句型
What (How)about…?
make oneself understood
while表對(duì)比
either…or;not… but…
They are said to be very good.
There is no more time left for adding new stories.
4.交際英語(yǔ)
Can /shall I help you?
Would you like some help?
Would you like me to do…?
Where is the best place to meet?
Shall we meet at six?
What time shall we meet?
Do you know what they are?
5.語(yǔ)法
部分否定；
with + n. + 補(bǔ)足成分構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的形式主語(yǔ)it；
疑問(wèn)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式；
動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.manage vt.經(jīng)營(yíng)；設(shè)法；對(duì)付
She managed the house very well. 她把家管理得很好。
We managed to finish the work ahead of time. 我們?cè)O(shè)法提前完成了任務(wù)。
I shan’t be able to manage without help. 沒(méi)有人幫助，我無(wú)法辦到。
[辨析] manage to do sth. /try to do sth.
manage to do sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)已達(dá)到目的或出現(xiàn)了結(jié)果，含“成功”之意。try to do sth.意為“試圖或盡力做某事”，多表示一種企圖或決心，而不表示一定成功。如：
we’ve managed to make up for the lost time. 我們?cè)O(shè)法把失去的時(shí)間補(bǔ)了回來(lái)。
He tried to pass the examination,but failed. 他努力想通過(guò)考試，但沒(méi)成功。
2.pleasure n.榮幸；愿意
It’s my pleasure to help you.愿意為你效勞。
It’s a pleasure for me to be invited to the party.應(yīng)邀參加晚會(huì)我深感榮幸。
3. You can take it for example that he always helps the old. 你可以把他幫助老人這件事作為一個(gè)例子。
Take Peter as an example, he is brave and kind. 以彼得為例，他既勇敢又善良。
4.not…but … 不是……而是……
Shakespeare was not a musician but a writer.莎士比亞不是音樂(lè)家而是作家。
Not the students but the teacher is hoping to visit the Great Wall.不是學(xué)生而是老師希望去參觀長(zhǎng)城。
He can’t read or write in English,but can speak English fluently.
他不能讀英語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)，但能流利地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
They neet not money but time. 他們所需要的不是錢，而是時(shí)間。
5．[辨析] for example / such as
for emample 用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明，例子通常是一個(gè)。它可放在所舉例子的前面，也可放在后面；such as 用來(lái)列舉事物，只能放在所列舉的事物的前面。另外，只列舉有代表性的事物，并不全部列出。如：
Some students are often late for school, Li Ling ,for emample .
有些學(xué)生上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到，例如李玲。
He can speak several foreign languages, such as English, Janpanese,
German and so on.
他會(huì)說(shuō)好幾種外語(yǔ)，比如英語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)等。
6.distance n.距離；遠(yuǎn)處
When they finish their talk, the two may be quite a distance from the place where they were standing.當(dāng)談話結(jié)束時(shí)，兩個(gè)人離他們?cè)瓉?lái)站的地方可能有相當(dāng)一段距離了。
The waterfall can be heard at a distance of two miles.
在兩英里外就能聽(tīng)到這瀑布聲。
Hills are blue in the distance.遠(yuǎn)處的山呈藍(lán)色。
The lion looks dangerous, so I decide to keep a distance away from it.獅子看起來(lái)很危險(xiǎn)，所以我決定離它遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)兒。
What’s the distance between Beijing and Shanghai?
北京到上海之間的距離是多少？
7.[辨析] chief/ main
兩者都有“主要的”、“首要的”之意，但有區(qū)別。
chief 主要用于人，表示“為首的，有最高地位或權(quán)力的”。
main一般說(shuō)明事與物，可指某些具體的或抽象的東西。如：
He is the chief policeman. 他是警長(zhǎng)。
This is our main teaching building. 這是我們的主教學(xué)樓。
8.[辨析] event/ accident/ incident
event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然發(fā)生的事故，特別是不幸的、有損害性的事故。incident相對(duì)于accident來(lái)說(shuō)，顯得不很重要，指“小事件”，它還可以用來(lái)表示“事變”，如叛亂、爆炸等。如：
The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events. 廣播員正在播報(bào)時(shí)事新聞。
He was badly injured in the traffic accident. 在那起交通事故中，他嚴(yán)重受傷。
There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.
那輛公共汽車上發(fā)生了一件事，有個(gè)人和售票員打了起來(lái)。
Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)“西安事變”嗎？
9.fix vt.安排；修理；準(zhǔn)備；安裝；固定
We have fixed the time and date of the party. 我們已經(jīng)確定了聚會(huì)的日期和具體時(shí)間。
Something has gone wrong with my tape-recorder. I must have it fixed. 我的錄音機(jī)壞了，我得請(qǐng)人修一下。
Mother decided to fix them something to eat. 母親決定給他們準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)吃的。
It’s not polite to fix your eyes on others. 盯著別人看是不禮貌的。
It is necessary for a child to form the habit of fixing his attention on/ upon what he is doing.
孩子養(yǎng)成專心做事情的習(xí)慣是很有必要的。
10.[辨析] work on/ work at
work on與work at可通用，表示“忙于……”。但在work on sth.中，sth是work的具體對(duì)象；而在work at sth.中，sth. 只說(shuō)明所從事工作的性質(zhì)，即時(shí)間、精力用在某一方面的事情上，而不在于說(shuō)明正在做什么。如：
He is working on/ at a novel. 他正在專心寫(xiě)一部小說(shuō)。
They have worked at this subject for many years. 他們從事這項(xiàng)課題的研究已經(jīng)好多年了。
Bob worked hard on organizing other singers to sing for him for free.
鮑勃積極地組織其他歌唱家為他義務(wù)演唱。
11.[辨析] take photograph of/take photograph for
take photograph of 表示拍照的內(nèi)容。 take photograph for 表示拍照的目的。如：
He took some photographs of these beautiful flowers. 他拍了一些這些美麗的花的照片。
He took some photographs for the foreigners. 他為那些外國(guó)人拍了一些照片。
12．[辨析] as well/ as well as
as well 表示“也”，是副詞短語(yǔ)，用作狀語(yǔ)，通常放在句末，也可放在主語(yǔ)之后，相當(dāng)于too,但一般無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi).as well as 通常看作一個(gè)復(fù)合并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)成分相同的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，表示“既……又……，不但……而且……”當(dāng)它連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：
The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子們學(xué)習(xí)讀書(shū)寫(xiě)字，他們也做游戲。
With television,we can see a picture as well as hear sound. 利用電視,我們既能聽(tīng)到聲音,又能看到圖像.
Tom,as well as his parents,likes pop music. 湯姆以及他的父母都喜歡流行音樂(lè)。
13.[辨析] besides/except/but
besides用作介詞時(shí),表示“除……以外還有”之意,即所除去的東西要包括在內(nèi)。用作副詞時(shí)，表示“此外，而且”
except表了“除……之外”所除去的東西不包括在內(nèi)。
but只能用在no,all,nobody,anything,anywhere等詞之后。
如：Besides knowing some Greek,she was fluent in Italian. 她除了懂些希臘語(yǔ)之外，意大利語(yǔ)也說(shuō)得很流利。
Do you play other games besides tennis? 除網(wǎng)球之外，你還進(jìn)行其他的運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？
It wasn’t a good hotel;besides,it was very expensive. 這不是一家好旅館，況且房?jī)r(jià)也很貴。
Harrison had thought of everything except the weather. 哈利森什么事情都考慮到了，惟獨(dú)沒(méi)有考慮到天氣。
Under the soil there is nothing except/but sand. 土壤下面只有沙子。
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1（NMET 2000）_________production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.
A.As B.For C.With D.Though
分析：C. production 之后為up,它是一個(gè)副詞，for不能位于句首且常引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。A、Ｄ不適于“介詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
題２（NMET 1997）I would love_____________to the party last night.But I had to work extra hours to fnish report.
A.to go B.To have gone C.going D.having gone
分析：B.動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式to go表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后；to have gone是動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。這里有“愿做某事但未做成之意”。
題３（上海 1999）She can’t help___________the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned
分析：Ａ.此題的句意是：她不能幫忙打掃房子，因?yàn)樗τ谧龅案狻an’t help cleaning是“忍不住要打掃”，與下文矛盾。
題4（NMET 1999）The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make
分析：B.空白處以后部分與to make life easier為并列成分，因此后面也用不定式。
題5（NMET 1999）Robert is said___________abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.learning
分析：Ａ.從studied in可知不定式的動(dòng)作指過(guò)去，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)。
題6（NMET 1997）She __________his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.
A.looked up B.took for C.picked out D.picked up
分析：Ａ.句意為“查閱電話號(hào)碼”。
題7（上海 1997）-What do you think made Mary so upset? - __________her new bicycle.
A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing
分析：Ｃ.從問(wèn)句看，問(wèn)的是made的主語(yǔ)。上述選項(xiàng)中只有動(dòng)名詞可作主語(yǔ)。
題8（上海 2001春）Ｗhen you turn on the TV set ,clear picture will______________appear on the screen.
A.rapidly B.hurriedly C.lately D.immediately
分析：Ｄ.“立即，馬上”指時(shí)間。相當(dāng)于soon。
（SB2-units5-6）
一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.詞匯
line appearance set storm film director siage bury uncertain
lifetime search wooden mouthful excite manager honour particular
silent act shape ring collection bank material cheaply pack hide
shame penny coin trade silver possible mine whenever whatever afford
2.句型
set off 動(dòng)身，啟程 in a hurry 匆忙地，很快地
have on 穿著，戴著 pick out 挑出
in(one’s)search 尋求；尋找 bring up 教育；培養(yǎng)
so far 至目前為止 hand out 分發(fā)
here and there 到處 look through 仔細(xì)查看
sooner or later 遲早 pick up 收集；買到
plenty of 大量的 date from 始于……
mix…with… 把……和……攪拌（混合） trade with sb. 與某人做買賣
3.語(yǔ)法
be of this kind
One of the most delicious meals that he has ever enjoyed.
What a pity/ What a shame…
It’s a pity that…
It’s great fun…
be of +(大小、形狀、重量、新舊、顏色等)名詞
4.交際英語(yǔ)
What do you do?(表示詢問(wèn)職業(yè))
Could you…?（表示請(qǐng)求）
電話用語(yǔ)：遺憾的表達(dá)方式。
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1. search;search for; look for
(1)search指“搜查某地或搜身”，其賓語(yǔ)可以是房屋、人身、衣袋等名詞。如：
They searched their homes without any reason.他們毫無(wú)理由地搜查了他們的家。
They searched him but found nothing.他們搜了他的身，但沒(méi)有找到什么。
(2)search for 則指“搜尋、搜索某人或物”。如：
They searched for him everywhere.他們到處搜尋他。
The police searched the wood for the lost child.警察在樹(shù)林里尋找走失的孩子。
試比較：They searched his clothes.他們搜查了他的衣服。（看是否藏有東西）
They searched for his clothes.他們?cè)谒褜に囊路＃ㄒ业揭路?/p>
另外，search也可用做名詞，in search of “尋找、尋求”是個(gè)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)。如：
The boys went in search of something to eat.孩子們?nèi)フ覗|西吃。
(3)look for意為“尋找”，同search for意義大體相同。但search for 意味較強(qiáng)，用很大注意力搜尋。而look for則較為通俗，常用于日常用語(yǔ)。如:
I looked for my missing pen everywhere. 我到處找我丟失的那支筆。
2. be certain…; be sure
be uncertain about意思是“對(duì)……不確定（沒(méi)把握）”
uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是“確信的，有把握的”，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.“肯定會(huì)做……”（表示某事將要發(fā)生）。如：
He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.
(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.“確信、有把握”（表示某個(gè)人的思想狀態(tài)）。如：
We are certain/ sure of victory.
(3)名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般多用certain.
It is certain that he will come.
3. “喜歡”的表示方法
英語(yǔ)中，表示“喜歡”的動(dòng)詞或詞組有若干個(gè)，它們的語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)弱不同，有重有輕，意思也不完全一樣，下面分別舉例說(shuō)明：
(1)love 意為“熱愛(ài)”，指引起深厚的、強(qiáng)烈的感情的愛(ài)，并有一種依附意，語(yǔ)氣最重。如：
His mother,whom he loved deeply,died when he was only a small boy.他深深愛(ài)戴著他的母親，當(dāng)他小的時(shí)候，她與世長(zhǎng)辭了。
I love doing comedies .我喜歡演喜劇。
(2)be fond of 表示“喜歡” “熱愛(ài)”，也表示對(duì)某人或某事有感情，語(yǔ)氣次于“l(fā)ove”。如：
Ants are fond of sweet food. 螞蟻喜歡吃甜食。
I’m fond of this child.我喜歡這個(gè)小孩。
(3)care for意為“喜歡、對(duì)……有興趣”。如：
The girl cares much for new clothes.這個(gè)女孩很喜歡新衣服。
They do not care very greatly for art.他們對(duì)藝術(shù)不是很感興趣。
(4)like意為“喜歡”，指不反感，但不引起強(qiáng)烈的感情和迫切的愿意，反義詞為dislike.如：
Do you like reading?你喜歡閱讀嗎？
I like to read in bed.我喜歡在床上看書(shū)。
(5)enjoy意為“欣賞”“喜歡”，具有滿足感，如：
I enjoy foreign music.我喜歡外國(guó)音樂(lè)。
Most students enjoy asking questions in English.大部分學(xué)生喜歡用英語(yǔ)問(wèn)問(wèn)題。
(6)go in for“喜歡（做某類事）、有某種習(xí)慣或做法”。如：
What sports do you go in for?你喜歡哪些體育運(yùn)動(dòng)？
We don’t go in for that sort of thing.我們不喜歡那種事情。
4. as;which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句異同
as, which 都能引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句。
(1)在引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；
①which從句修飾的先行詞是名詞（詞組），which可與that換用，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省去。如：
Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box which doesn’t.
But the studios(which)he started are still busy today,producing
more and more interesting films.
②as從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾；as可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，一律不可省略。如：
Many of the sports were the same as they are now.（as作表語(yǔ)）
He uses the same map as I (use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。（as作賓語(yǔ)）
Such as beautiful park as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮的公園是由兩個(gè)年輕的工程師設(shè)計(jì)的。（as作主語(yǔ)）
The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected. 印好的報(bào)紙并非如主編原來(lái)所期望的那樣。（as作賓語(yǔ)）
(2)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as,which都可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，都不可省去。
①which從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明先行詞的用途、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。如：
At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper.(用途)
One of Charile Chaplin’s most famous films was“The Gold Rush”,which was made in 1925.(時(shí)間)
Now, however,the maters of this great lake,which is also the World’s deepest(over 1,740 metres),have been dirtied by waste from a chemical factory.(特征)
②which從句還可表示說(shuō)話人的看法，也可對(duì)主句作意義上的補(bǔ)充；which=and it/ this/ that/ they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分；which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如：
He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他說(shuō)她會(huì)四門外語(yǔ)，這是不可能的。（說(shuō)話人看法，which代表賓語(yǔ)從句部分）
比較：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他說(shuō)她會(huì)四門外語(yǔ)，這使我們每個(gè)人都很驚訝。（補(bǔ)充主句，which 代表主句）
③as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有“正如”的意義，其從句可放在主句前或后，如：
The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was compl-
eted in 1969.我們都知道南京長(zhǎng)江大橋，它建成于一九六九年。（as代表先行詞）
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們?cè)S多人（所做的那樣）對(duì)事實(shí)視而不見(jiàn)是愚蠢的。（as代表主語(yǔ)部分）
5. would like; should like
(1)兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)均指“想要……”，與want同義，但would(should)like的語(yǔ)氣較want婉轉(zhuǎn)或客氣。
(2)would like 可用于各種人稱；而should like則主要用于第一人稱。例如：
He would(不用should)like to be a doctor.他希望當(dāng)大夫。
We would(不用should)like to hear your views about it.我們想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的看法。
(3)在疑問(wèn)句中常用would like,而不用should like。例如：
What would you like for breakfast?你早飯想吃什么？
(4)這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)常常簡(jiǎn)略為’d like,后面可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式，不接動(dòng)名詞。例如：
Would you like to leave a message?你要不要留話？
誤：Would you like leaving a message?
(5)在省略回答中，would like to 中的to 不可省略，只省略to后面的詞語(yǔ)（但be 除外）。例如：
①-Would you like to join us tonigh?
-Oh, I’d like to (join you),but I have a friend to see off at the station.
② -Would you like to be a singer?
-Yes,I’d like to be (a singer).
6. shape;form; figure
這組名詞都有“形狀”的意思。
shape 著重指人或物等的比較具體的整個(gè)外形，不太正式；form指有實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)和看得見(jiàn)的某種特殊形狀或是抽象的形式；figure指物時(shí)，側(cè)重指輪廊，指人時(shí)，著重指姿態(tài)。如：
Coins may be of different sizes,weights, shapes, and of diff-
erent metals. 硬幣可能大小、輕重、形狀不同，鑄造的金屬也可能不一樣。
The shape of Italy is like a leg.意大利國(guó)的形狀像一條腿。
Change these sentences into the Present Perfect Passive,putting the verbs into the correct forms.用動(dòng)詞的正確形式將下面的句子變成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 。
Ice,snow and steam are forms of water.冰、雪、蒸氣是水的幾種形態(tài)。
You can see the tall stone figures and visit the temples of the gods.你可以看到那些高大的石雕像，參觀那些神殿。
這組名詞也可當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用，shape意為“使什么東西具有某種具體的外
形”，常有“塑造”等具體意義；form指通過(guò)協(xié)商、組織等形成某種習(xí)慣、計(jì)劃或組織等，一般相當(dāng)于“形成”;figure通常指象征某事物。
7.be of…結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)
(1)be of + 表示年齡（age）、大小（size）、顏色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、價(jià)格（price）、意見(jiàn)（opinion）、形狀（shape）、種類（kind）和方法（way）等名詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，of表示“具有”之意，有時(shí)可省去。例如：
They are both of middle height.他倆都是中等個(gè)兒。
When I was of your age, I was a teacher.當(dāng)我是你這個(gè)年齡時(shí)，我當(dāng)老師了。
These flowers are of different colors.這些花朵顏色不同。
Tom is of a different way of thinking.湯姆的思維方式與別人不同。
注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果of后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an，則a/an=the same.例如：
The two boys are of an/the same age.這兩個(gè)男孩同齡。
These bottles are of a/the same size.這些瓶子大小一樣。
(2)be of + 物質(zhì)名詞，表示主語(yǔ)是由某材料制成或某成分構(gòu)成，相當(dāng)于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：
The necklace is(made)of glass.這項(xiàng)鏈?zhǔn)遣Ａе频摹?/p>
The bridge is (built)of stone.這橋是由石頭構(gòu)筑的。
Our class is (made up)of over 50 students. 我班有50多個(gè)學(xué)生。
(3)be of + 抽象名詞（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示“具有、具備”等意思，of不能省，這一結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于be+該抽象名詞相應(yīng)的形容詞。例如：
They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他們對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)是很有幫助的。
In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事實(shí)上體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是很有價(jià)值的。
The book is of no use/useless to us.這書(shū)對(duì)我們無(wú)用。
It is of great importance/very important to study English.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很重要。
因此，根據(jù)上述(1),(2)點(diǎn)可以看出，課文句中第一個(gè)be of 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“具有”，第二個(gè)be of(承前省去be)表示“由……制成的”。全句漢語(yǔ)意思為：“硬幣的大小、重量、形狀可能各不相同，并由不同的金屬制成。”
8. whatever用法小結(jié)
whatever 是一種用法較特殊的代詞，兼有連接詞和關(guān)系詞的作用，主要有以下三種用法：
(1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句，意思是“凡是……的事物(=anything that)”.
Whatever I have is yours.我所有的東西就是你的。(主語(yǔ)從句)
Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.到郵票銷售處去把你能買得起的郵票都買下來(lái)。（賓語(yǔ)從句）
She would tell him whatever news she got.她會(huì)把所聽(tīng)到的任何消息都告訴他。（賓語(yǔ)從句）
Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.把任何使你煩惱的事都對(duì)我談?wù)劇＃ń樵~賓語(yǔ)從句）
whatever在這類從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。
(2)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，多表示讓步，意思是“不管什么、無(wú)論怎樣”。如：
Don’t change your plans, whatever happens.無(wú)論怎樣，你都別改變計(jì)劃。
Whatever I am, it’s useful to know foreign languages.無(wú)論我做什么工作，懂外語(yǔ)總是有用的。
So don’t lose heart, whatever you do。因此無(wú)論你做什么，都不要喪失信心。
Whatever the old man was like, most of his scientific work was sound.無(wú)論那位老人怎么樣，他大部分的科研工作是好的。
You have to go on,whatever difficulties you meet.無(wú)論你遇到什么困難，你都必須干下去。
Whatever在這類從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。
這類句中的某些成分還可以省略。如：
The country is always beautiful whatever the season(is).無(wú)論哪個(gè)季節(jié)，這個(gè)國(guó)家總是很美。
9.感嘆句表達(dá)方式
感嘆句表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的驚訝、喜悅、贊賞和憤怒等情緒。大多數(shù)感嘆句是由what和how引導(dǎo)，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“What(或How)+感嘆部分+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！”。也有少量其他形式的感嘆句，現(xiàn)一并歸納如下：
(1)What 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
What 用做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞，其引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：
①What+a(an)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如：
What an orphan he is!他是個(gè)多么可憐的孤兒啊！
②What+a (an)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如：
What a beautiful voice she has!她的聲音多美啊！
③What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如：
What kind doctors they are!他們是多好的醫(yī)生啊！
④What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如：
What good news it is!
(2)How 引起的感嘆句
How 用做狀語(yǔ)，修飾形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞，其引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：
①How+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！
How clever you are!
②How+副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！
How well she dances!
③How +形容詞+a(an)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如：
How good a student he is!
④How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如：
How the teachers worked!教師們工作多么努力啊！
⑤How+many(few)+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如：
How many books you have read!
⑥How much(little)+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！如：
How little money the coat cost!
(3)“What+a(an)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！”句型可轉(zhuǎn)換為“How+形容詞+a(an)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！”句型。如；
What a clever boy he is!
How clever a boy he is!
(4)感嘆句常將主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞省略，以“What+名詞！”或“How+形容詞！”的形式構(gòu)成。如：
What a fine student!
What mountains!
How wonderful!
How brave!
(5)其他形式的感嘆句
有時(shí)候，可不用what和how來(lái)表示感嘆，而用陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句，甚至一個(gè)詞或詞組來(lái)表示感嘆。如：
She is such a nice girl!她是一個(gè)多好的姑娘啊！（陳述句）
Who do you think you are!你算老幾！（疑問(wèn)句）
“Stop the train! Stop the train!”(祈使句)
Wonderful!(一個(gè)詞)
Happy New Year!(詞組)
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 （NMET 1995）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
分析：C。因句意表達(dá)的是“鉛筆部分放于水中”所出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，即“看上去像折掉了一樣”，所以空白處應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
題2 （NMET 1997）The two strangers talked as if they _______ friends for years.
A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
分析：D。從talked一詞可知是過(guò)去情況的虛擬形式。
題3 The sun is the centre of the universe, __________ we all know.
A. for B. as C. that D. what
分析：B。as可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，經(jīng)常與know連用，as代替前面一句話，即，先行詞是一句話。
題4 He paid the boy washing ten windows, most of _________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
分析：D。從句中的逗號(hào)可以判斷，橫線上缺少一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that不能作介詞賓語(yǔ)。
題5 （NMET 2000）These wild flowers are so special that I would do__________I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
分析：A。句中I can后省略了do.即應(yīng)為I can do to save them, do后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用whatever,意為“任何事情、不論什么”。
題6 (上海 2002) There’s a feeling in me_________We’ll never know what a UFO is-not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
分析：A。that的先行詞是a feeling in me ,是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
題7 It’s no use _______the small matters again.
A. discuss about B. to discuss C. discussing D. having a discussion
分析：C。It’s not use doing sth…做某事沒(méi)有用。
題8 Very few can_______ the difference between the two words.
A. speak B. say C. tell D. talk
分析：C。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)在詞意上有區(qū)別。speak(講)和say(說(shuō))均為不及物動(dòng)詞；tell(告訴)為及物動(dòng)詞；talk(談話)為不及物動(dòng)詞。tell和can或can’t 連用，表示“分辨”。
（SB2-units7-8）
一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.詞匯
settle, struggle, freeze, exploit, refer, block, average, be famous for, a great deal of, make use of, clear up, from time to time, tell the difference between, tell…from…,generally speaking, sound/look strange, the second largest, struggle against, all the year around, refer to, live on, settle down, breath, injure, lay, wound, safety, wherever, quantity, ought to, take it easy, first aid, muth-to-mouth, deal with, running water, out of one’s reach, hold up, throw up, stay still, give first aid, lie on one’s back, out of reach, get sb. to do sth., by mistake, pay attention to, leave her where she is.
2.句型
(1)You mean it looks strange!
(2)I’ll tell you something that does sound strange.
(3)The population of Canada is…
(4)As in China,the weather is different from area to area.
(5)I think she must be injured.
(6)Leave her where she is.
(7)Repeat this as often as necessary.
(8)Don’t reach sideways while standing on a ladder.
(9)If anyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.
3.語(yǔ)法
(1)學(xué)習(xí)主謂一致的用法
(2)復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must和should的用法，學(xué)習(xí)ought to的用法
4.交際英語(yǔ)
(1)A lof of people can’t tell the difference between…
(2)Are there many differences?
(3)What do you mean by…
(4)I’m sorry, I don’t quite follow you.
(5)Do you use American or British spelling?
(6)American spellings are used more and more in Canada now.
(7)We must carry her to the side of the road.
(8)You should/ shouldn’t
(9)I ought to go home.
(10)Don’t try to get up.
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.drop用法歸納
drop可用作名詞“滴”；用作不及物動(dòng)詞“掉下，滴下”；用作及物動(dòng)詞“使掉（滴）下”。如：
a drop of blood一滴血；drop by rop/in drops一滴一滴地；drop from the tree從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái)；drop to the ground 落在地上；drop the letter into the mailbox把信投進(jìn)信箱；drop a handkerchief/stone掉下手帕/石頭
習(xí)語(yǔ)：drop in 順便拜訪；drop in on sb.順便走訪某人；drop in at his school順便拜訪他的學(xué)校。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我看見(jiàn)一個(gè)蘋(píng)果從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái)。I saw an apple______ _______ the tree.
②他們這樣做是搬起石頭咂自己的腳。In doing so they are lifting a rock to ______ _____on their feet.
③你路過(guò)的話，千萬(wàn)要來(lái)。Do _______ _______ if you happen to be passing.
Key：①drop,from ②drop, it ③drop, in
2.average短語(yǔ)歸納
average 可用作名詞，表示“平均數(shù)，一般水平”，也可作形容詞，表示“平均的”。如：
the average of the pay 平均工資；above/below the average 平均以上/以下；
the average age of the girls姑娘的平均年齡；
the average temperature平均氣溫；
on(an,the)average平均起來(lái)
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
① 這個(gè)廠的工人平均每月收入700元。
_________ _________，one worker in this factory gets 700 yuan every month.
②他的功課一般以上。He is_________ _________ in his lessons.
Key: ①On, average ②above, average
3.reach sth./reach for sth.
(1)reach sth.表示“夠得著某物”，reach是及物動(dòng)詞。如：reach the top of the shelf夠得著架子頂部；reach the apple on the tree夠得著樹(shù)上的蘋(píng)果。
(2)reach for sth.表示“伸手（腳）去夠某物”，其中的reach是不及物動(dòng)詞。亦可替換成reach out for sth.或reach out one’s hand(foot)for sth.，意義相同。
(3)reach還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞表示“延伸”。如：The woods reach as far as the river.樹(shù)林子延伸到河邊。
(4)短語(yǔ)：reach an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議；
beyond/out of one’s reach夠不著，力所不及；
out of the reach of sb.某人夠不著；
within one’s reach夠得著，力所能及。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他伸手去夠樹(shù)枝，但是夠不著。He ______ ______ the stick but could not_______it.
②你最好把吃的東西放在小孩夠得著的地方。You’d better have the food _______the boy’s ________.
Key:①reached, for, reach ②within, reach
4.表示態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣的短語(yǔ)歸納
generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)；strictly speaking嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)；honestly speaking誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)來(lái)；personally speaking就我個(gè)人而言；exactly speaking準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)來(lái)。to tell you the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話；to be honest老實(shí)說(shuō)；believe it or not信不信由你；judging from his appearance從他的相貌來(lái)說(shuō)
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
① 嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，加拿大英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)并不完全一樣。
② _______ ______,Canadian English is not just the same as American English.
②老實(shí)說(shuō)我不贊同你的想法。_______ _______ ________,I can’t agree to your idea.
③一般地說(shuō)，青年人喜歡流行音樂(lè)。___________,young people enjoy pop music.
Key:①Strictly,speaking ②To,be,honest ③Generally, speaking
5.如何表示“不同，區(qū)別”
1)tell the difference between A and B.說(shuō)出A和B的區(qū)別；辨別A和B
2)tell A from B.區(qū)別、辨別A和B
3)What’s the difference between A and B?A和B什么不同？
4)There be some differences between A and B.A和B 之間有不同之處。
5)A be different from B.A和B不同
6)make sb./sth.different from使某人/物不同于……
7)do sth. differently from…做起某事與……不同
8)make no difference無(wú)關(guān)緊要
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我?guī)缀踔v不出這兩個(gè)單詞之間的區(qū)別。I can hardly_____the difference________ these two words.
②綿羊和山羊有什么不同？________ ________ ________between a sheep and a goat?
③哪一邊贏對(duì)我都不重要。It _______ ________ ________ to me which side may win.
④你確實(shí)很富，但這并不能使你不同于別人。
You are rich indeed, but that doesn’t _________ __________ __________ ________ __________.
⑤事實(shí)和他所說(shuō)的大不一樣。The fact _______quite________ _________ what he said.
⑥你能分辯出她和她的姐姐嗎？Can you _________ her________her sister?
Key:①tell, between ②What’s,the,difference ③makes,no, difference ④make, you,different,from,others
⑤is,different,from ⑥tell,from
6.ordinary, common
二者都有“普通的，平常的”的意思，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。ordinary側(cè)重表示“外表平凡，平平常常”；而common指“普遍存在，經(jīng)常碰到”。對(duì)比：
in ordinary dress穿著平常的衣服； in an ordinary way以通常的方式；an ordinary – looking man相貌平常的人； an ordinary event平常的一件事； common excuse常用的借口； common knowledge常識(shí)；
common people普通人，老百姓； have a bathroom in common合用洗澡間。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①那是一首普通的舞曲。 It was a piece of______dance music.
②這種天氣在南方是很常見(jiàn)的。 This sort of weather is quite _________in the south.
③這弟兄兩個(gè)沒(méi)有什么共同之處。 These two brothers have nothing ________ _________.
Key:①ordinary ②common ③in common
7.freeze,freezing,frozen
freeze是動(dòng)詞“結(jié)冰，凝固”；freezing可用作名詞“冰點(diǎn)”，用作形容詞“冰冷的”，用作副詞“極冷地”；frozen既是freeze的過(guò)去分詞形式，也可用作形容詞，表示“冷凍的”。對(duì)比：
Water freezes below freezing. 冰點(diǎn)以下時(shí)水結(jié)冰。
It was freezing cold that morning.那天早晨非常地冷。
The roads are frozen in places.路上多處結(jié)冰。
[應(yīng)用]英譯漢
①above/over freezing ②freezing weather ③be frozen to death ④give sb. a freezing cold
⑤freezing machine ⑥frozen meat ⑦I’m frozen,so I can’t write ⑧I’m freezing,so I’ve to put on a heavy coat.
Key:①零度以上 ②很冷的天氣 ③被凍死 ④冷冷地看某人一眼 ⑤制冷機(jī) ⑥凍肉
⑦我凍壞了，不能寫(xiě)東西了。 ⑧我覺(jué)得冷極了，我得穿件厚大衣。
8.refer to, refer…to
1）refer 可用作及物動(dòng)詞，用于refer… to,表示“將……提交給”。如：
refer this problem to the school把這個(gè)問(wèn)題提交學(xué)校；
refer the matter to the United Nations.將這件事情提交聯(lián)合國(guó)
2)refer表示“談到，涉及；查閱，參考，指”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，需用refer to結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The book which you referred to is not in the library. 你所指的那本書(shū)不在圖書(shū)館。
His report refers to the situation in the Middle East. 他的報(bào)告談到中東的形勢(shì)。
短語(yǔ)：refer to the map/one’s notes/the dictionary 查閱地圖/參考筆記/查字典
注意：look up word in the dictionary 查字典
對(duì)比：refer to 指語(yǔ)言、內(nèi)容與某人（物）有關(guān)；而point to表示用手指向某人（物）。如：
I didn’t know whom she was referring to. 我不知道她指的是誰(shuí)。
She pointed to the map and explained to the students. 她指著地圖給學(xué)生做出解釋。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我在加拿大時(shí)，一位朋友經(jīng)常提起白求恩大夫。
A friend of mine often ______ _______ Dr.Bethune when I was in Canada.
②兩國(guó)把這件事提交給了聯(lián)合國(guó)。The two countries. _______the matter _______the United Nations.
Key:①referred,to ②referred,to
9.clear
(1)用作形容詞，表示“清楚的，明白的”。如：
in a clear voice以清楚的聲音；
be clear about sth.對(duì)……清楚，明白；
be clear to sb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很清楚；
make one’s meaning clear 說(shuō)明自己的意思；
注意兩個(gè)句型：A：make it clear that…聲明，說(shuō)明；B.It’s (was)clear that…很明顯（清楚）……。
（2）用作動(dòng)詞，表示“清除，清理，使干凈”。如：
clear one’s room/a table/a street/the desk 整理房間/收拾桌子/清掃大街/整理書(shū)桌；
clear away the dishes/waste把餐碟收走/把垃圾清除
（3）clear up 的三個(gè)意義：
A.表示“清理，收拾，解決”。如：
The dustmen were busy clearing up the snow on the road. 清潔工正在清除路上的積雪。
This book has cleared up many problems for me. 這本書(shū)給我解決了許多難題。
B．表示“（天氣）轉(zhuǎn)晴”。如：
It’s snowing now, but I think it will clear up soon. 現(xiàn)在正在下雨，但是我想天氣很快會(huì)晴的。
C．表示“露出喜悅的心情”。如：
Her face cleared up as she read the letter. 她看信的時(shí)候面露喜色。
［應(yīng)用］完成句子
①她對(duì)下一步干什么十分清楚。 She is _________ _________what to do next.
②很清楚敵人是不會(huì)放棄他們的計(jì)劃的。______ ______ ______that the enemy wouldn’t give up their plan.
③他明確表示他要離職。He _________ _________ ________that he would leave office.
④在離開(kāi)辦公室以前，請(qǐng)把你的桌子整理一下。_________ ________your desk before you leave the office.
Key:①clear,about ②It, is, clear ③make , it clear ④Clear,up
10.on+身體部位
lay the person on one’s back讓這個(gè)人仰臥著； lie on one’s back/stomach/side仰臥/趴著/側(cè)著身躺著；
sleep on one’s side 側(cè)身睡； stand on one foot 一條腳站著； stand on one’s head倒立
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①她趴在床上，哭個(gè)不停。She ______ _______ ______ ______in the bed,crying all the while
②你想倒立幾個(gè)小時(shí)是很不容易的。It’s difficult for you to _____ ______ ______ ______ for several hours.
Key:①lay, on, her, stomach ②stand,on, your,head
11.deal with,do with
1)二者都可表示“對(duì)付，應(yīng)付，處理，安排”，但deal是不及物動(dòng)詞，可與how連用；而do是及物動(dòng)詞，只與what連用表示上述意義，不能單獨(dú)使用。對(duì)比：
We don’t know what to do with the waste materials./We don’t know how to deal with the waste materials.
我們不知道怎樣處理這此廢料。
What’s the best way of dealing with thieves? 對(duì)付小偷最好的辦法是什么？
（此句中的deal with不可替換成do with）
2)deal with還可表示“論述，涉及到；與……相處”等意義，而do with 無(wú)此用法。如：
The books dealing with Asian problems sell well in colleges. 論述亞洲問(wèn)題的書(shū)在大學(xué)里很暢銷。
That man is easy to deal with. 這個(gè)人容易相處。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
① 你是怎么處理這類事情的？
_________did you deal with matters of this sort? What did you ________ _________matters of this sort?
②我們要處理的棘手事太多了。 There are too many difficulties for us to _________ ______.
Key:①How/ do,with ②deal, with
12.still
1) 用作形容詞，意為“靜止的，不動(dòng)的，平靜的”。
如：keep(stay) still保持不動(dòng)；lie(stand)still躺著（站著）不
動(dòng)；a still lake/evening 平靜的湖/寂靜的夜晚。
2)用作副詞，表示“還，仍舊”，可以修飾形容詞、副詞比較組。如：
be still busy仍然很忙;win still greater success取得更大成功。
3)辨析still,quiet,silent;still側(cè)重“一動(dòng)不動(dòng)”，quiet指“安靜”，無(wú)動(dòng)作，無(wú)聲音，無(wú)騷亂，其反義詞是noisy（吵鬧的、喧嘩的）；silent指不出聲，不說(shuō)話。對(duì)比：sit still坐著不動(dòng)；Be quiet,and the class will begin.請(qǐng)安靜，馬上就要開(kāi)始上課了。
Hearing the answer,be was silent for a minute or more.聽(tīng)了回答之后，他沉默了一兩分鐘。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他個(gè)子高，他哥哥更高。He is tall,but his brother is _________ _________.
②我已經(jīng)考慮了幾個(gè)小時(shí)，但仍然不能決定。I have been thinking for hours, but I ______can’t decide.
Key:①still, talker ②still
13.hurt,wound
二者都有“受傷”之意，但含義有所不同。
Wound指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。而hurt既指肉體上的也指精神上的傷害，含強(qiáng)烈疼痛意味。如：
be badly wounded in the battle 戰(zhàn)斗中受重傷；
wound sb.to death 使某人受傷致死；
hurt one’s back摔傷了后背；hurt one’s feeling傷害某人的感情；be hurt by his words被他的話所傷害。
注意：A.wound可用作名詞：
have a wound in the chest胸部受傷；receive a serious wound受重傷；the wounded傷員。
B.hurt還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“疼痛難受”對(duì)比：
The girl fell off her bike. She hurt one of her legs hurts. 姑娘從自行車上掉下來(lái)，有一條腿疼得厲害。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
① 這位戰(zhàn)士頭部受了傷.
The soldier ______ ______ _____in his head.
The soldier ______ _______in the head. The soldier head ______ ______.
②他們說(shuō)我的那些話使我很傷心。I was rather__________by what they said about me.
③我右腿疼。My right foot ________.
④他的傷似乎是很重。It seemed that he _________badly_________.
Key:①received,a, would/was, wounded/was wounded ②hurt ③hurts ④was, hurt/wounded
14.happen句型歸納
(1)happen to do sth.(主語(yǔ)常為“人”)，意為“碰巧。恰好”。to 后可用不定式的一般式to do,完成式to have done進(jìn)行式to be doing如：
You happened to be out when I came to your house. 我到你家時(shí)，你正好出去了。
She happened to have just finished reading the book. 碰巧她剛剛讀完那本書(shū)。
The two salesmen happened to be quarrelling when the manager entered.
經(jīng)理進(jìn)去時(shí)兩個(gè)售貨員碰巧在吵架。
(2)It(so)happen that…“（如此）碰巧，恰好”。如：
It happens that he is a teacher of English. 恰好他是位英語(yǔ)老師。
It so happened that he was going that way too. 如此碰巧的是他也往那邊走。
注意：句型1）和2）可互換，如：
I happened to have no money with me./It happened that I had no money with me. 我碰巧身上沒(méi)帶錢。
(3)happen to sb./sth. “某人/物出事，發(fā)生了……情況”。
如：What has happened to your hand?你的手怎么了？
Be careful not to let anything happen to that child. 小心別讓那個(gè)孩子出任何事。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①(MET’91) -We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. -What do you suppose __________to her?
A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happened
②They happened to _______for Tianjin when we got there.(MET’)
A.leave B.have left C.leaving D.had left
③If anything __________you,let me know.
A.is happened to B.is happening C.happens on D.happens to
Key:①C ②B ③D
16.mistake短語(yǔ)歸納
1)用作名詞：by mistake由于差錯(cuò)；make mistakes 出錯(cuò)；make no mistake沒(méi)出錯(cuò)；correct one’s mistake改正錯(cuò)誤；recognize one’s mistake承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤；make mistake about sb./sth.誤會(huì)（解）某人/事
2)用作動(dòng)詞：mistake one’s meaning誤解某人的意思；mistake sb./sth.for錯(cuò)當(dāng)成，誤以為是……；be mistaken 弄錯(cuò)，錯(cuò)誤的。
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 （上海 2001） Time will _________ whether I made the right choice or not.
A.seee B.say C.know D.tell
分析：D。tell意為“辨別”。
題2 （NMET 1998）They ___________the train until it disappeared in the distance
A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed
分析：B。題干中until it disappeared in the distance 表明“他們?cè)谧⒁曋疖嚕钡剿谝曇爸邢А！眘ee(be able to use your eyes to look at things and know what they are);watch (look at and pay attention to something that is happening;);notice(see,hear,or feel something);observe(see and notice sth.)從上面內(nèi)容可知答案為B。
題3 （上海 1994）Either you or the headmaster__________the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out
分析：D。句中表按預(yù)定的計(jì)劃做某事，而hand out 不是表示“出發(fā)、動(dòng)身”等意的瞬間動(dòng)詞，因此不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，不能選A或C。另外either…or + 主語(yǔ) + v.結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。
題4 （上海 2002）It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I __________in love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall
分析：B。虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
題5 （MET 1992） We _________last night,but we went to the concert instead.
A.must have studied B.might sutdy C.should have studied D.would study
分析：C。從but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折來(lái)看，前句應(yīng)與后句相反，所以前句應(yīng)為“過(guò)去本應(yīng)做的事，而未做。”
題6 （NMET 1995） It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___________be here at any moment.
A.must B.meed C.should D.can
分析：C。題干中有be expected to，或具有一種對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)意味，可用should.
題7 （NMET 1994） I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I________for her.
A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
分析：C。此題表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做而未做”。
題8 （NMET 1998）
-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They ________be ready by 12:00.
A.can B.should C.might D.need
分析：B。此題表示對(duì)未來(lái)情況的推測(cè)意味。
（SB2-units9-10）
一、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.重點(diǎn)單詞
fit mile Russia bank present dirty pour test separately square
lecture damage area pollution cattle desert cause limit gradually sight power living probably entire run choice note change fool order right pleasant assistant customer fault foolish tailor trust judge apologize bill perfect bottom powerful equal pure serve
2.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
turn…into… 把……變成 blow away 刮走，吹走 go off 走開(kāi) die out 滅絕
be fit for 適合于 time and time again 多次；不斷地 lose one’s sight 喪失視力
to one’s joy 令人高興的是 in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)境地 depend 依靠，依賴 get off 脫下
put down 記下 keep back 留下 give back 退還 or else 否則 be after 追尋，尋找
change … for 用……來(lái)?yè)Q do sb. a favour 幫某人一個(gè)忙 drop in on 拜訪某人
make … to one’s own measure 依照某人的尺寸做……put sb. to the trouble of doing 麻煩某人做某事
take … as 把……當(dāng)作 make an apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
3.重點(diǎn)句型
What is … like?/How is /are … ?
How do you like/find?/What do you think of ?/It’s thought that/once…
Why can’t you …? Why don’t you …?
Is there anything the matter?
So does this one.
4.交際英語(yǔ)
There seems to be something wrong with it. I can’t possibly use it.
I would like you to change…
You sold me a … that I can’t use any more.
I insist you give me my money back.
Why can’t you do something about it?
5.語(yǔ)法
學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去分詞在句中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
no matter +疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)；as if引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.die out 熄滅；絕種；逐漸消失。如：
①The fire died out .火滅了。
②That talkative man’s voice died out.那個(gè)健談的人的聲音漸漸地聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)了。
2.the + 形容詞（分詞）表示一類人的用法。
常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)有：
the old(young; rich; poor; learned; living…).如：
The living should carry out what the dead unfinished. 活著的人（后人）應(yīng)該把前人未競(jìng)事業(yè)進(jìn)行到底。
3.no more than①(=noly)僅僅，不過(guò)。②兩者都不。如：
①What can I do, I’m no more than a citizen. 我能怎么樣，我只不過(guò)是個(gè)平民百姓。
②Tom is no cleverer than Jack. 湯姆和杰克都不聰明。
但是：no