單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1. 本單元主要圍繞詢問身體狀況，述說身體狀況，評論身體狀況開展語言交際學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)時一定要熟記并能正確運用這些語句。
2. 學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞have to的用法
3. 學(xué)習(xí)系動詞及其用法
【重點難點解析】
本單元語法重點是have to和連系動詞的用法。
1. have to 和must的區(qū)別
(1)have to 和must 都表示必須。have to 強調(diào)客觀需要，所以又有“不得不”的意思。must表示說話人的主觀的看法。have to 隨人稱、時態(tài)的變化而變化，而must則沒有時態(tài)、人稱的變化。
I must study hard. 我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。(表示本人自己決心努力學(xué)習(xí)，而不是被迫的)
He has to study hard to pass the exam. 為了通過考試，他得努力學(xué)習(xí)。(客觀上為了考試及格)
(2)否定形式mustn't 和don't have to意思是不一樣的，不能互換。mustn't 表示禁止、不許；don't have to 表示不必，相當(dāng)于needn't。例如：
You mustn't tell your mother. 不許你告訴你媽媽。
You don't have to tell your mother. 你不必告訴你媽媽。
(3)對must的一般疑問句進行否定回答時，用don't have to. 而不用mustn't.
Must I hand in the book now?
No, you don't have to. (或No, you needn't)
2. 連系動詞，簡稱系動詞，本身有詞義，但必須與名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語等表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動詞有be，look看上去，turn, get, become, seem, keep等。
如：We ゛re students. 我們是學(xué)生。
系動詞 表語 ┪ 語
They all look fine. 他們看起來都很好。
本單元“系動詞+表語”構(gòu)成的語有：
feel well 感到舒服 feel tired 感到疲倦 be sick/ill 生病 be in bed 臥在床上 be in hospital 在住院 be tired 勞累 fall asleep 入睡 be awake 醒著 be fast asleep 睡 熟 seem angry 似乎生氣了 smell sweet 發(fā)出香甜味 taste嘗著味道很美 feel weak 感到虛弱無力 become a doctor 成為一個醫(yī)生 look like her sister 看著像她的姐姐
【命題趨勢分析】
診斷醫(yī)生與病人間的對話是常見題之一。應(yīng)讀熟課文掌握常用詞及句子，這類題做起來就較容易，要在讀背理解上下功夫。試完成下列對話。
補全對話
A: Good morning. what's wrong with you, Madam?
B: I'm not 1 well. I can hardly(幾乎不)do any work, doctor.
A: Have you taken your 2 ?
B: Yes, I have. But it 3 to be all right.
A: Do you sleep very well?
B: Yes. I sleep very well. But I often feel tired.
A: How long have you been 4 this?
B: Over half a year.
A: What do you often eat for your 5 ?
B: For breakfast I have 5 pieces of bread and 3 cups of milk. For lunch and supper, I often have meat, rice, bread and so on.
A: I see. There's nothing 6 wrong with you, but I'm afraid you have a problem.
B: I don't understand! What problem is it?
A: The problem is that you eat too much food, but you don't take 7 exercise.
B: Oh dear! You mean I'm too fat. What do I have to do if I want to be 8 .
A: To eat less food and take more exercise. That is to say, everyday you can have one apple, one egg, one piece of dry bread and a glass of milk.
B: Thank you, doctor. No problem. Tell me, do I 9 to take them before or after dinners?
A: No, you don't understand. Not before or after dinner-- 10 of them.
解答：此對話是有關(guān)看病內(nèi)容的。1. feeling 2. temperature(take one's temperature詞組) 3. seems 4. like 5. meals(因為答語中談到三餐飯食) 6. much 7. enough/more 8. thinner(因為上句提到too fat) 9. have(have to不得不) 10. instead
分析：此題考查學(xué)生的語言交際能力。解題的關(guān)鍵要掌握看病、詢問身體狀況及勸告等交際用語，并且要理解語境，根據(jù)上下文去完成對話。學(xué)生易錯的是第5空和第10空，沒有理解好對話語境而誤填breakfast和neither。
核心知識
【常用單詞積累】
angry, asleep, awake, become, cough, difficult, dream, enough, fat, hard, headache, instead, pain, pill, plant, relax, rich, serious, smell, storm, terrible, thin, trouble, wake, worst
feel well 感到舒服 have a headache=have a pain in one's head 患頭痛 have a cough 得了咳嗽 take one's temperature 量體溫 nothing serious 問題不嚴重 take the medicine 服藥 have a good rest 好好休息 wake up 醒來 be good for 對…有益處 fall asleep 入睡、睡覺 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 all right 整夜 stop…from… 阻止…做 … be awake 醒著的 go to sleep 睡覺 play some light music 彈奏一些輕音樂 be asleep 睡著 in the school band 在學(xué)校樂隊里 again and again 再三地，反復(fù)地 every five minutes 每隔五分鐘 look over 檢查 take exercise 做運動 instead of 代替 three times a day 每日三次 the sleeping pills 安眠藥
【基礎(chǔ)知識精講】
1. Mum, I don't feel very well. 媽媽，我覺得不舒服。表示身體狀況的用語
(1)表示“身體很好”可以說：fell well/fine/all right“感到身體很好”
(2)表示“感到身體不舒服”可以說：
don't feel/well/fine/all right或者feel ill/sick 感到生病了 feel bad/terrible 感 到身體不適，感到身體不好 fell even worse 感到身體更不好
詢問“某人哪不舒服”“某人怎么了? ”可以說：
What's the matter(with sb)?
What's the trouble(with sb)?
What's wrong(with sb)?
What's your trouble?
What has happened to you?
(Is there) Anything wrong with you?
評論某人的身體情況時一般說：
There's something wrong with him.
Something must be wrong with him.
There's nothing serious with him.
He has fallen ill and is in bed/hospital now.
He has been ill for quite a few days.
He has been in bed/hospital for a week.
He is a little/much better now.
He is even worse than before.
He is getting well/better.
He is felling well/better now.
詢問某人的身體情況時可以說：
How are you feeling now?
Are you better?
How are you (now)?
How's your mother?
Is she any better now?
How long have you been like this?
How long has she been in bed/in hospital?
2. I have a headache and cough. 我患了頭病，咳嗽。
have a cough. 患了咳嗽 have a cold. 患了感冒
have a headache/toothache/stomachache 患頭病/牙病/腹疼
3. This morning I had a pain in my head.
今天早上我頭部疼。
have a pain/pains in+身體部位 “某處痛”
如：have a pain in one's head = have a headache=one's head hurts.
He has a pain in his head=He has a headache=His head hurts. 他頭痛。
4. She didn't feel like eating anything. 她不想吃任何東西。
feel like 和 would like
feel like 和 would like 所表示的意思很接近，表示“想要”，但前者接動詞-ing形式，而后者接不定式，這是like的詞性所決定的。feel like中feel是動詞，like是介詞，因此后面接名詞或動詞-ing形式，would like中would是情態(tài)動詞。like是實意動詞，后面接不定式。例如：
(1)He felt like going out for a walk. =He'd like to go out for a walk. 他想出門散散步。
(2)I feel like taking a good rest. =I'd like to take a good rest. 我想好好休息一下。
(3)She feels like a good meal. =She'd like to have a good meal. 她想美美地吃一頓。
(4)Do you feel like a swim? =Would you like to have a swim? 你想游泳嗎?
5. Let me take your temperature. 讓我給你量量體溫。
看病時，常用語：take one's temperature. 量體溫。take the medicine 服藥。 three times a day 一日三次。 The temperature is all right. 體溫正常 have a good rest 好好休息look over 檢查(身體)
6. Then try to relax before you go to sleep. 那么入睡前盡量放松。
be asleep = fall asleep “睡著，入睡”表示狀態(tài)
go to sleep “入睡，睡著”指由醒到睡著的過程
go to bed “去睡，就寢，上床睡覺”指入睡前的動作
be fast asleep 熟睡
7. We had to work for hours to stop the ship from going down.
我們不得不工作幾個小時來阻止船下沉。
stop sb. /sth. from doing sth. 是“阻止……不做某事”的意思。介詞from可以省略。例如：
(1)We must stop him (from) doing such a foolish thing.
我們必須阻止他不讓他做這樣的蠢事。
(2)The heavy rain stopped us (from) starting out.
大雨使我們不能動身。
(3)What can stop me (from) going if I want to go?
如果我要去，有什么能阻止我去呢?
(4)They tried to stop such a thing(from) happening.
他們想阻止這樣的事情發(fā)生。
與stop sb. /sth. from doing sth. 這個結(jié)構(gòu)相似的還有keep sb. from doing sth. 其中from不可省。
8. Do you have to stop eating chocolate?
你必須停止吃巧克力嗎?
stop to do 和stop doing
stop to do 的意思是“停下來做某事”，不定式作狀語，表示stop的目的，即做另一件事。stop doing的意思是“停止做某事”，動詞的-ing形式是stop的賓語，即停止正在做的事情。試比較：
(1)They stopped to talk to me. 他們停下來和我講話。
(2)They stopped talking to me. 他們中斷了與我交談。
(3)Stop running about! 不要亂跑!
(4)Let's stop to have a rest. 我們停下來休息一下吧。
句(1)表示停下來的目的是為了與我交談。句(2)表示停止與我講話這個動作。句(3)是停止奔跑這個動詞。句(4)表示停下來的目的為了休息一下。
9. I was busy planting trees all night long. 我整夜長久的忙于植樹。
sth doing
be busy doing sth=be busy with 忙于做某事
sth
如：She is busy reading her book. =She is busy with her book. 她忙于讀書。
all night 整夜 all day 整日 all day and all night 整日整夜
10. He wanted to be a great singer, but he became a doctor instead.
他想當(dāng)一名偉大的歌唱家，但是卻成了一名醫(yī)生。
Not before or after meals --instead of them!
不是在飯前飯后，而是用來代替三餐。
instead 和 instead of都有“代替、替代”之意。但用法不同
instead是副詞，常置句末，instead of是短語介詞，除了“代替”之意外，還可譯為“而不是”，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞。如：
This summer I won't go to Qingdao. I'll go to Dalian instead.
今年夏天我將去大連而不是青島。
用instead of, 此句為：This summer I will go to Dalian instead of Qingdao. If Mary does not feel well, take me instead. =You can take me instead of Mary if she doesn't feel well. 如果瑪麗身體不好，就帶我去吧。
從上面兩句可以看出：含instead的句子，句中的動作行為是被“采取”的即要去做的事情。含instead of 時，instead of后面的動作行為是被“舍拋”的，即不去做的事。
11. You don't take enough exercise. 你做的運動不夠。
take exercise “做運動”可作形容詞、副詞、名詞
(1)作形容詞，修飾名詞時，可放在名詞前或后面，常放在名詞前面。如：
Please take enough exercise! 請多作運動!
I have enough time to do the work.
我有足夠的時間做那件工作。
(2)作副詞。要放在被修飾的副詞和形容詞后面。如：
The child isn't old enough to go to school.
這孩子歲數(shù)不夠不能上學(xué)。
Wei Hua is tall enough to pick the apple.
魏華個子夠高了，能摘到那個蘋果
I know well enough what you mean. 我很懂你的意思。
(3)作名詞，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
I have enough to do. 我有足夠的事情干。
Enough has been said on this. 關(guān)于這個事說得夠多了。
12. You mean I'm too fat? That is a problem.
你的意思是我太胖了? 那會成為一種麻煩。
problem和question的區(qū)別
都有“問題”的意思，但所含意義有別。
problem一般與“困難”有關(guān)，指有待解決和決定的問題。
(1)Mrs. Brown's greatest problem is how to lose weight. 布朗先生最大的困難是如何減輕體重。
(2)We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow. 我們明天討論這個問題。
question一般與“疑問”有關(guān)，這種問題有待回答。
(3)Who can answer this question? 誰能回答這個問題?
(4)This is a difficult question to answer. 這是個難以回答的問題。
典型例題
【課本難題解答】
1. 據(jù)句意和首字母提示，填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~
(1)Her head hurts and she has to take some m .
解析：此題考查學(xué)生拼寫單詞。本題關(guān)鍵要考慮整句意思。此句是“她頭痛而不得不喝藥”。故應(yīng)填medicine。
(2)The doctors and n work in the hospital.
解析：本句所表達的意思是“醫(yī)生和護士，在醫(yī)院工作”根據(jù)doctors和首字母n，應(yīng)想到只有醫(yī)生和護士主要在醫(yī)院工作。并與主語doctors 在數(shù)上要一致。故應(yīng)想到填nurse。
2. 譯：我覺得身體不舒服。
錯譯：I don't feel very good.
解析：錯在認為feel 是系動詞，其后應(yīng)用形容詞good，不知道good與well有別。well常作副詞用，只在表示身體好時，才作形容詞用。本句是指身體。故應(yīng)譯為：I don't feel very well.
【閱讀分析點撥】
讀懂短文并選擇。
Tom was a little boy. He 1 four years old. One day, his mother 2 him to see his grandmother. His grand-mother's home was very far 3 them. So they went there 4 . There 5 only a few people on the bus. They all sat on 6 seats. Tom was very happy. He looked 7 the window and talked with his mother. After a while, Tom started running on the bus. He ran and ran, “ 8 are you always running? Please sit 9 . ”His mother said. “I want to see my grandmother 10 , I want the bus to move faster, ”Tom answered.
1. A. has B. is C. was D. were
2. A. takes B. took C. talked D. brought
3. A. from B. off C. to D. with
4. A. on a bus B. with a bus C. by a bus D. by bus
5. A. was B. were C. is D. had
6. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
7. A. out of B. out C. from D. at
8. A. What B. How C. Which D. Why
9. A. in B. near C. down D. up
10. A. faster B. later C. earlier D. early
分析：1. C。由A、B時態(tài)不對，D用于主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞時。
2. B。“帶某人去干某事”常用“take sb. to do sth. ”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. A。表“遠離”用“far from…”。
4. D。因by bus意為“乘公共汽車”，作方式狀語；類似的例子還有by plane; by ship; by car等。
5. B。此句a few people為主語，故用系動詞were。
6. C。主語是they，此句意為“他們都坐在座位上。”their作定語修飾seats。
7. A。“l(fā)ook out of the window”意為“從窗口往外看”，是一個固定詞組。
8. D。此句是在詢問原因，用Why最合適。
9. C。sit down為慣用詞組，意為“請坐”。
10. C。引號中有兩個句子，第二個句子最后一個單詞用了比較級faster，前一句末尾最好也用比較級，使兩句話相互照應(yīng)。全句意為：“我想早一點兒見到奶奶，我想讓車跑快一點兒。”
【關(guān)于“Unit 18 Seeing the doctor”的常見問題】
常見問題1: Unit 18 Seeing the doctor
問題：
給下列短語選擇一個正確的英譯答案
1. 準(zhǔn)備上學(xué)
A. get ready to school B. get ready for school
2. 感覺好一點
A. feel better B. feel a little better
3. 看醫(yī)生
A. see the doctor B. see a doctor
4. 呆在家里
A. stay at home B. stay at house
5. 生病
A. have ill B. be ill
6. 吃的多
A. eat many B. eat too much
7. 感到疲乏
A. feel tired B. have tired
8. 照看
A. look after B. look care
9. 順便
A. by a way B. by the way
10. 在鄉(xiāng)下
A. in a country B. in the country
解答:
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B
常見問題2: Unit 18 Seeing the doctor
問題：
Everyone knows something about the sun, the moon and the earth(地球). The moon is big, and the earth is bigger than the moon. The sun is the biggest of all. It is very hot(熱). It gives us day and night. Only some people know this fact(事實) . The sun is a star(恒星). And there are a lot of stars in the sky. Some are bigger than the sun and some are smaller than it. The sun is yellow. Many stars are yellow, too. But some stars are red. Some are orange. Some are white. Others are blue.
根據(jù)以上短文判斷，對的寫“T”，錯的寫“F”。
1. The moon is smaller than the sun.
2. The sun gives us day and the moon gives us night.
3. In fact(事實上), the sun is white.
4. The sun is the hottest of all the stars.
解答:
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F