unit 11
Language Goal
Ask for permission politely
Request politely
Ask for permission
Do the dishes. Take out the trash. Do your parents say these things to you? Of course they do. Why? Well, someone has to do it. They're chores - small everyday duties. You may get money for doing a chore, you may not. Your parents may tell you to do it, or they may not. Parents and other people don't always give commands. Sometimes they ask. How do you ask politely? In English, the word could is often used for requests. Remember when your friend invited you to her party? or the time you asked your parents if you might stay up late? If you use could, it's a nice way of asking permission. And when your mom yells "Could you make your bed?" she's asking you "politely" to do a chore. So what are chores?
Warming up
1.What chores do you do everyday?
2.How do you ask for permission to do something in your language?
3.What chores do you do sometimes?
Vocabulary and phrases
1. do the dishes 洗餐具
2. sweep the floor 打掃地板
3. take out the trash 倒垃圾
4. make the bed 鋪床
5. fold your clothes .
6. clean the living room 打掃客廳
7. stay out late 在外面呆得很晚。
8. use the car 用一下車
9. get a ride 搭車
10. work on 從事、忙于
11. have a test 有個(gè)考試
12. do chores 做家務(wù)
13. hate some chores 討厭做一些家務(wù)。
hate sweeping the floor . 討厭掃地。
14. make breakfast 做早餐。
15. do the laundry 洗衣服
16. do the shopping = go shopping 購物
do some washing = wash some clothes . 洗衣服。
do some cleaning = clean the house . 打掃衛(wèi)生。
17. borrow (money ) from sb . 從某人那兒借（錢）...
18. buy some snacks 買一些小吃
19. invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
invite sb to a party 邀請某人到晚會(huì)去。
20. I disagree with you . 我不同意你。
21. Thanks for taking care of my dog . 謝謝照顧我的狗。
22. take the dog for a walk 遛狗。
23. wash the bowl 洗碗
24. be in 在家＝be at home .
如：You weren't in yesterday . 昨天你不在家。
25. have some favors to ask you . 有一些事求你幫忙。
Would you please do me a favor .
你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？
Target Language
1. Could you please take out the trash ?
你能把垃圾倒掉嗎？
sure .
當(dāng)然可以。
2. Could I borrow the car ?
我能借你的車嗎？
Sorry , but I need it . I have to go to a meeting .
對不起，我要用它。我必須去參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。
3. I have to make the bed and do the laundry .
我不得不鋪床，洗衣服。
4. I need to eat breakfast .
我需要吃早飯。
Language points:
1. could表示請求，語氣委婉，顯得有禮貌。
eg. Could you please clean your room ?
你可以打掃你的房間嗎？
肯定回答：Yes , I can .是的，我可以。
Yes , sure / Yes , of course .
否定回答：Sorry , I can't . I have to do my homework .
對不起，我不得不做作業(yè)。
另外Would you mind doing sth .也可表示請求。
eg . Would you mind cleaning your room ?
你介意去打掃你的房間嗎？
No , I'd like to .不，我很樂意。
2. could表示請求許可，希望得到允許。
eg . Could I (please) go to the movies ?
我能去看電影嗎？
肯定回答：Yes , you can .
Yes , sure .
當(dāng)然可以。
否定回答：No , you can't .不，不行。
Now make sentences using "could"and the following phrases .
（1）go to the movies去看電影
（2）stay out late在外面呆得很晚
（3）use the car使用汽車
（4）get a ride去騎車
（5）use your computer使用你的電腦
（6）borrow some money借些錢
（7）invite my friends to a party .邀請我的朋友參加晚會(huì)
（8）go to the store去商店
（9）use your CD player使用你的CD播放器
3. could與can的區(qū)別
could與can都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，could是can的過去式。二者都可用于表示請求。但是用法稍有不同。
can表示一般性的請求，語氣隨便，常用于熟人之間或長輩對晚輩，上級對下級的場合；
eg. Can you tell us your story , Tony ?
Tony，你能給我們講講你的故事嗎？
could表示有禮貌的請求，語氣委婉，常用于非熟人之間或晚輩對長輩，下級對上級的場合。
eg. Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ?
Sure .
請告訴我們，澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？當(dāng)然可以。
4. 關(guān)于to的用法
（1）介詞to，有多種含義，to后面加名詞或代詞。
a. 向（某處），去（某地）
eg. All roads lead to Rome .
條條大路通羅馬。
Let's go to the movies .
讓我們?nèi)タ措娪鞍伞?/p>
b. 到（某時(shí)間或數(shù)量）
eg. It's ten to four by my watch .
我的表是四點(diǎn)差十分。
Don't leave things to the last moment .
不要把事情都推到最后一刻才做。
c. 向，為
eg. I'll speak to him about it .
我去和他談這件事
eg. Happy New Year !-The same to you !
彼此彼此。
d. 對
eg. He is always polite to us .
他一向?qū)ξ覀冇卸Y貌。
（2）to做為動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志，to +動(dòng)詞原形。
動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式。to可以為其標(biāo)志。也就是說，to后面如果加動(dòng)詞，或助動(dòng)詞，一定要加原形。
下面把我們學(xué)過的一些關(guān)于to的短語總結(jié)一下：
have to do sth不得不，必須做某事
need to do sth需要做某事
hate to do sth討厭做某事
like to do sth喜歡做某事
want to do sth想做某事
love to do sth熱愛做某事
forget to do sth忘記做某事
start to do sth開始做某事
begin to do sth開始做某事
ask sb to do sth請某人做某事
Ex：Fill in the blanks
1. Mom ___________（想成為）an artist when she was a girl .
2. I'm so sorry that I ___________（忘記寫）a letter to you .
3. Lucy __________（喜歡吃）healthier food .
4. Why did you _________（請Bob來唱歌）in our party ?
5. He ____________（開始學(xué)習(xí)）the accordion at the age of 4 .
6. You ____________（需要做）more exercises every day .
Keys：
1. wanted to be 2. forgot to write 3. likes to eat
4. ask Bob to sing 5. began to learn 6. need to do