科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 初三
文件 middle3 unit2.doc
標(biāo)題 The sports meeting
章節(jié) 第二單元
關(guān)鍵詞 內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
本單元以學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)（The sports meeting）為話題，主要語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)是副詞比較級(jí)，有關(guān)“祝賀（Good wishes and congratulations）”的日常交際用語(yǔ)，20多個(gè)單詞及一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定搭配，同時(shí)還復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。
（一）教學(xué)副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
StepⅠ 幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
規(guī)則變化的形容詞,如:
cheap, dear, slow, quick, clean, bright, few, thick, long, short, light, hard, cold, cool, warm, strong, tall, poor, rich, clever, old, small, high, young heavy, easy, tidy, dry, busy, happy, healthy, hungry, free, large, late, nice big, thin, hot, wet, fat delicious, dangerous, interesting, popular, beautiful, careful
不規(guī)則變化的形容詞,如:
good, well, bad, ill, many, much, far, little
StepⅡ指出副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成完全一樣,只是在副詞最高級(jí)前的定冠詞“the”可省略不寫(xiě)。然后，將學(xué)過(guò)的副詞進(jìn)行歸納練習(xí)：
規(guī)則變化的副詞：
long， near， fast， high， hard， late， early
clearly， carefully， easily， happily，quickly，slowly
不規(guī)則變化的副詞：
well， far，badly， little， much
StepⅢ將副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)應(yīng)用在句子當(dāng)中。如:
Mary writes more carefully then Kate.
She writes (the) most carefully in her class.
(二)教學(xué)有關(guān)“祝愿和祝賀”的日常交際用語(yǔ)
幫助學(xué)生回憶學(xué)過(guò)的用語(yǔ)，進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和歸納。可列出大綱中的用語(yǔ)：
Good luck！ Best wishes to you.
Have a nice/good time. Congratulations!
Happy birthday to you. Happy New Year!
Merry Christmas! The same to you.
創(chuàng)設(shè)情景，教師可以事先寫(xiě)好幾個(gè)對(duì)話，讓學(xué)生熟練日常用語(yǔ)。如：
祝愿：1)A：Are you doing anything at the sports meeting？
B：Yes. The 100-metre race and the long jump.
A: !
B: Thanks. (Key: Good luck to you)
2)A: Are you going to run the 400-metre race?
B: Yes, I am.
A: !
B: Thank you. I’ll do my best.
(Key: Wish you success/I hope you’ll do well)
3)A: Tomorrow is Saturday. Have a nice weekend.
B: . (Key: The same to you )
4)A: Today is Mothers’ Day. , Mun.
B: Thanks, dear. （Key: Best wishes to you）
5)A: I’m going to Zhongshan park with my aunt this afternoon.
B: !
A: Thanks, I will. (Key: Have a good/nice time)
祝賀: 1)A: How did you do in the relay race?
B: Our class won the first place.
A: ! ! (Key: Well done! Congratulations!)
2)A: Happy birthday to you, John!
B: Thank you. (Key: Thank you)
3)A: Happy New year to you!
B: !(Key: The same to you./Happy New year to you!)
安慰: 1)A: Did you do well in your English test?
B: No, I made quite a few mistakes. Ididn’t pass it.
A: ! I’m sorry to hear that. But don’t lose heart.
Try to do bett er next time. (Key: Bad luck!)
2)A: Did you win the race?
B: No, I was fourth.
A: .You may do much better next time.
(Key: That wasn’t bad at all)
(三)教學(xué)單詞及一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定搭配.
本單元的生詞比較多,為了讓學(xué)生能夠更好地掌握他們,可以利用書(shū)中的插圖及教學(xué)簡(jiǎn)筆畫(huà),使學(xué)生能夠生動(dòng)形象地進(jìn)行記憶、理解。在學(xué)生基本掌握了生詞之后,再讓學(xué)生將課文默寫(xiě)一遍，以便使學(xué)生掌握、了解課文的主要內(nèi)容。然后，由教師將一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配寫(xiě)在黑板上或用投影片顯示并加以講解。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
1....,but he quickly got up and went on running.可他迅速地爬起來(lái),繼續(xù)跑下去。
go on doing 意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。例：lets go on talking about the film.我們繼續(xù)談?wù)撨@部影片。 go on 后面還可以接介詞with加名詞的短語(yǔ)，也可以接不定式to do…，其區(qū)別：go on doing表示“繼續(xù)做（同一件事）”， go on to do 表示“繼續(xù)做（另一件事）”，go on with 后接名詞，表示“繼續(xù)……”，可能動(dòng)作有間斷。例：
I couldn’t finish my work, so I have to go on with it tomorrow.
我無(wú)法完成作業(yè)，所以明天得繼續(xù)做。
It is raining but the farmers go on working in the fields.
盡管在下雨，但農(nóng)民還堅(jiān)持在田里干活。
After reading Lesson One, we went on read Lesson Two.
讀完第一課后，我們又接著讀第二課。
2.Jiang Hongling was catching up fast, too, but not fast enough.
enough 1)n.充足:(數(shù)量),足夠:(量)例:
I’ve had enough. Thanks a lot.我已吃飽了,多謝.
2)adj.充分的、足夠的。置于名詞之前或名詞之后。如：
We have enough seats for everyone. 我們有足夠的座位,每人都有。
3）adv.足夠地置于形容詞、副詞后面。如：
The house is big enough for three of us to live in.
這房子給我們?nèi)齻�(gè)人住已足夠大了。
3.She did rather badly.她表現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)糟。
rather＝quite相當(dāng)
常用來(lái)修飾意義“不好”的形容詞和副詞或表示不喜歡的意義。如：
rather old 相當(dāng)舊，rather cold相當(dāng)冷。修飾名詞時(shí)，可放在冠詞前。如：rather a cold day.
4.Congratulations, Lin tao!祝賀你,林濤。
這是表示祝賀的用語(yǔ)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。可單獨(dú)使用,也可以與to搭配使用,表示向誰(shuí)祝賀。與介詞on搭配使用,表示因……而祝賀某人。如：
Congratulations to you on your good result.向你祝賀取得好成績(jī)。
5.Li Lei ran much faster than the other boys. 李雷比其他男生跑得快得多。
此句用了比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)的意義。比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)意義大致有十種結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)歸納如下:
1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+the others。如:
This story is more interesting than the others。
2）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞。如:
She jumps higher than any other girl in her class。
3）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+any of the others。 如:
He runs faster than any of the others in his class.
4）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+anyone/anything else。如:
The man spoke more slowly than anyone else in his office。
5）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+all of the others。如:
The girl is more careful than all of the others in her class。
6）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+all the others。如:
This skirt is more beautiful than all the others in the shop。
7）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+any of the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如:
He is taller than any of the other students in his class。
8）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如:
Lesson One is more difficult than the other lessons in this book.
9）No one+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+sb./sth。如:
No one can speak French better than him in this school.
10）No other+單數(shù)名詞+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than sb./sth。如:
No other river is longer than the Changjiang River in China.
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
1.選擇填空
1）Lucy won race in the school sports meeting.
A.400 metres of girls B.the girl’s 400 metre
C.the girls 400-metres D.the girs’ 400-metre
【答案】D
【分析】該句意思是“Lucy在校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)女子四百米中獲勝。”用數(shù)詞+名詞，中間連字符
連接，名詞不使用復(fù)數(shù)，通常構(gòu)成形容詞用作定語(yǔ)，類似結(jié)構(gòu)有數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞，如：a ten-year-old 一個(gè)十歲男孩。也可不用連字符號(hào)（-），但名詞要變復(fù)數(shù)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)修飾形容詞做程度狀語(yǔ)，如：The river is 50 metres wide.這條河50米寬。因此“400米比賽”有兩種表示法，即the 400-metre race和the 400metres race。另外，名詞所有格通常用于有生命：名詞后加“’s”或“’”。故此題應(yīng)該選擇D。
2)The house isn’t for the whole family to live .
A.enough big,/ B. big enough,/
C. large enough, in D. enough large, by
【答案】C
【分析】該句意思是“這房子對(duì)全家人住在里面來(lái)說(shuō)不夠大。”當(dāng)enough修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞之后。例如：you didn’t write carefully enough.你寫(xiě)得不夠細(xì)心。The rope is not long enough. It can’t reach the wall.這條繩子不夠長(zhǎng)，夠不到墻那里。該句主語(yǔ)house從邏輯上分析是live的賓語(yǔ)。但live是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此in不能省略。故此題應(yīng)選C。
3)The bell didn’t wake him up.He .
A. went on to sleep B. went on sleeping
C. goes on sleep D. went on sleep
【答案】B
【分析】首先,通過(guò)第一句一般過(guò)去時(shí)判斷出第二句的時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。go on doing“繼續(xù)做某事”，即做原來(lái)在做的那件事。該句意思是“鈴聲沒(méi)有喚醒他，他繼續(xù)睡覺(jué)（他原來(lái)就在睡覺(jué)）”。又如：
When he was in hospital, he went on writing his paper.
當(dāng)他住院時(shí)，他繼續(xù)在寫(xiě)他的論文。
關(guān)于go on 詳解請(qǐng)參看【指點(diǎn)迷津】。
4)The girls Class Three ran fast on the first lap .
A. in B. of C. from D. off
【答案】C
【分析】介詞from表示某人來(lái)自某處,可能是作為代表來(lái)的,不用of ,故選C。
5)Who did you pass the stick at the end of the second lap？
A. on B. on to C. at D.不填
【答案】B
【分析】pass…on to sb.表示“把……傳遞給……”，疑問(wèn)詞who在句中作介詞to的賓
語(yǔ)，不能丟掉。該句疑問(wèn)詞還可以用whom，即Whom did you pass the stick on to at the end of the second lap?故選B。
6)Zhang Jun was first the high jump.He jumped one metre and sixty-seven.
A.in…over B. in…up C. on…over D. at…on
【答案】A
【分析】be in ,表示“參加……項(xiàng)目”；jump over“表示跳過(guò)……高度”。故此題選A。
2.句子改寫(xiě)
1）Wang Lin runs fastest in our class.
Wang Lin runs than students in our class.
【答案】faster, the other
【分析】該句是:“王林在我們跑得最快。” 用最高級(jí)形式表達(dá)的，還可以用比較級(jí)來(lái)表示。用比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)形式共為十種，詳解參看【指點(diǎn)迷津】。根據(jù)所給條件，將符合題意的是第8種。
2）Who won the first
Who in the race?
【答案】was the first?
【分析】在比賽中獲勝的或者失利的標(biāo)志就是名次。因此,本題可以用序數(shù)詞來(lái)完成.
再如:Li Lei runs fastest in the class.
Li Lei than student in the class. (Key: faster, any other)
3）Wu Peng can’t catch up with the others.
Wu Peng the others.
【答案】fulls behind
【分析】該句意思是“吳朋不能趕上其他人。”從句意上可以找出一個(gè)短語(yǔ)“fall behind”與原句意思相當(dāng)。譯為“落后于……，落在……的后面”。同時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)第三人稱，因此加“s”。
【妙文賞析】
Mr and Mrs Smith have just opened a small restaurant. In order to attract customers(吸引顧客),they put a notice in front of the restaurant, which said “Meals on the House for Three Days.”
A foreign student who didn’t know much English happened(恰巧)to pass by the restaurant on the second day. It was lunch time and he felt very hungry. “Well, here is a restaurant. I am going to have something to eat.” He walked towards the restaurant when he saw the notice. “American people are really strange(奇怪的).They even eat dinners on the house! But how can I get up to the top of the house?” he said to himself.
He looked around and found a ladder against a tree nearby. He was very glad.But as he reached the top he heard someone shouting at him. “Hey, what are you doing up there?” Mr Smith was looking at him angrily and beside him was a policeman.
“Doesn’t your notice say ‘Meals on the Hose for Three Days’? Is it just a joke?” the foreign student answered.
On hearing this, both Mr Smith and the policeman laughed. “Do you know what ON THE HOUSE mean? Look it up in the dictionary”, the policeman suggested(建議).
【思維體操】
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
Mr Evans lives in a city. He was a maths 1 three years ago. He taught well and his students 2 him. So he decided to work in the middle school in his life. But a terrible accident 3 his fortune(命運(yùn)).
One spring he took his class to 4 a place of interest. The children saw a lot of 5 things and had a good time there. But on their way to school, their 6 was hit by a truck because the young driver was drunk(醉的). Five students 7 and more than half of the children were 8 accident. He didn’t know how it had happened and was very 9 it and after he came out of hospital, he left the school and became a 10 .He tried his best to stop the drivers from breaking the traffic regulations(違反交通規(guī)則). He worked hard and was strict with the drivers. So they were afraid of him.
One afternoon it was very hot. Mr Evans was 11 .He was standing at the crossing and watching the traffic. Suddenly he saw a 12 rushing towards the crossing. It ran so fast that it almost hit a man 13 a bike. He stopped it at once and saw a girl in it.
“ 14 your licence to me ,madam,” Said Mr Evans.
The girl landed her bag to him and said, “Please look for it in it 15 . I can’t see anything without glasses.”
1.A. worker B. teacher C. cloctor D. farmer
2.A. liked B. wished C. hilped D. answered
3.A. beat B. won C. lost D. changed
4.A. build B. break C. visit D. find
5.A. terrible B. dangerous C. safe D. interesting
6.A. bus B. train C. car D. ship
7.A. left B. lived C. died D. fell
8.A. beat B. injured(傷) C. touched D. stopped
9.A. sad about B. afraid of C. interested in D. worried about
10.A. soldier B. policeman C. bookseller D. cleaner
11.A. in the corner B. at home C. on duty D. in the office
12.A. runner B. policeman C. player D. car
13.A. riding B. selling C. buying D. making
14.A. Throw B. Show C. Lend D. Copy
15.A. you B. I C. yourself D. myself
【答案與分析】
1.從下文可知Mr Evans是教師,這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有B可與maths搭配。故選B。
2.由于Mr Evans教得好,學(xué)生才喜歡他。故選A。
3.從后面內(nèi)容可知Mr Evans當(dāng)了警察,這是因?yàn)槟谴问鹿时闼男辛恕＿@就是說(shuō)，那次
事故改變了他的命運(yùn)。故選D。
4.Mr Evans當(dāng)然是領(lǐng)學(xué)生去參觀名勝。故選C。
5.游歷名勝，所見(jiàn)到的當(dāng)然是有趣的東西。故選D。
6. 可運(yùn)載一個(gè)班的學(xué)生去旅游的定是“bus” 。故選A。
7.出了那么嚴(yán)重的交通事故，定有傷亡。故選C。
8.be injured是“受傷”，正合文意。故選B。
9.學(xué)生死傷那么多，作為教師，Mr Evans當(dāng)然很傷心。故選A。
10.從后面說(shuō)Mr Evans要盡力防止交通事故分析，他是改行當(dāng)警察了。故選B。
11.Mr Evans站在十字路口觀察車輛運(yùn)行，說(shuō)明他在值班。故選C。
12.從下文可知這里指的是汽車。故選D。
13.這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與bike搭配，但從文意來(lái)看只會(huì)是“騎”自行車的。故選A。
14.警察要那位姑娘出示駕駛證。故選B。
15.這位姑娘說(shuō)她不戴眼鏡的時(shí)候什么都看不見(jiàn)，因此讓Mr Evans自己在她的手提包里
找駕駛證。故選C。
三、智能顯示
【心中有數(shù)】
1.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：相互轉(zhuǎn)換。詳解請(qǐng)參看【指點(diǎn)迷津】。
2.英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣日期排列順序應(yīng)是：星期、月、日、年，且星期前加介詞on， 如：on Sunday，May 15th 。
3.rather修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的形容詞定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在a之前，如：
They are rather a strong team， aren’t they?
4.farther與further的區(qū)別：farther單指距離遠(yuǎn)，而further表示程度上的進(jìn)一步，用于抽象意義.如：
This small island is farther than that one.這個(gè)島比那個(gè)島遠(yuǎn)。
He decided to make a further study of the problem.他決定制定一個(gè)關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題較長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的計(jì)劃。
5.Pass…on to sb.表示“把……傳給某人”其中on是副詞,如果賓語(yǔ)為代詞,應(yīng)將代詞放在on 前面。如:
Could you pass it on to Lucy, please?請(qǐng)你把它遞給露西好嗎?
6.fast ,quickly和soon的區(qū)別:
這三個(gè)單詞的漢語(yǔ)都有“快”之意。fast側(cè)重于運(yùn)動(dòng)著動(dòng)作速度之快；quickly指動(dòng)作反映敏捷、或完成得快，具有即刻行動(dòng)，毫不耽擱之意義；soon指（時(shí)間上）不久的將來(lái)將發(fā)生某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某種情況。如：
He ran fast.他跑得很快。
He quickly got up and went on running.他迅速爬起來(lái)，繼續(xù)跑。
The show began soon after the dinne.表演在晚餐后很快就開(kāi)始了。
7．drop與fall辯析：
drop可作及物動(dòng)詞,而fall不能。表示有意或無(wú)意的“掉下”某一物體或故意“跌倒”時(shí)，用drop。如：
Bad luck! He dropped the stick!真倒霉！他掉棒了。
He was so tired that he dropped himself into the chair
他累得不行了，重重地往椅子上一坐。
drop與fall都可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“掉下”，“落下”。如：
The teapot dropped out of her hand.荼壺從他手中落下。
The book fell from the table to the floor.
那本書(shū)從桌上落到地上。
8.當(dāng)你聽(tīng)到不好的消息時(shí)對(duì)對(duì)方進(jìn)行安慰時(shí)的用語(yǔ)。如:
A: Did you do well in the exam?
B: NO, I made a lot of mistakes. I didn’t pass it.
A: I’m sorry to hear that. But don’t lose heart. Study hard and try to do better next time.
【動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手】
各級(jí)各類考題精選
1.lost my wallet on my way home.
.
A．well done B．bad done
C．Good luck D．Bad luck
【答案】D
【分析】當(dāng)聽(tīng)到不好的消息時(shí)，對(duì)對(duì)方進(jìn)行安慰。故選D。
2.Mary sings better than in her class.
A. other girls B. the other girl C. The others girl D. any other girl
【答案】D
【分析】此句譯文“瑪麗比班上其他人唱歌都好。”是用比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)。詳解請(qǐng)參看【指點(diǎn)迷津】。故選D。
3.Last Sunday Lily and I went to the Great wall. we walked on the wall.
A. with necks B. a neck with a neck
C. neck and neck D. neck with neck
【答案】C
【分析】該題譯為“上星期天,我和Lily去長(zhǎng)城,我們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)城上并肩漫步。”neck and neck是固定用法。又如: shoulder to shoulder齊心協(xié)力地，并肩地； side by side并肩地，互相支持地； hand in hand(兩個(gè)人)手牽手,共同地。故此是題選C。
4.He ran much than the other boys. At the end of the first lap, he passed the stick on to the next runner.
A. fast…fast B. quickly…quickly
C. faster…quickly D. quickly…fast
【答案】C
【分析】much用在形容詞 或副詞比較級(jí)前,表示“多”。fast和quickly都有“快地、迅速地”意思，fast指動(dòng)作速度快，多用來(lái)修飾運(yùn)動(dòng)著的事物；quickly多指時(shí)間短暫，反應(yīng)敏捷。故此題選C。
5. ,everyone!
A. Well done B. Well did C. Good done D. Good did
【答案】A
【分析】此題譯為“干得好，同志們！”“Well done ”是表示祝愿的日常用語(yǔ)。故選A。
【創(chuàng)新園地】
借助詞典閱讀下面短文,并用英語(yǔ)想一想,看你是否能找出答案。
Four friends live in a small town. Their names are :Cook, Miller, Smith and Carter. They all have different jobs. One is a policeman; one is a carpenter; one is a farmer; one is a doctor.
One day Cook’s son breaks his leg, and Cook takes him to the doctor. The doctor’s sister is Smith’s wife. The farmer isn’t married. He has a lot of good hens. Miller always buys eggs from the farmer. The policeman sees Smith every day for they’re neighours.
Now, who is the policeman? Who is the carpenter? Who is the farmer? Who is the doctor?