科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高一
文件 high1 unit7.7.doc
標(biāo)題 章節(jié) 第七單元
關(guān)鍵詞 內(nèi)容
高中英語(yǔ)第 1 冊(cè)
Unit 7 Earthquakes
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
本單元學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)地震是怎樣形成的、地震的多發(fā)區(qū)在哪些地區(qū)、人類能否預(yù)測(cè)和遏止地震。現(xiàn)在讓我們看一下 1976 年 7 月 28 日凌晨 3 點(diǎn) 42 分的中國(guó)河北省發(fā)生的 7.8 級(jí)的地震吧。
剎那間，驚雷激蕩，狂風(fēng)呼嘯，地聲嘶鳴，整個(gè)華北大地在震顫，百萬(wàn)人口的唐山市頃刻間化為一片廢墟。24 萬(wàn)人被奪去生命，16 萬(wàn)人遭受重傷，其死亡人數(shù)是日本東京1923年9月1 日的8.2 級(jí)大地震的2.4倍。造成直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失 100 億元以上。這是400 多年來(lái)世界地震史上最慘痛的一頁(yè)。
那么，地震給我們帶來(lái)了那些思考呢？
思考一：抗震、防震措施不容忽視。對(duì)新建工程進(jìn)行抗震設(shè)防；對(duì)現(xiàn)有工程進(jìn)行抗震加固；提高城鄉(xiāng)綜合抗震能力；加強(qiáng)抗震防災(zāi)科研及人才培訓(xùn)；建立防災(zāi)減災(zāi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)式管理體制。實(shí)現(xiàn)防、抗、救一體化。
思考二：地震的預(yù)測(cè)學(xué)有待提高。地震的預(yù)測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確程度在某種意義上關(guān)系著人們的生死命運(yùn)。目前，美國(guó)科學(xué)家正試驗(yàn)用電或磁的手段來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)地震，并收到一定的效果。
思考三：人人需要接受安全教育。人人做到既不杞人憂天，又不放松警惕，以科學(xué)的方法學(xué)會(huì)在緊急狀態(tài)下自救的本領(lǐng)。
思考四：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，靠近板塊邊界地區(qū)的大地震重復(fù)周期要比板塊內(nèi)部為短。因?yàn)樽鳛閹r石圈內(nèi)構(gòu)造變形的最主要的力源是板塊之間的作用力，是從板塊邊界向板塊內(nèi)部逐漸減弱的。
因此，通過(guò)了解了地震的破壞性之后，同學(xué)們會(huì)更加發(fā)奮學(xué)習(xí)，立志將來(lái)獻(xiàn)身于偉大的科學(xué)研究事業(yè)。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
A. 大綱規(guī)定的單元日常核心交際用語(yǔ)指南
Asking About the things (問(wèn)事)
1、Idiomatic Sentences 功能套語(yǔ) 30 句
1) Were you in the village at the time of the earthquake ? 地震時(shí)你在村子里嗎 ？
2) What's the weather like ? 天氣怎么樣 ？（用于詢問(wèn)天氣、人的外貌、人的品德、人的技能等）
3) What happened next ? 接著發(fā)生了什么 ？
4) What do you think of … ? = How do you like … ? = How do you find … ? 你覺(jué)得 …… 怎么樣 ？(用于詢問(wèn)對(duì)人或事物的喜歡程度)
5) Are you afraid ? 你害怕嗎 ？
6) How are things there ? 那里情況怎么樣 ？
7) What is it about ? 這是關(guān)于什么的 ？
8) That's very strange / very interesting / very good / boring / very dull / very valuable / very cheap 。
9) It sounds like thunder and storm . 聽(tīng)起來(lái)像電閃雷鳴。
10) Sure I was . I'll never forget that . 當(dāng)然是的。我終身難忘當(dāng)時(shí)的一幕幕情景。
11) Do you remember to phone him ? 你記住給他打電話了嗎 ？
12) You did remember giving him the message , didn't you ? 你記得已經(jīng)把信兒帶給他了，是吧 ？
13) You haven't forgotten , have you ? 你沒(méi)有忘記，是吧 ？
14) I wonder if you remember my asking for the information . 不知道你是否記得我曾打聽(tīng)過(guò)這方面的情況。
15) Do you by any chance remember his telephone number ? 你是不是還記得他的電話號(hào)碼 ？
16) I remember she wore a green hat that day .
17) As far as I remember , he was born in Canada . 就我所記得， 他生于加拿大。
18) I remember quite clearly / vividly the first day at university . 我還請(qǐng)清楚楚地記得上大學(xué)的第一天的情景。
19) I'll always remember the time I visited London . = I will never forget the time I visited London . 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了在倫敦訪問(wèn)的時(shí)光。
20) That reminds me of the time I studied at Beijing University . 這使我想起我在北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)光。
21) As I remember = If I remember it correctly , we sent the package on the 20th . 如果我沒(méi)有記錯(cuò)的話，我們 20 日就把包裹發(fā)出了。
22) I shall always remember your help .
23) Sorry , I forgot to lock the door .
24) I'm afraid I forgot where I put the letter .
25) I can't remember anything about it . 這件時(shí)我一點(diǎn)也記不得了。
26) I seem / appear to have forgotten her address . 我似乎忘記了他的地址了。
27) It's funny but all I can remember about her is her fair hair . 奇怪，我只記得她的金色頭發(fā)。
28) Will you be able to come to the party ? 你能來(lái)參加聚會(huì)嗎 ？
29) Is it possible that he will drop in on us this afternoon ? 他會(huì)不會(huì)今天下午到我們這里來(lái)。
30) It looks as if it might rain later . 看上去好像一會(huì)要下雨。
2、 Model Dialogue 交際示范
A
A：Did you listen to the talk last night ?
B：Yes , I did .
A：What was it about ?
B：It was about how to learn English .
A：How did you find the talk ?
B：Very good . It's very useful for us and was the best talk I ever heard . I'll never forget it .
B
A：Oh . Tim ! What happened to you ?
B：It isn't anything serious .
A：It's serious enough for you to be in the hospital .
B：Just a little too much smoke . I'll be back home this evening .
A：How did this happen ?
B：I had to go into a house that was on fire . There was someone in it .
A：Did you get him out ?
B：Yes , I got her out . It was a girl .
A：But there was a lot of smoke .
B：Yes , a lot . I had some trouble breathing .
A：What happened next ?
B：They sent me here just for the doctors to take a look at me .
A：It sounds frightening (令人害怕的) . I hope you'll be all right soon .
B：Thank you .
B. 單元重點(diǎn)新詞透視
1. quake v. & n. 震動(dòng)；顫抖，發(fā)抖。( earthquake 地震 )
At the sight of blood , she stood there , quaking with fear . 一看到血，她就站在那里，嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。
The man is quaking with cold . 那個(gè)人凍得直發(fā)抖。
There was a big earthquake in the Northwest of China yesterday . 昨天中國(guó)的西北地區(qū)發(fā)生了地震。
測(cè)試要點(diǎn)：quake with 因……而發(fā)抖。這里的with 有時(shí)也用 for 代替。
The little girl quaked with fear at the thought of the accident. 小女孩一想到那次事故的事就怕得發(fā)抖。
2. shake (shook , shaken) vt. & vi. 搖動(dòng)，震動(dòng)，抖動(dòng)
Shake the bottle before taking the medicine every time . 每次服用這種藥之前都要先搖動(dòng)一下瓶子。
shake one's head over / at sth 對(duì)……搖頭
Nothing can shake our determination . 什么也動(dòng)搖不了我們的決心。
測(cè)試要點(diǎn)：
(1) 注意該詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的表達(dá)。
The earthquake shook the building . 地震使樓震動(dòng)。
He shook leaves from the tree . 他把葉子從樹上搖了下來(lái)。
To be shaken before taking . (藥瓶標(biāo)簽用語(yǔ)) 服前搖勻。
(2) 常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中。They were much shaken at / with / by the news . 聽(tīng)到那條消息，他們大為震驚。
shake hands with each other = shake each other's hands = shake each other by the hand 相互握手
Chairman Jiang shook hands with that famous scientist .
(3) 辨析：shake , quake , tremble
shake 表示短促而迅速地上下往來(lái)?yè)u動(dòng)之意。
quake 常含猛烈搖動(dòng)之意。
tremble 尤指身體因恐懼或汗冷，輕微快速不由自主地顫抖。
His father , who is 90 , says in a trembling voice . 他九十高齡的父親用顫抖的聲音說(shuō)著。
His felt the ground shaking .
His hands shook constantly .
His voice trembled with excitement .
3. while n. (只用單數(shù)) 一會(huì)兒；一段時(shí)間
after a while 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒。a short / little while ago = just now 剛才
測(cè)試要點(diǎn)：
(1) 當(dāng)該詞與介詞 for 搭配時(shí)，for 常可以省略不用。
rest for a while 休息一會(huì)兒。
Just wait for a while and then I will help you . 等一下，我會(huì)來(lái)幫助你的。
(2) 作連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；和……同時(shí)”。
Somebody broke in while I were out . （注意本句中的 were 不能用 went 。因?yàn)?while 后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是延續(xù)性的）
Strike while the iron is hot . (諺語(yǔ)) 趁熱打鐵。
While I was reading , I fell asleep . 我一面讀書，一面就睡著了。
My son kept silent while I was doing some sewing . 我做針線活時(shí)，我兒子就在一邊默不作聲。
(3) 作連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。“= though , although 雖然；盡管”。
While she is a top student , , she has some shortcomings . 盡管是個(gè)優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，她也有缺點(diǎn)。
While I understand what you say , I can't agree with you . 雖然我理解你的話，但是我不能同意你。
(4) 作連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 = as / so long as ， “只要”。
There will be life while there is water and air . 只要有水和空氣，就會(huì)有生命。
While there is life there is hope . 只要有生命就有希望。
(5) 作連詞表達(dá)對(duì)比 = but ，“而；然而”。
He is a worker while I am a doctor .
Their country has plenty of oil , while yours has none . 他們的國(guó)家有豐富石油，然而你們的國(guó)家連一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有。
Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue .
(6) 固定詞組：all the while 始終；一直。at whiles 間或；有時(shí)。between whiles 時(shí)常。once in a while 偶爾。間或。for a while 暫時(shí)；一會(huì)兒。be worth (sb's) while + doing / to do 值得（某人）花費(fèi)時(shí)間或精力。
It is worth while seeing the film a second time . = It is worth while to see the film a second time . 再看一次這部電影也值得。
4. sound vi. vt. n. 發(fā)出聲音；聽(tīng)起來(lái)；聲音
The “s”in “island”is not sounded . “island”這個(gè)詞里的“s”不發(fā)音。
The bell sounded at 7 o'clock for breakfast . 七點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)，早飯鈴響了。
His voice sounds as if he had a cold . 他的聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像他感冒了似的。
測(cè)試要點(diǎn)：
(1) 該詞作系動(dòng)詞用后面跟形容詞，不要跟副詞。
The price sounds reasonable . 那價(jià)格聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理。
That explanation sounds all right . 那種解釋聽(tīng)起來(lái)是對(duì)的。
How sweet the music sounds ! 這音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)真悅耳 ！
He sounded frightened . 從他說(shuō)話的聲音可以聽(tīng)出他嚇壞了。
It didn't sound like a child of eight talking . 那聽(tīng)起來(lái)不像是個(gè)十八歲孩子在講話。
You sounded as if you were on their side .聽(tīng)起來(lái)你似乎站在他們那一邊。
It sounds like the singing of birds . 聽(tīng)起來(lái)像小鳥歡唱。
(2) sound 作形容詞是“健康的；健全的；完好的”。
They are children of sound mind and body . 他們是身體健康的孩子。
He fell into a sound sleep . = He was sound asleep . 他熟睡了。
(3) 辨析作名詞“聲音”的：sound , noise , voice
sound 表示能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)的任何聲音，她不強(qiáng)調(diào)音響的強(qiáng)弱、是否悅耳、是否清晰、有無(wú)意義。因此它不含任何褒貶色彩。
We heard strange sounds in the distance .
Sounds carry well in this hall .
the sounds of breaking plates
noise 通常是指大而令人不快的“噪音”，嘈雜聲，喧囂聲等。
The noise of traffic kept him awake all the night . 車馬行人的喧囂聲攪得他通宵不能入睡。
There is so much noise in this restaurant that I can hardly hear you talking .
Please don't make so much noise ! 請(qǐng)勿大聲喧嘩 ！
voice 專指人的聲音，如說(shuō)話、唱歌、笑時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音，偶爾也指禽、蟲鳴承德聲音。
We heard the sound of voices .
I recognized his voice on the phone . 在電話上我辨別出了他聲音。
Out from the forest came the voice of the cuckoo . 從樹林里傳來(lái)了杜鵑的叫聲。
5. point n. 點(diǎn)。vt. vi. 弄尖；指向；把……對(duì)準(zhǔn)；文章的要點(diǎn)；分?jǐn)?shù)
Your had better point your pencil with this knife .你最好用這把刀子把你的鉛筆削一下。
My teacher always points out and corrects my mistakes whenever I hand in my composition . 每次交的作文，老師總是給我指出錯(cuò)處并加以改正。
We won by five points . 我們以 5 分之差取勝。（即我們贏了 5 分）
This is the point of the article . 這就是本文的要點(diǎn)。
Read 4.7 as “four point seven”. 讀4. 7為“四點(diǎn)七”。
In this examination he got 87 points . 此次考試他得了 87 分。
測(cè)試要點(diǎn)：
(1) 固定搭配：point out 指出。point to 指向。point at 對(duì)準(zhǔn)……。
The building points to the east . = The building faces to the east . 這座大樓面朝東。
She pointed her gun at a deer .
(2) There is no point + doing 干……沒(méi)有用或者意義。
There is no point / good / use quarrelling with them about the rules . 給他們爭(zhēng)吵規(guī)章制度是沒(méi)有用的。
6. movement n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)；活動(dòng)
He lay there without any movement . 他躺在那里一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)。
測(cè)試要點(diǎn)：
(1) 作不可數(shù)名詞是“運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)，動(dòng)靜，移動(dòng)”，側(cè)重其行動(dòng)過(guò)程，尤其是地點(diǎn)、位置、姿勢(shì)的變化。
Scientists are studying the movement of planets . 科學(xué)家在研究行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
(2) 作可數(shù)名詞是“動(dòng)作，舉止”。
His movements are getting slower and slower . 他的行動(dòng)越來(lái)越遲緩了。
The police are paying much attention to his recent movements . 警察正密切關(guān)注他近來(lái)的行蹤。
7. line n . 繩，索，線，生產(chǎn)線，電線，邊線，行列。
They have opened a new bus line . 他們開設(shè)了一條新汽車線。
There is a line of chairs in front of the classroom . 教室的前面有一排椅子。
測(cè)試要點(diǎn)：
固定搭配：be line with 符合；和……一致；排列
His actions were not line with his beliefs . 他的行動(dòng)和他的信仰不一致。
The road leading to our village is lined with trees . 通向我們村莊的路兩旁長(zhǎng)著樹。
in line 一排，一行，成一直線，整齊。
Boys and girls , please stand in (a) line as quickly as possible . 同學(xué)們，請(qǐng)盡快站成一行。
line up 排隊(duì)，排成一行
We lined up to buy tickets . 我們排隊(duì)買票。
Please wait in a straight line to get on the train .
every other line 每隔一行。
My son , you should write every other line .
drop sb a few lines 寫短信
C. 單元重點(diǎn)詞組掃瞄
1. fall off 跌落，掉下
Look ! The girl fell off her bike . 瞧 ！ 那女孩從自行車上掉了下來(lái)。
The house shook and a few pictures fell off the wall . 房子在晃動(dòng)，墻上有幾幅畫震落了下來(lái)。
The bridge there is too narrow . People may fall off .
橋太窄，人會(huì)掉下去的。
測(cè)試要點(diǎn)：能基本應(yīng)用 fall off （從……落下）, fall over（向前跌去）, fall down (倒塌), fall out（跌出