科目 英語
年級 高一
文件 high1 unit6.6.doc
標(biāo)題
章節(jié) 第六單元
關(guān)鍵詞 內(nèi)容
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
⒈ 語言運(yùn)用：
運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言，學(xué)習(xí)用英文寫通知的形式，完成教科書和練習(xí)冊中規(guī)定的聽、說、寫的任務(wù)。閱讀課文“Ａnew factory”，確切理解，完成有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容的練習(xí)，并練習(xí)用英文寫通知。
⒉ 語法：
復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時的被動語態(tài)，并學(xué)習(xí)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。
⒊ 日常交際用語：
How long have you had …?
I say, let's …
We'll meet …
Don't be late.
二 、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)分析
⒈How long have you had it ?
How long指行為或狀態(tài)待續(xù)多久，常與延續(xù)性動詞連用；How soon則為“多久以后，要多長時間才能完成，常用將來時”；How far指“多遠(yuǎn)”，與移動性動詞連用。而與靜態(tài)動詞連用，則用How far away提問；How often“多長時間一次”，對表示頻率的時間狀語提問，例如：always, often, usually, every other day, once a week等，例：
①How soon will you finish this job ? 你什么時候才能完成這項工作？
②How far did you go ? 你走了多遠(yuǎn)？
③How far away did you live. 你住的有多遠(yuǎn)？
④How often do you have an English class ? 你多長時間上一次英語課？
⑤How long have you been in China ? 你在中國多久了？
⒉Can I take a look at it ?
take a look at (have a look at …)看一看，瞧一瞧
由take構(gòu)成的詞組常用的有：take a rest休息一下；take a bath洗澡；talk a walk散步；take a trip旅行；take a nap小睡；take a picnic野餐。例：
①He take a look at me and said nothing. 她看了我一眼，什么也沒說。
②Don't you want to take a look at my pictures ? 你難道不想看看我的照片嗎？
⒊The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month and a new company has been started. 蓋一座新汽車工廠的建議已于上周得到同意，一家新的公司已經(jīng)開業(yè)。
agree一詞的用法
▲agree on (upon, about)在某方面或某一點(diǎn)達(dá)成協(xié)議或取得一致意見。（賓語為表示具體協(xié)議的文件計劃或行動等）如：
①We haven't agreed on the price of the computer. 就電腦的價格問題，我們還沒有達(dá)成一致。
②They agreed on that point. 他們在那一點(diǎn)上取得一致意見。
▲agree to … 表示“同意”時，后面的賓語常為下列名詞：plan, suggestion, arrangement, proposal, opinion等，如：
①I agree to the plan. 我同意這個計劃。
②She agreed to marry him. 她答案嫁給他。
▲agree with … 同意某人或某人說的話 表示“與…一致”，“適合（氣候、食物）”
①We all agree with what you say. 我們都同意你的觀點(diǎn)。
②I didn't quite agree with you. 我不大贊同你的觀點(diǎn)。
③The verb agrees with its subject in number and person. 動詞的數(shù)和人稱與其主語一致。
④This kind of food doesn't agree with me. 這種食品不合我的胃口。
⒋A new factory will be built here.
build, set up, found和put up
▲build“建立、建造、建設(shè)”，常指建大東西，如
build a road (house, ship)筑路(造房、造船)
在表示建立一個商店、企業(yè)時，也可以用start和open.
Start(open) a factory (shop, business)
▲set up“開辦”“創(chuàng)立”，常和表示組織、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等意義的詞連用，與found基本相同。
set up a school (hospital, gonernment)
▲found“興建”著重找基礎(chǔ)，用基金創(chuàng)設(shè)
found a city興建一個城市 found a theory創(chuàng)立一個學(xué)說
▲put up著重指建造或搭起一個具有高度的具體物體，在口語中與set up和build相同
put up a tent拾個帳篷
⒌A(chǔ)t least 30,000 houses will be built for the workers .
least n.最少（的東西），at(the) least至少 反義詞at(the) most
①He is at least as old as you. 他至少和你一樣大。
②I have at most 10 days holiday. 我的假最多10天。
⒍The cars will be supplied to people all over the country.
supply n. 供應(yīng)品 (supplies) v. 供應(yīng)，提供
▲supply sth. to sb. / supply sb. with sth.
①Books supply us with knowledge.
Books supply knowledge to us. 書本為我們提供知識
②The government will supply the need for more houses.
政府將滿足人們對于房屋的需要。
▲a great supply of大量的，be in shont supply缺乏，供應(yīng)不足
①They cut off all medical supplies. 他們切斷了所有的醫(yī)藥供給。
②Next week, we'll be receiving a great supply of food.
下周，我們將收到大量的食物。
⒎spend, cost, take, pay, for, buy … for …
▲spend … on sth. / spend … (in) doing sth. 主語一般是人，表示花錢和時間
①She spent much of her money on clothes.
她在衣服上花了很多錢。
②He spent his spare time (in) helping the poor.
他利用業(yè)余時間幫助窮人。
▲cost (cost, cost) 無被動語態(tài)，只能用事物的名詞或代詞作主語，不能用人作主語，表示花費(fèi)金錢、時間、勞力等。
①How must did the dictionary cost you ? 這本字典多少錢？
②The work cost them much labour. 這件工作花費(fèi)了他們很大的勞動。
▲take主要指花時間而言。It take sb. Some time to do sth.
①It took me three hours to draw this picture. 畫這幅花用了我三個小時。
②How long does it take you to go to school by bike ?
騎車上學(xué)，你用多長時間？
▲pay … for … 付錢買，主語必須是人。
①He paid ten dollars for the T-shirt. 他花了10美元買這件T恤。
②How much did you pay the doctor ? 你付給醫(yī)生多少診費(fèi)？
▲buy … for買東西用多少錢
①She bough three jeans for 180 yuan. 她用180元買了3條牛仔褲。
⒏There are plenty of offices, factories …
plenty of大量的，可接可數(shù)名詞，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，但只限用于肯定句中，相應(yīng)的疑問句和否定句分別用enough / many, much等，如：
①I have plenty of books to read on holidays. 我有大量的書在假期里讀。
②─Have you enough money for the tickets ? 你們有足夠的錢買票嗎？
─Yes, we have plenty. 足夠了
⒐Not all the parts of the car will be made in the factory. 不是所有的汽車部件都在這家工廠制造。
=some parts of the car will be made in the factory, but some not.
當(dāng)not與all, both, every, everyone, everything, always等詞連用時，表示部分否定“并非都…”
而和no, none, no one, nobody連用時表示全部否定，例如：
①Not everyone likes this book. 并不是每個人都喜歡這本書。
②Not all birds will fly to the south in winter. 在冬季，不是所有的鳥都飛向南方。
③Both of his parents are not teachers. (One of his parents is a teacher, the other one is not.)
④None of them agree with me. 他們都不同意我的觀點(diǎn)。
⑤No words can express my thanks to you. 任何語言都不能表達(dá)我對您的謝意。
三 、學(xué)寫通知
書面通知又稱通知或布告(notice)，是上級對下級，組織對成員部署工作、傳達(dá)事情，召開會議所使用的一種文體，通告一般張貼在布告牌上，或顯眼的地方，通告正文上方的正中位置NOTICE（每個字母都大寫），右下角寫出通知的單位（也可寫在NOTICE的正上方），日期一般寫在左下角，單位和日期也可以省略，通知不寫稱呼，也沒有結(jié)束語，但在正文里，首先應(yīng)提到被通知的對象，通知的內(nèi)容包括對象、事由、時間、地點(diǎn)等，語言應(yīng)簡潔明了，條理清晰，要求明確，特別是時間概念很重要，要寫得十分明確。
下面是一個通知的例子：
NOTICE
Students of Grades 1 and 2 will go for an autumn outing on Wednesday, October 25th. Well go to the Great Wall first in the morning and then have lunch there. In the afternoon We'll go to visit the Ming Tombs.
Please bring your lunch and drinks. Wear your sports shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. And bring more clothes, because it is cooler on the Great Wall than here. We'll meet at the school gate at 7:00 on Wednesday morning. Please don't be late.
四 、被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)（部分）
時態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 例句
一般
現(xiàn)在時 助動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(am/is,are)+動詞的過去分詞 I'm often asked to answer such a question.
Our classroom is cleaned every week.
一般
過去時 助動詞be的過去時(was/were)+動詞的過去分詞 Nobody was allowed to enter the building.
We were given some gifts.
一般
將來時 助動詞be的將來時(will/shall be)+動詞的過去分詞 Xiao Hong will be looked ofter by Mrs Li.
A new hospital will be built here.
五 、典型例題
⒈As we known, knowledge begins _____ practice.
A. with B. from C. through D. by
⒉They're made up their minds to ______ a basketball team _____ .
A. put up, of their own B. build up, of their own one
C. set up, of their own D. made up, of their own
⒊The dictionauy is useful to those who are learning spanish as _____ foneign language.
A. the second B. second C. a second D. his second
⒋The whole morning _____ the windows and the floors tomorrow.
A. shall be spent to wash B. is going to take to wash
C. will spend in washing D. will be spent washing
⒌ ______ we've heard!
A. How good news B. What a good news
C. How a good news D. What good news
⒍The number of tractors made in factory each year ______ five thousand.
A. has grown B. have grown C. was grown D. have grown to
⒎ ─Do you have _____ time to do the work ?
─No, I don't have _____ time.
A. enough, much B. plenty of, much
C. enough, plenty of D. many, any
⒏The factory ____ us _____ some parts of the car.
A. supplies … to B. supplies … for
C. supplies … of D. supplies … with
⒐The naughty boy doesn't _____ much time _____ his homework.
A. spend, on B. take, on C. pay, for D. cost, to
⒑We couldn't eat in a hotel because _____ of us had _____ money on us.
A. all, no B. any, no C. none, any D. no one, any
⒒How long have you _____ this motorbike ?
A. had B. bought C. got D. borrowed
⒓He told me he would not _____for New York until the end of next week.
A. begin B. be going C. be left D. start
⒔Mary had an accident ______ a December afternoon when the road was very icy.
A. in B. at C. on D. during
⒕I don't know _____ she will be here. We've been waiting for long.
A. how often B. how long C. how far D. how soon
⒖Are these machines made ______ Japan ?
A. in B. of C. from D. into
答案及解析
1─5 ACCDD 6─10 AADAC 11-15 ADCDA
⒈begin with以…開始 正如大家所知的那樣，知識來源于實踐的。
⒉ 他們下決心組織一個自己的球隊。
⒊the second是特指第二個，隱含條件只有一個且只能有這一個。
a second 是泛指第二個，可以是任何一個被放在第二位的人或物。
這本字典對于那些把西班牙語作為第二外語的人都很有用。
⒌news是不可數(shù)名詞，一條消息應(yīng)用a piece of news
⒍The number of表示“…的數(shù)目”用單數(shù)謂語動詞
⒎ 見前講解8
⒑No one和none都表示一個都沒有，但no one只指人不表物，后面不能接of，none既可表人又可表物，通常和of連用。
⒒ 完成時要與連續(xù)動詞連用
⒓start還有“出發(fā)、動身”的意思，再如：
At last the train started.
⒔ 有定語修飾時morning, afternoon, evening前用介詞on
⒕ 我不知道他什么時候才能到這兒，我們已經(jīng)等了很多時間了。
⒖be made in +place由哪制造