科目 英語
年級 高一
文件 high1 unit5.doc
標(biāo)題 Why do you do that ?
章節(jié) 第五單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、 目地與要求：
掌握本單元出現(xiàn)的單詞和詞組。如：feed, fact, free, fetch, so that, grow up , in fact, be made from, in the past, in order to , wash away, break the rule, stop sb from doing, be covered with, so as to do…；
二、本單元知識重點與難點分析：
1.I'll keep the box in the shade so that the sun doesn't burn the little plants 我會把這個盒子放在陰涼地方，這樣太陽就不會把幼苗曬枯。
本句中的so that 作“以便，為了，使能夠”解，引導(dǎo)目地狀語從句。
例如：He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
他起床很早以便趕上頭班車。
Please speak louder so that everyone can hear you.
請再大聲點說，以便大家都能聽到你說的話。
I'll put some powder on the soil so that the little plants will grow better.
我會在土上加一些肥粉，以便使幼苗長的更好。
So that也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，主句和從句是原因與結(jié)果的關(guān)系，作“因此”解，
例如：He often told lies, so that no one believed him.
他常常說謊，因此沒有人相信他的話。
He turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the important news.
他把收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)大了，結(jié)果大家都聽到這條重要新聞了。
He got up early this morning, so that he caught the first bus.
今天早上他起的很早，因此趕上了頭班車。
注意：so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，常用情態(tài)動詞can, could ,may ,might , will , would和should。而在結(jié)果狀語從句中，一般不用may, might, should等情態(tài)動詞，so that前通常有逗號。
2.Then I'll water them to stop the soil getting too dry.
然后，我將給這些幼苗澆水，以免土壤變得太干燥。
本句中stop sth/sb(from) doing sth 作“阻止……做某事”解。句中的“from”在口語中常可省略。類似的詞組有“prevent sth/sb(from) doing sth/,“keep sb/sth from doing sth”.意思都是阻止某人做某事。但用keep sb from doing sth時不能省略from.例如：
The heavy rain stopped me (form) coming to attend the meeting yesterday.
昨天那場大雨使我沒能來參加那個會議。
How can me stop the sun(from) burning the plants?
我們怎樣才能使這些植物不被曬枯呢?
They did what they could to stop the soil from being washed away by water.
他們做了最大的努力，防止土壤被大水沖走。
You must prevent her (from) telling the truth.
你一定要阻止她說話出事實真相。
No one can keep the wheel of history going forward.
沒有人能阻止歷史的車輪前進(jìn)。
3.Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens?
你是必須像喂小雞那樣養(yǎng)育植物嗎?
1)feed (fed, fed) vt.(give food to)喂，飼養(yǎng)。例如：
Have the pigs been fed yet?這些豬已經(jīng)喂過了嗎?
What do you feed your dog on? I feed my dog on meat .(=I feed meat to my dog.)
代用什么食物喂你的狗? 我用肉喂我那條狗。
feed…on sth=feed sth to…意思都是“用…來喂養(yǎng)…”但feed on sth的意思是“以…為食”。例如：Cattle feed chiefly on grass.牛主要以草為食。
2)…like you feed chickens.
本句中的like是連詞，作“像，同…一樣”解，這種用法是一種非正式的美國英語，在正式文體中，還是用“as”為好。
例如：Nobody loves you as/like I do, child.孩子，誰也沒有像我這樣疼愛你。
She can抰 cook well as her mother does.她烹妊的技術(shù)不像她母親那樣好。
4.Or do they grow up by themselves ?還是靠他們自己來生長?
(all) by oneself=alone=on one's own.意思是“獨自地，”例如：
He dare not go out at night(all) by himself.晚上，他不敢單獨一人出去。
You must finish this experiment (all) by yourself.你必須獨自地完成這個試驗。
No one can finish this task on his own.沒有人能獨自一人完成這項任務(wù)。
5.It will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.
它(肥粉)能使白菜秧長得又大又壯。
make sb/sth do sth使…做某事。make后跟不帶to的不定式，作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：
The boss made them work for him without pay.老板迫使他們無償為他工作。
They made me repeat the story.他們要我重新敘述了一遍那個故事。
上述例句如果改用被動語態(tài)來敘述，則不定式的符號to不能省略。例如：
They were made to work for him without pay.他們被迫為他無償?shù)貏趧印?/p>
I was made to repeat the story.我被迫又重新敘述了一遍那個故事。
另：have sb do sth=get sb to do sth=let sb do sth都是“讓某人做某事”的意思，沒有make sb do sth的語氣那樣強(qiáng)烈。
6.Like me! 這是承上文來的一種省略的表達(dá)。意思是It will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong like me!它(肥粉)將使白菜秧長得像這樣粗壯。
Like 在句中是介詞，作“像…一樣”解。后面跟名詞或代詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語，例如：
I want to be a teacher like my father when I grow up.
長大后，我想像我父親一樣作一名教師。
Don't talk to me like that!不要那樣對我講話。
We got on well with each other like old friends.我們之間相處融洽，就像老朋友一樣。
7.What has changed in the past few years？.在過去的幾年里發(fā)生了什么事?
in the past/last few years意思是“在過去的幾年里”，句中時態(tài)通常用現(xiàn)在完成時。
例如：Great changes have taken place in China in the last ten years.
在過去的十年里(近十年來)，中國發(fā)生了很大的變化。
The students have already read about twenty English novels in the past three years.パ生們近三年來已經(jīng)讀了大約有二十本英文小說了。
注意：a few 幾個，一些(表肯定)，few沒幾個(表否定)，但在句中的 the past few years的few之前，不能加a。不能說in the past a few years.這是一個固定搭配用法，在few前有past ,last , every等詞時，few前就不能有a.例如：He went to see his father in the hospital every few days.每隔幾天，他就到醫(yī)院去看望他父親一次。
8.A few of them can be cut each year for firewood. The rest are left to grow even taller.每年可以砍掉一些小樹當(dāng)柴火，其余的就留下來，讓它們長得更高大。
1)a few of them相當(dāng)于some of them，意思是“在…中有一些(人或物)”，表示肯定的意思。而few of them相當(dāng)于almost none of them意思是“在……中沒有幾個(人或物)”，表示否定的意思。后面都跟復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，例如：
I know a few of these people.這些人當(dāng)中我認(rèn)識幾位。
I know few of these people.這些人當(dāng)中沒幾個我認(rèn)識的。
I met a few of my old friends there.我在那見到了幾位老朋友。
I met few of my old friends there.我在那里沒有見到幾個老朋友。
the rest意思是“其余的；其它的”當(dāng)它作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)視情況而定；它代替的是不可數(shù)名詞要用動詞單數(shù)形式，如代替的是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則應(yīng)用動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
I will take two and the rest are yours.我拿這兩個，剩下的都是你的。
Take what you want and throw the rest away.把你所要的拿去，其余的切掉。
Pour me a glass of water and the rest is yours.給我倒一杯水，剩下的是你的。
About one third of the students in our class are from Beijing and the rest are from Shanghai and Tienjing.我們班大約三分之一的學(xué)生是北京人，其余的來自于上海和天津。9.People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.村民們?yōu)榱丝巢褚吆芏喙锏穆烦獭?/p>
fetch的意思是“去取來”，“去把…拿來”，(go for and bring back sb/sth)接來(人)，取來(物)，
例如：Will you please fetch me a cup of tea?請你給我拿杯茶來好嗎?You'd better fetch a doctor at once.你最好立刻去請一位醫(yī)生來。Please fetch the children from school.請到學(xué)校去把孩子們接來。
Shall I fetch you your hat from the next room？要我去隔壁房間把你的帽子拿來嗎?
注意bring, take, carry和fetch的不同含義。bring是“帶來”；take是“拿去”、“帶去”；carry是“攜帶”，既可是“帶去”，也可是“帶來”，沒有方向性；fetch是“去拿來”，包含一去一來的意思。表示既去取又拿回的兩上動作。例如：Please bring your dictionary here next time when you come to school.
請你下次來上學(xué)時，把字典帶來。
Remember to take your school bag with you when you go to school.
記住去上學(xué)時，帶著你的書包。
She never carries any money on her.她身上從不帶錢。
Please fetch me some chalk from my office.請去辦公室給我拿幾支粉筆來。
10.Trees were cut but none were planted.(過去)只砍樹不植樹。
none是代詞，作“一個也沒有，沒有一個”解。可以指人也可指物，作主語代替可數(shù)名詞時；謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果none代替不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。例如：
None of them has(have) come back yet.他們當(dāng)中還沒有一個人回來。
None of this money is yours.這筆錢沒有一點是你的。
I want to drink some water, but there is none in the house.
我想要喝一點點水，但家里一點兒也沒有。
None of the answers is (are) correct.這些答案中沒有一個是正確的。
11.The villagers did not allow them to do this.村民們沒有允許他們這樣做。allow sb to do sth允許某人做某事。
We do not allow people to smoke in the bus.我們不允許人們在公共汽車?yán)锍闊煛?/p>
Those books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.
這些書是不允許從閱覽室里拿走的。
Please allow me to introduce myself to you .充允許我向你們大家做一自我介紹。
12.They began to understand how important the forest is.他們開始懂得森林是多么地重要。
begin to do 也可用begin doing,都是開始做某事的意思。例如：
They began to work as soon as they got there.他們一到了那里就開始工作了。
They began working as soon as they got there.(同上句意思一樣)
但在以下三種情況下，begin 的后面通常只用to do sth ，而不用doing sth.
1 表示思維、意識活動；
2 表示自然現(xiàn)象；
3 begin用進(jìn)行時態(tài)時。例如：
Only them did I begin to realize that I was wrong.只是在那時我才意識到我錯了。(此句表思維意識活動)
We were about to leave when it began to rain.我們正要動身，這時天開始下起雨來。(自然現(xiàn)象)
When I got to the classroom, professor Wang was beginning to teach the lesson.
當(dāng)我到了教室的時候，王教授就要開始上課了。
13.Today there is a forest programme in 70villages in this area. Meetings are held in order to explain the programme to the villagers.目前這個地區(qū)的70個村莊有一項造林計劃，他們開會向村民們宣講這個計劃。
1)programmer也可拼作program，意思是“計劃，節(jié)目，程序”等。例如：
There is an interesting programme on television tonight.今晚有一個很好看的電視節(jié)目。
What is the programme for tomorrow?明天計劃做什么?
2)explain sth to sb 向某人解釋某事。
Please explain to me the meaning of the poem .請給我解釋一下這首詩的意思。
The teacher explained the rule to the students.老師向?qū)W生解釋了這條規(guī)則。
14.It is operated by the women of the area .這個計劃是由這地區(qū)的婦女來完成。
operate可用作及物動詞或不及物動詞，作“運轉(zhuǎn)、操作、經(jīng)營、動手術(shù)”解，例如：
This machine doesn't operate well.這臺機(jī)器運轉(zhuǎn)不好。
Do you know how to operate the machine?你知道怎樣操作這臺機(jī)器嗎?
The doctors decided to operate on the child at once.
醫(yī)生們決定立刻給這個小孩做手術(shù)。(operate on sb為某人做手術(shù))
15.Twice a year, large teams of women plant thousands of trees.
每年有兩次，大批大批的婦女栽種成千上萬株樹。
每年一次once a year(不說one time a year)
每年二次twice a year(不說two times a year)
每年三次three times a year(三次以上用times)
還可以用day, week, month等詞替換year, 如once a day一天一次，twice a week一周二次，three times a month每月三次。
17.They also make sure the cows do not knock them down or eat the leaves.
他們(婦女們)還要確保牛群不會撞倒小樹，或吃掉樹葉。
knock down意思是“撞倒，打倒”，例如：
The taxt knocked the little boy down.出租車把小男孩撞倒了。
He was knocked down by a truck.他被一輛大卡車撞倒了。
He knocked his opponent down.他將他的對手擊倒。
18.Anybody who breaks the rule is punished.誰破壞了這個規(guī)則，誰就受到懲罰。
1)rule n.(what one must, or must not do in a game, at school, at work,etc.)
作“規(guī)則，規(guī)定，條例”解 例如：
break a rule破壞規(guī)則 carry out a rule.執(zhí)行規(guī)則
work out a rule 制定規(guī)則 keep the rule 遵守規(guī)則
obey the rule 遵守規(guī)則
2)punish v.懲罰、處罰 punishment n.
The teacher punished him for his coming late to school.
因他上學(xué)遲到，老師處罰了他。
You were lucky to escape punishment.
你避免了受罰，真幸運。
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