個性化學科優化學案

目 標 1. 掌握名詞的概念及分類

2. 名詞復數變化

3. 名詞所有格

重 點

難 點 重點：名詞復數，名詞所有格

教學過程

名詞概念：人，事，地，物的名字

名詞功用：做主語，補語，賓格

名詞分類：

1、 普通名詞：book dog spaceship (這里涉及名詞的單復數形式，一般有單復數形式，在句子要有復數表現)

2、 集合名詞：class family audience (所謂集合名詞是指一個名詞即可以指一個整體的概念，也可以指整體中某個整體中的個體)

例：My family large.

My family all early risers.

3、專有名詞：一般是人名、地名。 Bob Smith April London 等

特征：首字母大寫； 不能加冠詞， 沒有復數表現

前面要加冠詞the特殊專有名詞：專有的國家名，組織名前面加the.

例：the United Nations the United States

4、物質名詞：（一般是表示材料和材質）wood glass paper butter fruit

這類名詞一般是不可數名詞，沒有復數表現。

*數字+容器（度量衡）+of +物質名詞

例：1、a loaf/loaves of bread 2、a cup of coffee

3、a sheet/two sheets of paper 4、a spoonful of sugar

a handful of sand an armful wood

5、抽象名詞（看不見摸不到的名詞）：beauty, honesty, love, patience,happiness,music.(不可數名詞，沒有復數表現)

二、名詞的數

1、可數名詞的復數變化規則

① 一般在名詞后加s，變成復數。如boy→boys, pen→pens等

②以s, x, sh, ch結尾的，在后面加es。如Class classes, fox→foxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches。但stomach的復數為stomachs

③“以輔音字母+y”結尾的，y變為i，然后再加es。如baby→babies

④以f或fe結尾的名詞英語中共有100多個，其中直接加s的有92個，但這些絕大多數不常用，如safe, roof, belief等；把f或fe改為v, 再加e的只有13個，但13個都是常用的名詞，如thief, life, wife, shelf, self, knife, half, leaf, wolf等。

⑤以o結尾的名詞，除有生命的“兩人兩物”Negro, hero, tomato, potato等少數在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s。如kilo→kilos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos,radio→radios piano→pianos, video→videos

2、不規則變化

foot-feet , child-children goose-geese ox-oxen man-men woman- women tooth-teeth mouse-mice

3.單復同形 fish, deer, sheep, Chinese, Janpanses

one fish 一條魚 two fish兩條魚

a kind of fish 一種魚 two kinds of fishes 兩種魚

三、名詞所有格

1、概念：表示名詞擁有的表現，…的（我的，你的….）

2,結構：單數名詞：名詞’s/ 復數名詞：名詞s’

e.g: the boy’s schoolbag / Joan’s dress

e.g: a girls’ school/ these students’ teacher

3.字尾非s結尾的復數n : 名詞’s e.g: Children’s playground

*4.需特別注意的所有格用法

* 共同所有格和個別所有格

共同所有格：名詞+名詞…+名詞’s

個別所有格：名詞’s +名詞’s+…+名詞’s

e.g. 1. father is a scientist.

2. fathers are scientists.

* (無) 生物所有格 A的B-B of A

Mr and Mrs Brown’s 布朗夫婦

桌子的腿： the legs of the table

車門： the door of the car

女孩的名字：the name of the girl/ the girl’s name(有生命的直接’s)

省略： 所有格后的名詞，如果都知道可以省略

E.g：1. She’s going to the dentist’s .

2. I met him at the barber’s.

3. We like to eat lunch at McDonal’s.

中考連線：

1. --I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.

-- Right. It is one of the in my school.

A.choices B. plans C. hobbies D.rules

2. –Recently I have read many about the droughts in the south of China.

-- Oh, the farmers will have a bad harvest this year.

名詞專項訓練：

5. The ant has two ____.

A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs 　

6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks 　

7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a 　

8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!

A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 　

9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.

A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound 　

10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____. 　

A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles 　

11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate 　

A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was 　

12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car. 　

A. deal B. amount C. number D. size 　

13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard. 　

A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of

14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend. 　

A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands 　

15. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee 　

16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for. 　

A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price 　

17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly.

A. Man’s B. Men’s C. Mens’ D. Person’s 　

18.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao Wang’s B. Wang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang 　

19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory.

A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s 　

20. Have you ever read ____? 　

A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today’s newspaper 　

21. Two ____ walk didn’t made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’ 　

22. The mother over there is ____ mother. 　

A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary’s C. Julia’s and Mary’s D. Julia’s and Mary 　

23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class. 　

A. anyone’s B. anyone else C. anyone’s else’s D. anyone else’s 　

24. The children are playing ____ on the ____. 　

A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand 　

25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair 　

26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel 　

27. We have no ____ about where she has gone. 　

A. information B. news C. message D. flash 　

28. Food and ____ are daily necessities⌒枰for the people. 　

A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing 　

29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill 　

30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed. 　

A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened 　

C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place 　

31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart. 　

A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking 　

32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. 　

A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man 　

33. He was an ____ in the government ____. 　

A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer 　

34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____. 　

A. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character 　

35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital. A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day 　

36. My friend will return in ____. 　

A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days 　

37. ____ is always difficult for me. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation 　

38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise. 　

A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation 　

39. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to 　

40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one 　

41. No news ____ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has 　

42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. 　

A. looks B. seems C. is D. are 　

43. “Where ____ my trousers?” the boy asked.

A. is B. was C. were D. are 　

44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____. 　

A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit 　

45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something. 　

A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses