Module 8 Unit 1 The Written Word
1. classic ①adj.經(jīng)典的/典型的(≈typical)：a classic book；the classic symtoms of a cold ②adj.古典的(≈classical)：★classic/classical literature；★classic music (×)→classical music (√) ③n./c/ 經(jīng)典作品/古典作品/古典文學(xué)家/古典藝術(shù)家 →classical adj.古典的
2. antique ①adj.古時的/古式的 ②n./c/古董≈curiosity n.①/u/好奇心/求知欲 ②/c/古玩 →★curious adj.①好奇的：be curious about sth；be curious to do sth；be curious wh-clause ②奇怪的：It’s curious/strange that-clause
3. literature n./u/文學(xué)；culture n.文化；civilisation n.文明 →literary adj.：literary works文學(xué)作品；literary review文學(xué)評論
4. ★receive vt.①接到/收到≠accept接受 ②受到/接受：receive one’s thanks；receive a good education；receive a warm welcome；receive (a) punishment ③接納/承認/同意：be well received ④迎接/招待：be warmly received ⑤容納/承受；收聽/收看
5. ★be well received；be well loved；be well(-)known；be well(-)prepared；be well worth doing
6. (un)wise adj.：It’s (un)wise of sb to do sth →wisdom n./u/：a man of wisdom智者
7. gather dust；Dust gathered/accumulated on the desk..→dusty/dustbin →dirt/dirty
8. ★release ①vt.(束縛中)解放/解脫/釋放；免除/解除(義務(wù))：release sb/sth from sth/sw eg. He released the bird from the cage. He was released from prison. ②vt.放出/解開/松開/發(fā)射/投擲：release the rope/brake ③發(fā)行/放映/發(fā)表(唱片/電影/書等) ④n./u/意思同①②③
9. ★adopt vt.①收養(yǎng)/領(lǐng)養(yǎng) ②采納/采用→adjust①vt.調(diào)整/調(diào)節(jié)/校正(A來配合B)：adjust A (to B) ②vt/vi. (使)適應(yīng)：adjust (onesefl) to →adapt①vt.改造/修改/改編/改寫(為…用)：adapt A (for B) ②vt/vi.(使)適應(yīng)/適合：adapt (A/oneself) to B →adaptation n.①/u/適應(yīng)/適合 ②/u/改造/改編 ③/c/改編/改寫的作品：an adaptation of a novel for television
10. ★work ①n./u/工作/勞動：hard work ②n.(用pl./單復(fù)數(shù)同形)作品/著作：the complete/selected works of Lu Xun全集/選集 ③n.工廠(用pl./單復(fù)數(shù)同形)：a gas works →at work；go to work；in work/out of work 有工作/失業(yè) ④vi.工作/上班：work hard；work on/at/in/for…⑤vt/vi.(使)運轉(zhuǎn)/運作≈operate/function ⑥vi.進行順利/起作用 ⑦vt.經(jīng)營/解決 →work on；work out
11. chapter n.章節(jié)回≈section n.章節(jié)/段落；地區(qū)/區(qū)域/部分；Paragraph 1=the first paragraph
12. ★harm ①n./vt.傷害/損害：I meant no harm.；There is no harm in calling him.；do harm to…=do … hram ②n.邪惡/惡行≈vice/crime →be harmful/harmless to…
13. ★simple adj.①簡單/易懂的 ②樸素/簡樸的 ③純真/單純的 ④坦率/率直的 ⑤愚蠢/遲鈍的 ⑥完全/純粹的 →simply adv.①單單/僅僅/只=only eg. He studies so many foreign langauges simply for pleasure. ②簡單/易懂地 ③樸素/質(zhì)樸地 ④完全/絕對 eg. I simply can’t accept your apology. →simplify vt /simplification n.簡化 →live a simple life=live simply
14. ★uncertain adj.①不確實的/不確信的：be uncertain of/about…；be uncertain wh- ②易變的/不可靠的：uncertain weather；a woman with an uncertain temper →uncertainty n.①/u/不確定/不確信/不穩(wěn)定/易變：★There be (some) uncertainty about…；the uncertainty of the weather ②/c/不確定/不穩(wěn)定的事物(常用pl.)：the uncertainties of life 人生無常
15. tense ①n.時態(tài) ②v.(使)繃緊/拉緊 ③adj.(神經(jīng)/感情/繩索/肌肉等)緊張的/拉緊的/繃緊的→tension n.①/u/(繩/精神上等的)緊張/拉緊 ②/u/c/緊張的狀態(tài)/局勢：racial tensions；international tension；★the tension between…and…
16. twist ①n./c/u/扭轉(zhuǎn)/彎曲：a twist in the plot情節(jié)的曲折 ②vt/vi纏繞/彎曲/旋轉(zhuǎn)/曲解/轉(zhuǎn)身/折行：twist…into a rope搓成繩子；twist/wrap A around/round B把A纏繞在B上；twist one’s arm反扭手臂
17. generous adj.慷慨/豁達的：be generous to sb/with money；It’s generous of sb to do sth →generosity(無u) n.：show generosity to sb →be mean with money吝嗇/小氣；It be mean of sb to do sth卑鄙/刻薄
18. ★fortune n.①/u/運氣/幸運/命運：by good/bad fortune幸好/不幸；have fortune to do sth；seek /try one’s fortune找出路/碰運氣 ②n./c/u/財富/巨款：make a fortune →(un)fortunate/ (un)fortunately：be (un)fortunate in (doing) sth；be (un)fortuante to do sth；It’s (un)fortuante that-clause →luck/ (un)lucky/ (un)luckily →misfortune ①惡運/不幸：by misfortune；bear/endure misfortune忍受不幸；suffer misfortune遭受不幸；have the misfortune to do sth ②/c/不幸的事/災(zāi)難：Misfortunes never come singly. 禍不單行
19. finance n/v.財政/金融/融資→financial adj.：financial ability財力；financial troubles/difficulties財政困難；financial worries財政困擾→financier n.資本家/財政家/金融業(yè)者/財務(wù)官
20. abrupt adj.①突然/猝然/意外的(≈sudden)：an abrupt change in the weather；an abrupt death猝死/暴斃；The car made an abrupt turn/stop. 急轉(zhuǎn)彎/急停 ②粗魯?shù)?生硬的(=rude)：in an abrupt manner ③陡峭的(=steep)：an abrupt slope陡坡
21. constant adj.①固定/不變的：a constant temperature恒溫；drive at a constant speed穩(wěn)速駕車 ②持續(xù)的/不斷地：a constant pain；the constant noise of traffic →constantly adv.不斷/反復(fù)/經(jīng)常地：She is constantly changing her mind.
22. ★remind sb of/about sth；remind sb to do sth；remind sb that-clause提醒/使人想起→reminder n./c/(有提醒作用的)人/物提示：a reminder of sth / that-clause（同位語從句）
23. shabby adj.①破舊/破爛的 ②卑鄙/可恥的 ③邋遢/襤褸的 ④低劣/蹩腳的；shortcoming n./c/ →advantage/disadvantage；shallow adj.①淺的 ②膚淺的 ③淺薄的：It’s shallow of sb to do sth
24. ★prejudice ①成見/偏見：free from prejudice沒有偏見；racial/sexual prejudice種族/性別偏見；have (a…) prejudice against…；②vt.：prejudice A against B使A對B產(chǎn)生偏糿.主題/主旨：theme park/song；the theme of…；educate/education/educated
30. weA25. company →companion n./c/伴侶/伙伴≈partner/mate/fellow/accompanier
26. rigid adj.①堅硬的/僵硬的 ②頑固的/死板的/剛愎的/嚴格的：He is very rigid in his opinions.
27. civil adj.①有教養(yǎng)的/禮貌的(≈polite)：a civil gentleman ②國內(nèi)的：civil affairs/war ③市民/國民/公民的：civil duties/rights/servant ④民事的(criminal刑事的)：civil case/law
28. bend (bent/bent)①vt/vi.(使)彎曲 ②vi.彎腰/屈身：bend down ③vt/vi.(使)屈服于/順從于：bend (A/oneself) to B：He tried to bend his daughter to his wishes. We’ll never bend to the will of anyone. ④(視線/腳步等)朝向/(心等)專注：bend oneself to…→bent adj.①彎曲的/彎的 ②專心/專注/決心的：★be bent on doing sth一心想要/決心要≈set one’s mind to do sth
29. theme n.主題/主旨：theme park/song；the theme of…；educate/education/educated
30. wealth n.①/u/財富/財產(chǎn)：a man of wealth；accumulate/acquire wealth 積聚財富/致富 ②豐富/大量：a wealth of…大量/許多→wealthy adj.①有錢的 ②富于…的：be wealthy/rich in…
31. fancy ①n.空想/想象/嗜好 ②vt.想象/以為/認為/喜歡 ③adj.裝飾的/高檔的/花哨的
32. ★settle ①vt.決定=decide：settle (to do) sth ②調(diào)停/解決/收拾/處理：settle the problem/quarrel ③vt/vi.(使)定居/(使)移民：settle (sb) +介賓/副詞 ④vt/vi.放置/安坐 ⑤vt/vi.(使)平靜/鎮(zhèn)定/鎮(zhèn)靜 →settle (up) with sb和某人付清/結(jié)清賬款；settle/decide on/upon doing sth決定做某事；settle/get down to doing sth安心/專心做某事；settle down ①vt/vi.(使人)坐下 ②vi.定居/安身（+介賓）③vt/vi.(使)平靜/安靜≈calm/cool down →settlement/settler n.
33. acquaint sb/oneself with…使某人/自己知道/熟悉/通曉/精通…→be/get acquainted with…精通/相識…→acquaintance n./u/c/ 相識/熟人：★make one’s acquaintance=make the acquaintance of sb；on/upon further acquaintance經(jīng)過進一步的認識/了解后
34. novel(ist)；(ab)normal；workhouse貧民收容院/orphanage孤兒院(orphan孤兒)
35. master ①n.主人/雇主/大師/碩士 ②vt.熟練/精通 ③vt.支配/征服/抑制/馴服：master nature →be master in one’s own house自己當(dāng)家作主；be master of…掌握/控制/熟練使用…；be one’s own master獨立自主/不受別人控制
36. abuse ①vt/n.濫用/妄用：abuse one’s power/eyes；abuse of privileges特權(quán)的濫用 ②vt/n.虐待：abuse children；child abuse ③vt/n.辱罵/詆毀
37. crime n.犯罪/不好的行為：commit/do a crime犯罪；confess a crime供認罪行；prevent/wipe out a crime預(yù)防/消除犯罪；a horrible/major/minor crime殘暴/重/輕罪；It’s a crime to waste food. →criminal ①n.罪犯 ②adj.犯罪的/刑事的：a criminal act/case
38. millionaire/billionaire n.百萬/億萬富翁；questionaire問卷調(diào)查表
39. ★pity ①n.憐憫/同情(≈sympathy)：feel pity for…；have/take pity on… ②n.遺憾/懊悔/可惜的事：It’s/What a pity (that-clause). ③vt.憐憫/同情：pity sb
40. reform ①vt.改善/改革/改良：reform a system ②vt/vi.(使人)悔改/改過：reform (sb/oneself) eg. It’s more important to reform criminals than (to) punish them. He has completely reformed (himself) and is working hard now. ③n.改善/改革：the reform of social/educational system
41. pressure ①n.壓/按/擠/榨/壓迫：(high/low) blood pressure；I feet the pressure of his hand on my shoulder. ②n.氣壓/(精神/社會)壓力/苦惱：financial/mental pressure ③vt.施壓/壓迫/強迫(≈force)：★pressure/force sb to do sth / into doing sth；pressure sb with sth →at high/low pressure緊張地/悠閑地；★under pressure；under the pressure of… (在…)逼迫下/(因…而)迫不得已/(在…)壓力下；put/bring pressure on/upon sb (to do sth) 對某人施加壓力(去做某事)
42. ★threat ①n.威脅/恫嚇：under threat of punishment ②威脅者/危險的人物：a threat/danger to sb/sth →threaten v.威脅/恐嚇/恫嚇：threaten sth；threaten to do sth；threaten sb with sth
43. violence ①n./u/劇烈/猛烈/激烈：with violence=violently劇烈地 ②n./u/暴力/暴行：do violence to 對…施暴/傷害/歪曲 →violent adj.①劇烈地/猛烈的/厲害的：a violent storm/hit ②暴戾的
44. resist①vt/vi.抵抗/反抗/抗拒：resist sb/(doing) sth ②抗/耐(寒/銹/腐蝕等) ③忍耐/忍住(誘惑等)：★can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth=can’t/couldn’t help doing sth eg. She can’t resist eating sweets. →resistance n.→resistant adj.(有)抵抗力的：★be resistant to… eg. The seed is resistant to cold weather.
45. kick n/vt/vi.踢：kick the door open；kick (at) the ball；give the ball/man a good kick；penalty kick(PK) 罰點球/單挑
46. pale adj.①蒼白無力的/灰白的：a pale face；turn pale with fear/at the news ②淡的(=light)/暗淡的(=dim)：pale blue；a pale moon
47. spin (spun/spun/spinning) n./vt/vi.(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；swiftly≈rapidly迅速地；stout≈fat/strong壯實的
48. attach a stamp to the envelope；mud n./u/泥/泥濘→muddy adj.
49. ★talent n.①/c/u/才能/天賦：have a talent/gift for…②/c/人才/天才 →talented adj.；ability/able；intelligence/intelligent；gift/gifted；genius n.天才
50. sigh ①vt/vi.嘆氣 ②vi.嘆息/惋惜/懷念：sigh for… eg. The old actress sighed for her lost youth. ③n./c/嘆息：★give/draw/ let out a sigh (of relief)
51. sight n/v.視力/視野/看見/風(fēng)景名勝(sights)：have good/poor (eye)sight；near/far/short/long sight；lose one’s sight；★at first sight(注意：sight前面無the)；at sight一見就；★at (the) sight of…一看見…；catch sight of…看見/發(fā)現(xiàn)…；lose sight of…看不見/失去音訊/忽略/忘記；(come) in sight進入視線/可見；(go) out of sight看不見/從視線中消失
52. sorrow=unhappiness=sadness；anger n.憤怒/生氣→angry/angrily：be angry with/at sb；be angry about/at sth；be angry to do sth；be angry that-clause
53. gentle→gently→gentleman溫柔/輕柔；morden-day adj.=modern/contemporary
54. an ugly face；greed n./u/貪心/貪婪：one’s greed for money→greedy adj.貪婪渴望緾
60. ★entertain ①vt.款待/招待：entertain sb to餐/with sth→treat sb/oneself to sth ②vt.使快樂/使感興趣：entertain sb with sth →entertainment n. →enterta3茫籹tepson/daughter 配偶與前妻/前夫所生的子女
56. gravity n.①重力 ②嚴重性：the gravity of…→serious/severe adj.嚴重的；sugar→sugary
57. mistake ①n./c/：make a mistake；by mistake ②v弄錯/-took/-taken/：mistake A for B→mistaken adj.?ivorce/dicount rate 出生率/離婚率/折扣率；the rate of interest/exchange利率/匯率；②n.等級=class：a third-rate hotel三流賓館 ③vt/vi.評價/估計/視為/估價≈value/evaluate →rating n.等級/評級/評價/估計/評分：give sth a five-star rating
63. supreme adj.①(權(quán)力/地位等)最高/最高位的：supreme glory最大榮耀；the supreme commander最高統(tǒng)%饕?情義 →★(be) in debt (to sb)欠(…的)債/欠(…的)人情/受(…的)恩惠
68. fair adj.①公正的/公平的：be fair to/with… ②尚可的/還好的 ③晴朗的 ④白膚金發(fā)的：ining adj.快樂/有趣的
61. ★in/at the beginning (of…) (在…的)起初/開端時；from the beginning從一開始；from beginning to end從頭至尾/由始至終≈throughtout adv.
62. rate ①n.比例/速度/費用：at…rate (of…)；birth/divorce/dicount rate 出生率/離婚率/折扣率；the rate of interest/exchange利率/匯率；②n.等級=class：a third-rate hotel三流賓館 ③vt/vi.評價/估計/視為/估價≈value/evaluate →rating n.等級/評級/評價/估計/評分：give sth a five-star rating
63. supreme adj.①(權(quán)力/地位等)最高/最高位的：supreme glory最大榮耀；the supreme commander最高統(tǒng)帥/指揮官 ②(品質(zhì)/程度等)最大的/最上的/無上的/至上的/最重要的：supreme happiness至上的幸福；the supreme sacrifice最大犧牲；the Suprme Being上帝
64. typical adj.①典型的/代表性的≈representative：a typical Englishman/example ②(…所)特有的/獨特的/表現(xiàn)(…的)特征的：one’s typical way of speaking；That answer is typical of him. →★be typical of…0. rural adj.鄉(xiāng)下的/農(nóng)村的/田園的：a rural area；rural scenery田園風(fēng)光 →suburb n.郊區(qū)/suburban adj.郊區(qū)的/郊外的 →urban adj.城市的/都市的：urban population/life/problems
71. constitution n.①/c/憲法 ②/u/構(gòu)成/構(gòu)造≈structure ③/u/c/體質(zhì)/體格：have a strong/weak institution →constitute vt.構(gòu)成：be constitued of=be made up of=consist of=be composed of
72. short→shorten；threat/threaten；strength/strengthen加強/變強；length/lengthen加長/延長
73. ★mourn (for) sb/sth為…默哀；widow≠window；a bronze statue；the Statue of Liberty自由女神像；monument(≈memorial) n.紀念碑/塔/館：★build/put up/set up a monument to sb
74. publicly=in public；romance n.→romantic adj.：a romantic novelair play公平比賽；fair trade互惠貿(mào)易；a fair judegment/decision；⑤n.集市/展會
69. overnight adv.一夜之間/突然≈suddenly/all of a sudden；fortnight=two weeks兩周
70. rural adj.鄉(xiāng)下的/農(nóng)村的/田園的：a rural area；rural scenery田園風(fēng)光 →suburb n.郊區(qū)/suburban adj.郊區(qū)的/郊外的 →urban adj.城市的/都市的：urban population/life/problems
71. constitution n.①/c/憲法 ②/u/構(gòu)成/構(gòu)造≈structure ③/u/c/體質(zhì)/體格：have a strong/weak institution →constitute vt.構(gòu)成：be constitued of=be made up of=consist of=be composed of
72. short→shorten；threat/threaten；strength/strengthen加強/變強；length/lengthen加長/延長
73. ★mourn (for) sb/sth為…默哀；widow≠window；a bronze statue；the Statue of Liberty自由女神像；monument(≈memorial) n.紀念碑/塔/館：★build/put up/set up a monument to sb
74. publicly=in public；romance n.→romantic adj.：a romantic novel
75. ★exhibit ①vt.展示/陳列/展覽≈show/display：②n./c/展品 →exhibition n.展覽會：on exhibition=on show=on display；give/have an exhibition；a/an art/trade/international exhibition
76. tend ①vi.傾向(于…)/有(…的)趨勢：★tend to do sth易于…；tend to/toward sth傾向于…： eg. He tends to get angry when others disagree with him. He tends to/toward pop music of all sorts of music. ②vi.朝向/往(…的)方向：tend+介賓/副詞 ③vt.服侍/看護/照料/看管/護理(病人/傷口/動植物等) →tendency n.傾向/趨勢≈trend
77. emotion=strong feeling →emotional adj.；Scots=Scottish adj.蘇格蘭的→Scotland n.蘇格蘭
78. ★stress ①n./u/c/(物理上/精神上/狀況上)壓力/緊張：under great stress；under the stress of… ②n./u/強調(diào)/重視：lay/put stress on/upon… eg. Some schools lay/put stress on foreign language education. ③n./u/重音/重讀=accent ④vt.強調(diào)/重視/極力主張：He stressed the impotance of cooperation. ⑤vt.用重音讀…→stress mark重讀符號；stressed syllable重讀音節(jié)
79. format ①n.格式/形式≈form：in…format ②vt.(電腦術(shù)語)格式化：format the disc→fomation n.形成/組成/形態(tài)/結(jié)構(gòu)/編隊/隊形/陣勢≈structue/constitution：fly in formation編隊飛行
80. ballad≈folk music民謠/歌謠；imagine one’s/sb doing sth →imagination/imagery n./u/意象
81. ★compare A to B；compare A with B；compared with/to…；compare with…比得上/媲美…→comparative/comparatively→comparison n.比較/對照/比喻：make a comparison with…/betweem…and…；beyond/without comparison無與倫比/無可比擬；in/by comparison with…與…相比較/較之于…
82. ★farewell≈goodbye再見/再會①int.：Farewell to arms!=Farewell, arms!永別了，武器！(海明威名著) ②n./u/c/：say farewell/goodbye to sb；a farewell party歡送會