Unit1 Topic 2

一、知識目標

【重要短語】

get lost 走失；迷路

hate to go shopping 討厭去購物

hear from sb.=receive/ get a letter from sb.

收到某人的來信

be abroad 在國外

at least 至少

take place = happen 發生

one-child policy 獨生子女政策

be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴格

the population of China 中國的人口

live longer 活得更長

medical care 醫療保健

control the population 控制人口

be known / famous as 以……而聞名

work well in doing sth.做某事方面很有功效

have a long way to go 有很長的路要走

be short of 缺乏……

one of the greatest problems 最大問題之一

be in trouble 陷入麻煩中/ 在困境中

prefer boys to girls 重男輕女

offer sb. a good education

提供某人良好的教育

a couple of 一些 ;幾個

even though = even if 即使

have a lot of pressure 有許多壓力

the differences between A and B

A與B之間的區別

【重點句型】

1.We got lost and couldn’t find each other. 我們走失了，互相找不到對方。

2.It seems that their living conditions were not very good. 似乎他們的生活條件不是很好。

3.It is possible that Kangkang’s father was the only child in his family.

康康的父親有可能是他家中的獨生子。

4.One answer is known as the one-child policy. 其中一項眾所周知的措施是獨生子女政策.

5.And even though we have made a lot of progress, we have big pollution problems in the

city. 雖然我們已經取得了很大的進步，但是仍存在嚴重的城市污染問題。

【重要語法】

現在完成時常與下列表不明確的狀語連用

1．already 和 yet

already “已經”（多用于肯定陳述句）。

如：He has already gone home. 他已經回家了。

yet “已經; 還”（用于否定句或疑問句）。

如：Have you found him yet? 你已經找到他了嗎？

I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我還沒完成作業。

※ already 也可用于疑問句，表“出乎意料或驚奇”

Have you finished your homework already? 難道你已經完成作業了？

2．ever 和 never

ever “曾經”（多用于疑問句，問初次經歷）。

如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出過國。

never“從未；從來不”（多用于否定陳述句），常回答ever的句型。

如：I have never seen him before.

----Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出過國嗎？

----No, never. 不，從來不。

3．just

just “剛剛”（多用于肯定句，位于謂語動詞之前）。

如： I have just tried to call you. 我剛剛打電話給你。

4．before

before “之前”（一般位于句末；常與never呼應）。

如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before.

他說他以前從來沒看過這么美的風景。

【詞形轉換】

possible (反義詞)--impossible

rise (過去分詞)--rose

conclude (名詞)--conclusion

medicine (形容詞)--medical

difficult(名詞)--difficulty

less (反義詞)--more

excellent (近義詞)--great/good

different (名詞)--difference

come (過去式)-came (過去分詞)-come

see (過去式)-saw (過去分詞)-seen

peace (形容詞)--peaceful

二、要點講評

1.---- I really hate to go shopping. 我真討厭去購物。

---- So do I . 我也是。

So do I .為倒裝句，表示前面提到的肯定情況也同樣適合另外一個主體，表“某某也一樣”，結構為“so + be /情態動詞/ 助動詞 + 主語”。

如：Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名學生，湯姆也是。

Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆會游泳，湯姆也會。

Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜歡運動，湯姆也喜歡。

如表前面不怎樣，后面“也不”怎樣時，其結構為“ neither/ nor + be /情態動詞/ 助動詞 + 主語”。

如：Jim wasn’t Chinese, neither/ nor were they.　吉姆不中國人，他們也不是。

Jim can’t speak Japanese, neither can I .　吉姆不會說日語，我也不會。

Jim didn’t go there, neither did I .　吉姆沒去那兒，我也沒去。

　如前后兩句表達的是同一個主體，則不能倒裝，表“的確如此”。

如：Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好學生，的確如此。

Jim swims well. So he does. 吉姆游泳很好，的確如此。

2.At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world.

那時，中國是世界上人口最多的國家。

population為不可數名詞，表示人口的多少只能用 “large”或 “small”修飾，提問人口用“what”.

如：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。

What’s the population of China?= How many people are there in China?

中國的人口有多少？

3. Great changes have taken place in China. 中國發生了巨大變化。

take place 指必然性的“發生”或有計劃、安排之內的“舉行”。

如：The meeting will take place next Friday. 會議將在下周五舉行。

happen 指偶然的、沒有預料的“發生“，其結果往往給人帶來不幸或麻煩。

如：The accident happened yesterday. 事故發生在昨天。

※兩者都不用于被動語態。

如：The population has increased a lot. 人口增長發很多。

4.increase 可作及物動詞也可作不及物動詞。其含義是“增長，增加，加強”等。

increase by… 指“增加了……”; increase to…指 “增加到……”

5. and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China.

而且世界上大約五分之一的人口生活在中國。

one fifth 是分數表達法。英文分數表達法：分子為基數詞，分母為序數詞，先讀分子后讀分母。當分子大于1時，分母的序數詞則變為復數，直接在詞尾加“s”。

如：one fourth四分之一three fourths 四分之三one second二分之一two thirds三分之二

6.It has worked well in controlling China’s population.

它在控制人口數量方面取得了顯著的功效。

work well in doing sth. 表“在……方面很有功效”, 如:

如：Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.

做眼保健操在保護視力方面很有功效。

7. Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.

be short of… 表 “缺乏……”

如:She is always short of money at the end of every month. 每個月底她總是缺錢。

be short for… 表“是……的縮寫”.

如:TV is short for television. TV是television的縮寫形式.

8. Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education?

所有的中國家庭都能給他們的的孩子提供良好的教育嗎？

offer 表“（主動）給予， 提供”

offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”.

如：I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。

offer to do sth. “（主動）提出做某事”

如：She offered to cook for her mother. 她提出幫她媽媽煮飯。

I can’t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.

我得花幾個小時，才能到大的商場購物。

9. unless = if not 表“除非…; 如果不”，引導條件狀語從句。

如：I won’t go unless I hear from you. = I won’t go if I don’t hear from you.

如果你不通知我，我就不去。

Unless Bill studies hard, he’ll fail in the exam. 如果比爾不努力, 他不會通過考試的.

10. a couple of… 表 “幾個人或幾件事”.

如:a couple of years ago 幾年前; a couple of students 幾個學生

couple 指任何兩件同類的東西

如: a couple of watches 兩只手表； five couples of cats 五對貓

11.pair 指兩件不可分開使用的東西,它們可指兩件互不相連的東西(鞋子、襪子等)，也可指

兩部分構成的一件東西（褲子、剪刀等）。

如：a pair of shoes 一雙鞋子a pair of pants 一條褲子

三、典型例解

( )1.-They have been to Australia.

-So _____ I.

A. do B. have been C. did D. have

分析：D 此句為so引導的完全倒裝句。其含義為“A如此，B也如此。”其結構是so+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語。本句為完成時態，其助動詞是have。故選D。

( )2.The population of Shanghai is larger than _____ of Shenyang.

A. that B .it C. one D. this

分析：A 此句要用相同成分即上海的人口和沈陽的人口做比較。因為population是不可數名詞，所以用that代替。如果是復數名詞則要用those來代替。

( )3.-_____ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?

-It _____ about 296 million.

A. What is; is B. What was; was

C. How many is; was D. How many was; is

分析：B 問人口的多少用what而不用how many。本題問的是2005年的人口， 故為過去時態。

( )4._____ of the teachers are women in our school.

A. Two third B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three

分析：C分數的表達法是基數詞在前表示分子，序數詞在后表示分母；當分子大于1時，表示分母的序數詞要加s。

( )5.He’s read this book before, _____?

A. hasn’t he B. doesn’t he C .isn’t he D. wasn’t he

分析：A 本題考查反義疑問句反問部分的時態與人稱的單復數要與陳述部分一致的用法。

( )6.The _____ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.

A. increase B. increased C. increasing D. increases

分析：C 本題考查increase的現在分詞作定語的情況，表示“正在增長的”。increased是它的過去分詞也可作定語，但表示的是“已增長過的”。

( )7.The little girl has _____ finished reading the book you lent her.

A .already B. yet C. still D. once

分析：A already“已經”，常用覨t now.

分析：C 上句為否定情況，應用neither/nor+助動詞+主語，表示“我也未參觀過造紙廠”。

四、評價作業

I. 根據句子意思及首字母提示補全單詞

1. ---No one likes “Little Emperors.” ---N___________ do my parents.

2. The cars in the cities are i____________ rapidly these days, so traffic jam comes into being.

3. People couldn’t live long because of poor medical t________________.

4. In China, some people in less developed areas p__________ boys to girls.DA被動語態。根據題中changes是復數，答句用完成時態。故選B。

( )9.Students today have a lot of pressure(壓力) _____ they have to learn too much knowledge at school.

A. in order to B .unless C. because D .because of

分析：C in order to和because of后面不能接從句，unless不符合題意。故選C，用because。

( )10.-I have never visited a paper factory.

-_____

A. So have I. B. So I have. C. Neither have I. D.I haven’t now.

分析：C 上句為否定情況，應用neither/nor+助動詞+主語，表示“我也未參觀過造紙廠”。

四、評價作業

I. 根據句子意思及首字母提示補全單詞

1. ---No one likes “Little Emperors.” ---N___________ do my parents.

2. The cars in the cities are i____________ rapidly these days, so traffic jam comes into being.

3. People couldn’t live long because of poor medical t________________.

4. In China, some people in less developed areas p__________ boys to girls.

5. His mother told him that the sun r__________ in the east and sets in the west.

II. 翻譯詞組，補全句子

1.We must ___________ ___________ (采取措施) to control the population.

2. Doing eye exercises ____________ __________ (起明顯作用) in protecting our eyesight.

3. In 1960s, we were ________ _________ (缺乏) food and money .

4. He wouldn’t leave the TV set, __________ ___________ (既使) he was going to have an important exam the next day.

5.Her daughter __________ __________ (迷路) in the shopping center yesterday.

III. 完成下列句子的漢譯英（每空1分，滿分30分）

1.中國人口有多少？ 中國有大約13億人口。

_______ the _________ _______ China ? China ______ a population of ______1.3 billion.

2. 為什么中國要實施獨生子女政策？ 雖然跟以前比，中國人口增長放慢了，但人口問題依然嚴峻。

---Why does China _________ __________ with its __________ policy ?

---___________ its population is __________ _________ slowly than before, its population problem _________ ___________ quite ___________.

3. 這所學校里老師的數量是300人，其中四分之一是女教師。

_________ ___________ of the teachers in the school __________ 300, _________ ___________ of them ___________ women teachers.

4. 上周石油的價格增長了百分之二。 的確如些。

The price of oil ___________ ___________ 2% last week.

__________ _________ _____________.

5. 你生活在哪種家庭，是大家庭，還是小家庭？

_________ _________ of family are you ________, ________ family or _______ family ?

IV. 選擇題

( ) 1. Two thirds of the surface of the earth ____ covered with water.

A. is B. are C. has

( ) 2. The number of workers in this factory _____ increasing.

A. are B. is C. will

( ) 3. ---It seems to me that you are very hard-working, Maria.

---I have to. I have a lot of _____ from my family and society.

A. time B. efforts C. pressure

( ) 4. ---______ have you done with the waste ?

---I have thrown it away.

A. How B. What C. Where

( ) 5. ---Which country has a ____ population, England or Germany ?

A. smaller B. less C. few

( ) 6. About one fifth of the people in the world _____ in China.

A. live B. is living C. has lived

( ) 7. ---Excuse me, is Joan in ?

---Sorry, she isn’t here. She ___ to the airport to see her parents off half an hour ago.

A. went B. has gone C. has been

( ) 8. ---Who will go to the airport to meet Jenny ?

---I will. I _____ her several times. I can find her easily.

A. met B. have met C. will meet

( ) 9. We are tired. We have studies for ____ hours.

A. a couple B. couple C. a couple of

( ) 10. The more excellent our public transportation is, _____ our life will be.

A. the happier B. the more happy C. the more happily

( ) 11. ---What did Jeff say about the lost girl ?

---He said that he had seen her _______.

A. three days ago B. three days before C. for three days

( ) 12. ---Dad, my teacher said I had made a lot of progress recently.

---I’m glad to hear that. But I think you still _______.

A. have a long way to go B. have a rest C. live in the present

( ) 13. ---I went swimming last Sunday.

---_________. I like it very much.

A. So I do B. So I did C. So did I

( ) 14. ---We haven’t been to the Great Wall. ---_________.

A. So has she B. Nor she has C. Neither has she

( ) 15. ---Did you know _______?

---They had a quarrel about the answer to the question.

A. what did they happen B. what happened to them C. what they happened

參考答案

I. 根據句子意思及首字母提示補全單詞

1. Neither 2. increasing 3. treatment 4.prefer 5. rises

II. 翻譯詞組，補全句子

1. take measures 2. works well 3. short of 4. even though 5. got lost

III. 完成下列句子的漢譯英

1 What’s the population of, has, about / around

2. carry on, one-child, Though, growing more, still seems , serious

3. The number, is, a quarter, are

4.increased by, So it did

5. What kind/ sort / type, in, extended, nuclear

IV. 選擇題

1----5 ABCBA 6----10 AABCA 11----15 BACCB