牛津高中英語模塊一（第3講）
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 2 （上）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．學(xué)習(xí)談?wù)撉嗌倌杲?jīng)常遇到的問題 。
2．學(xué)會戲劇腳本。
3．了解英語口語和書面語的差別。
4．語法：定語從句（三）
【知識重點與學(xué)習(xí)難點】
重要單詞：
act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring.
二、重點詞組：
common to對…來說很普遍, turn up調(diào)高聲音, 出現(xiàn) a waste of 浪費, no more不再, spare time空余時間, force….to…強迫（某人）做 , can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要 , be supposed to被期望或要求, 本應(yīng)該， do with 處置, 忍受， 需要 be a mess/ in a mess亂成一團, leave sb in charge 委托 …..負責(zé), act like行為舉止象 …, go unpunished不受懲罰, go out熄滅, have one’s arm crossed雙臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on對某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以 的形式, than ever before比以前任何時候都, be angry at對某事生氣, even if即使, treat sb like…象 一樣對待 , argue about為 …而爭吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在許多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身。
【難點講解】
1.Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.
埃里克跟著球跑進來，后面跟著一條大狗，狗走得很慢。
這句話里有兩個不同層面上的狀語：過去分詞短語“followed by a big dog” 是謂語“runs in”的伴隨狀語，而現(xiàn)在分詞短語“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟隨埃里克進來的行走方式，是動詞“follow”的狀語。
伴隨狀語通常由現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語或介詞短語承當(dāng)。當(dāng)伴隨動作由主語發(fā)出時，用現(xiàn)在分詞，當(dāng)伴隨動作由其他人或物發(fā)出時用過去分詞。例如：
He ran after the thief, shouting angrily.
She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler.
The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand.
2. You weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow.
你們應(yīng)該明天才回家的。
be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本應(yīng)該去做。例如;
You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday.
Girls are supposed to behave more quietly in this country.
在肯定句中until 必須和持續(xù)性動詞連用時，在否定句里它主要和短暫性動詞連用也可以和持續(xù)性動詞連用，表示直到某時某個動作才開始。Until 還可以用在強調(diào)句中。Not until 放在句首時，句子要倒裝。例如:
He slept until 8 o’clock.
He didn’t wake up till e8 o’clock.
It was not until 8 o”clock that he woke up.
Not until 8 o’clock did he wake up.
I won’t be free till Friday.
3. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry.
本該用來買狗食的錢不見了，但斑點狗看起來餓得厲害。
“with which you were to buy dog food” 是定語從句, 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是介詞賓語時,介詞常放在關(guān)系代詞之前。例如:
the village we used to live in→the village in which we used to live
主語＋be動詞+不定式表示“按計劃將要做”，例如;
We are to hold up the enemy while our troups retreat.
The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington.
4. We thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions.
我們原以為你是個成年人，一個我們可以指望他做出正確決定的人。
劃線部分是“an adult” 的同位語， 它 和“an adult”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是對“an adult”含義進一步的說明。這個同位于本身又帶有定語從句from whom we could expect good decisions 。
Expect sth from sb: 期望從某人那里得到或看到某事，例如: You can never expect generosity from a miser.
5. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.
我們家不是一個放縱不良行為的家庭。
根據(jù)上文，this是指 our family。動詞go 后面可以跟形容詞，表示“變得”，例如：
go bad（變質(zhì)）, go dry（變干）, go mad（發(fā)瘋）, go international （國際化）。Go 和一些含否定意義的形容詞連用，則表示“不受……的, 未被…的”,如: go unchallenged, go unnoticed.
His theory has gone unchallenged in the world for half a century.
It’s strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook.
6. If they knew that Spot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet…
假如他們知道Spot得了病, 而我們用那筆錢帶他去看獸醫(yī)的話……..
這句話用的是虛擬語氣, 省略的部分是: they would understand why the money is gone and the house is a mess. 當(dāng)說話人只表示一種假設(shè)的情況、一種主觀愿望，即認為動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非真實時，使用虛擬語氣。表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反時，主句用過去將來時，條件從句用一般過去時。例如:
If I were you, I should wait till next week.
I she saw you now, she wouldn’t recognize you.
7.None of us stopped to think and we should have.
我們本應(yīng)當(dāng)停下來想想，而我們都沒有那么做。
Stop to do表示停下來去做另一件事， stop doing則表示停止正在做的事情。 should have
也是一種虛擬語氣，表示過去本應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事情。這里完整的句子應(yīng)該是:
We should have stopped to think, but none of us did.
8. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left?
你現(xiàn)在能向我解釋為什么家里亂成一團，而你又把我們留下的錢拿去干什么了嗎?
Be (in) a mess表示“亂成一團”； do with 表示“處理、處置”常和what 連用，它和deal with 不同，deal with 表示“處理、應(yīng)付” we left 雖然只有兩個單詞，卻是一個定語從句，它前面省略了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that或which。
【語法】定語從句(3)
一、．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu) (1) “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。這類結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句通常可以和帶關(guān)系副詞的定語從句互相轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：This is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of speech.
This is a free country in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech. (2) from where為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語的補語
能在定語從句中作主語的補語的關(guān)系代詞只有that, 這時的that既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如:
When Laura was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the singer (that)she always wanted to be.
Mr. Lee still talks like the man that he was ten years ago.
三、關(guān)系代詞as和which 作主語，都可以代表前面整個句子。但由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以前置。例如：
He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would.
As he hoped he would, he saw the girl.
As 還可用于the same…..as, such…..as, as……as 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
Such opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary people.
We are facing the same problem as we did years ago.
【英語俗語】
英語俗語,也和其他語言一樣,有許多都是由身體各個部份的名稱組成的。例如：To follow your nose是指"一直走"。另外還有：To play by ear，意思是看著辦。其他還有用hand 和foot這些字組成的習(xí)慣用語。
這里我們要向大家介紹由腿，也就是leg這個字組成的習(xí)慣用語：
To pull one's leg。To pull one's leg 初看起來好像和中文里的"拉后腿"的意思差不多。但是，千萬不要被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。To pull one's leg的真正意思是逗別人，開別人玩笑的意思。有時候，有的朋友故意講一些話來騙我們，后來才發(fā)現(xiàn)他是在開玩笑。
例如，一個大學(xué)生上了同學(xué)的當(dāng)，事后他說：
例句-3: "My roommate said this girl had told him she wouldn't mind going out with me. But when I invited her to a movie, I learned he was just pulling my leg."
這個大學(xué)生說："我的同房間同學(xué)說，那個女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。可是，當(dāng)我請她去看電影的時候，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我那同學(xué)是逗我，開我的玩笑。"
要是這個大學(xué)生聰明一點的話,他當(dāng)時就可以對他的同學(xué)說：
例句-4: "Hey, stop pulling my leg, will you! I don't believe that girl really said she likes me and would like me to take her out."
這句話的意思是："喂，你別逗我行不行！我才不信那個女孩真的說了她喜歡我，還要我邀她出去玩。"
和leg這個字有關(guān)的俗語里還有一個很有趣的說法,那就是：Break a leg! 從字面上來看，break a leg難道是斷了一條腿？或是倒霉？不是，break a leg的確切意思是祝愿別人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去參加高考，你就可以對他說：Break a leg!
Have green fingers 很會種花種菜
Green thumb就是指那些很會種花種菜的人
All thumbs手腳很笨的人
Jump in and get your feet wet到實踐中去學(xué)
A kettle call the pot black 五十步笑百步
A wet blanket 掃興的人或事
【同步練習(xí)】
根據(jù)上下文用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：
WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Birds
By Jill Moss
Today we will(1)_________(解釋) some expressions about birds. For example, if something is "for the birds", it is(2) __________(無價值) or not very interesting. Someone who eats like a bird eats very little. And "a bird`s eye view" is a(3) __________(總體的) look at an area from above.
Did you know that if you tell a young person about "the birds and bees", you are explaining about sex and birth. Have you ever(4)_________(觀察) that "birds of a feather flock together?" In other words, people who are similar become friends or do things together.
There is some good advice. "A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush". This means you should not risk(5)_________(失去) something you have by trying to get more of something you do not have.
Sometimes, I can do two things by performing only one (6)_______(動作). This is called "killing two birds with one stone". But I would never really kill any birds. I love all kinds animals. This is "a real feather in my cap". It is something to be(7)_______(驕傲) of.
Most of the people I work with are "early birds". They believe that "the early bird catches the worm". They think that a person(8)______ gets up early in the morning for work has the best chance of(9) _________(成功). Everyone in my office works hard but some people have "had their wings clipped". Their jobs have been limited. This is because the office is organized by packing order. People with more years and (10)____________(經(jīng)驗) are given more (11)________________(責(zé)任).
Some bird`s expressions are about crows, chickens and ducks. For example, when I am driving. I always travel "as the crow flies". I go the most（12）___________(直接) way. Anyone who "eats crow" has to admit a mistake or defeat.
Now let`s talk about my sister. She is not very young. She is "no spring of chicken". She will work any job for "chicken feed", a small (13)_______（數(shù)量） of money. She is easily frightened. For example, she is too "chicken livered" to walk down a dark street alone at night. Often she will "chicken out". She will not go out alone at night.
My sister was "an ugly duckling". She looked strange when she was a child. But she grew up to be a beautiful woman. Sometimes she thinks too much about having something in the future before she really has it. She "counts her chickens before they are hatched". Sometimes "her chickens come home to roost". That means her actions or words cause trouble for her. However my sister does not worry about what people say about her. (14)_________（批評） falls off her like water off a duck`s back.
Politicians are sometimes considered "lame ducks" after losing an election. They have little time left in office and no much power. Congress holds a "lame duck" session after an (15)__________(選舉). Important laws are not passed during this period.
二 從上文中找出下列說法對應(yīng)的英文：
一文不值：
鳥瞰：
物以類聚：
一矢二鳥：
兩鳥在林不如一鳥在手：
早起的鳥兒有蟲吃：
得意之物：
束縛手腳：
論資排隊：
10. 膽小如鼠:
11. 招災(zāi)惹禍:
12. (對別人的批評)充耳不聞:
13. 吃蒼蠅:
14. 蠅頭小利:
15: 過早樂觀:
三、選擇正確的答案完成下面一段對話：
A: Who is it?
B: Dad.
A: come on in, Dad.
B: (1)______________________. I brought you a sandwich .
A: I am hungry. Thanks, Dad. What time ist, anyway?
B: Ten o’clock. What are you working on?
A:.(2)___________________________________________
B: And….what do you feel?
A: Me? (3)__________________________________________
B: I felt the same way.
A:(4)_________________________________________
B: Oh,(5)___________________________. Well, don’t work all night.
A: I don’t mind, I enjoy writing.
B: Well, maybe you should think about becoming a writer.
A: Mybe I should.
B: You have lots of time to decide.
A: (6)__________________________________________
B: You will be OK. Good night, son.
A: Good night, Dad.
A.I thought you might be hunger
B. That’s the worst part-making decisions.
C. A little scared and excited, too.
D. The scary part is leaving home and going to college
E. I’m writing an article on the feelings about graduation
F. leaving home is part of growing up
參考答案
一、 1. explain 2. worthless 3. general 4. observed 5. losing 6.action 7.proud 8. who 9. success 10. experience 11.responsibility 12. direct 13 amount 14. criticism 15. election
二、1．for the birds
2．a(chǎn) bird`s eye view
3．Birds of a feather flock together
4．Kill two birds with one stone
5．A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush
6．The early bird catches the worm
7. a real feather in my cap
8. had their wings clipped
9．Packing order
10. chicken livered
11. the chickencomes home to roost
12. Criticism falls off her like water off a duck`s back..
13. eat the crow
14.chicken feed
15.count one’s chickens before they are hatched.
三、A E C D F B